scholarly journals Satiating Effect of a Ketogenic Diet and Its Impact on Muscle Improvement and Oxidation State in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Benlloch ◽  
María Mar López-Rodríguez ◽  
María Cuerda-Ballester ◽  
Eraci Drehmer ◽  
Sandra Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Background: It was previously established that Multiple sclerosis (MS) generates energy alterations at the mitochondrial level related to the loss of muscle mass. Ketone bodies, mainly beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), re-establish this energy alteration causing satiety, changes in body composition and a decrease in hormone-dependant hunger, such as ghrelin. The aim of this study was to establish possible improvements in body composition and the level of oxidation in patients with MS, by means of the satiating effect of a ketogenic diet. Methods: A pilot study was carried out with 27 MS patients who were given a Mediterranean isocaloric and ketogenic diet for 4 months. Anthropometric measurements, as well as satiety and hunger perception (VAS scale), were taken. In addition, BHB and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), as an oxidation marker, were measured by spectrophotometric automated assays, and ghrelin was determined by an enzyme immunoassay in the serum. All measurements were taken before and after the intervention. Results: A significant increase in satiety perception at lunch and dinner and of BHB in the blood was obtained. Hunger perception decreased significantly at lunch and dinner with similar levels of ghrelin. In addition, an important increase in lean mass and PON1 was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing improvements in body composition, oxidation state and metabolism in MS patients, based on the satiating effect of a Mediterranean isocaloric diet. Conclusion: A ketogenic diet increases lean mass and decreases inflammation and oxidation possibly as a consequence of an increase in satiety and decrease in hunger in MS patients.

scholarly journals Reply to “When Is a Ketogenic Diet Ketogenic? Comment on Satiating Effect of a Ketogenic Diet and Its Impact on Muscle Improvement and Oxidation State in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1156”

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1919
Author(s):  
María Benlloch ◽  
María Mar López-Rodríguez ◽  
María Cuerda-Ballester ◽  
Eraci Drehmer ◽  
Sandra Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

In response to the questions raised in the comment to the editor of R [...]

scholarly journals Effects of Two Months of Very Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Muscle Area, and Blood Parameters in Competitive Natural Body Builders

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Lorenzo Cenci ◽  
PierLuigi Pompei ◽  
Nese Sahin ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Background: Ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach that restricts daily carbohydrates, replacing most of the reduced energy with fat, while maintaining an adequate quantity of protein. Despite the widespread use of KD in weight loss in athletes, there are still many concerns about its use in sports requiring muscle mass accrual. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the influence of a KD in competitive natural body builders. Methods: Nineteen volunteers (27.4 ± 10.5 years) were randomly assigned to ketogenic diet (KD) or to a western diet (WD). Body composition, muscle strength and basal metabolic rate were measured before and after two months of intervention. Standard blood biochemistry, testosterone, IGF-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1β, TNFα) were also measured. Results: Body fat significantly decreased in KD (p = 0.030); whilst lean mass increased significantly only in WD (p < 0.001). Maximal strength increased similarly in both groups. KD showed a significant decrease of blood triglycerides (p < 0.001), glucose (p = 0.001), insulin (p < 0.001) and inflammatory cytokines compared to WD whilst BDNF increased in both groups with significant greater changes in KD (p < 0.001). Conclusions: KD may be used during body building preparation for health and leaning purposes but with the caution that hypertrophic muscle response could be blunted.

scholarly journals Anal sphincter dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: an observation manometric study

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marola ◽  
Alessia Ferrarese ◽  
Enrico Gibin ◽  
Marco Capobianco ◽  
Antonio Bertolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Anal Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Resting Anal Pressure ◽  
Group B ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Group D

AbstractConstipation, obstructed defecation, and fecal incontinence are frequent complaints in multiple sclerosis. The literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders is scant. Using anorectal manometry, we compared the anorectal function in patients with and without multiple sclerosis.136 patients referred from our Center for Multiple Sclerosis to the Coloproctology Outpatient Clinic, between January 2005 and December 2011, were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups: multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group A); multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group B); non-multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group C); non-multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group D). Anorectal manometry was performed to measure: resting anal pressure; maximum squeeze pressure; rectoanal inhibitory reflex; filling pressure and urge pressure. The difference between resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers was defined as the change in resting anal pressure calculated for each patient.ResultsGroup A patients were noted to have greater sphincter hypotonia at rest and during contraction compared with those in group C (p=0.02); the rectal sensitivity threshold was lower in group B than in group D patients (p=0.02). No voluntary postcontraction sphincter relaxation was observed in either group A or group B patients (p=0.891 and p=0.939, respectively).ConclusionsThe decrease in the difference in resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers suggests post-contraction sphincter spasticity, indicating impaired pelvic floor coordination in multiple sclerosis patients. A knowledge of manometric alterations in such patients may be clinically relevant in the selection of patients for appropriate treatments and for planning targeted rehabilitation therapy.

scholarly journals Impact of Moderate Individually Tailored Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Fatigue on Functional, Cognitive, Emotional State, and Postural Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Justyna Redlicka ◽  
Ewa Zielińska-Nowak ◽  
Anna Lipert ◽  
Elżbieta Miller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease, with fatigue syndrome as one of the main symptoms. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that moderate physical activity (MPA) may have a beneficial effect on postural stability, balance, and clinical parameters. The research group consisted of 137 randomized patients hospitalized at the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz. Finally, 76 patients were qualified who were divided into two groups—high fatigue (HF) and low fatigue (LF). Participants were assessed twice: before and after a 4-week MPA program using: the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and stabilometric platform tests were performed. Results obtained after the 4-week MPA program showed a positive effect of the MPA with differences between LF and HF groups. The MPA was more effective in MS patients with LF in cognitive functions, functional status, and postural stability but among HF patients in an emotional state, especially in MS patients below 65 years, although in total, both groups benefited from the MPA.

Cellular mechanisms of the antiammoniagenic effect of ketone bodies in the dog

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. F420-F426 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lemieux ◽  
C. Pichette ◽  
P. Vinay ◽  
A. Gougoux
Keyword(s):  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Glutamine Concentration ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Proportional Decrease

To investigate the mechanisms of the antiammoniagenic effect of ketone bodies, acidotic dogs (NH4Cl) were infused with either beta-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate. Total blood ketones ranged from 2 to 4 mM. Renal ammoniagenesis fell by a mean of 53%, with a proportional decrease in glutamine extraction. Glutamate release in the renal vein rose, renal extraction of lactate fell, and aspartate and alanine production decreased. Study of the metabolite profile of the renal cortex by the freeze-clamp technique before and after ketone infusion showed that tissue glutamine concentration was unchanged, whereas glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, and citrate rose. The intermediates of the gluconeogenic pathway, such as phosphoenolypyruvate, 2-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and glucose-6-phosphate, fell significantly. The redox state as calculated from the free NAD+/NADH ratios in the cytosolic (lactate dehydrogenase) and the mitochondrial (glutamate dehydrogenase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) compartments was reduced. The present study suggests that ketone bodies inhibit renal ammoniagenesis through increased generation of alpha-ketoglutarate (metabolic or bicarbonate effect) and a decrease in the mitochondrial and cytosolic redox potentials in the kidney.

Effects of natalizumab on oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients: A longitudinal study

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1900-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mancuso ◽  
D Franciotta ◽  
M Rovaris ◽  
D Caputo ◽  
A Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Igg Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oligoclonal Igg ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Retrospective studies show that natalizumab modifies oligoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG) bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In this study, we prospectively analyzed both serum and CSF samples from 24 MS patients, before and after 2 years of natalizumab-based therapy. Our results showed complete (55%) or partial (27%) disappearance of the OCBs in CSF samples that were taken after 2 years of therapy. Intrathecal IgG production, represented by the IgG index and IgGLoc, was also quantitatively reduced. Our data showed that natalizumab substantially modulates both intrathecal polyclonal and oligoclonal IgG production: This effect was much more potent than was previously reported.

scholarly journals Relationship between 25-OH-D serum level and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis patients before and after vitamin D supplementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny ◽  
Sophie Rivaud-Péchoux ◽  
Pierre Clerson ◽  
Raphaël de Paz ◽  
Jean-Claude Souberbielle
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadriye Armutlu ◽  
Aydin Meriç ◽  
Nuray Kirdi ◽  
Edibe Yakut ◽  
Rana Karabudak
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Electrical Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Modified Ashworth Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Ashworth Scale

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. The study was carried out in the Hacettepe University School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. The subjects in the study were 10 clinically definite, primary and secondary progressive type multiple sclerosis outpatients with mild to moderate spasticity in the plantar flexor muscles of the ankle. Stimuli of frequency 100 Hz and pulse width 0.3 msec were used 20 minutes per day for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed by electromyography, Modified Ashworth Scale, and Ambulation Index. Electromyography was performed before and after the daily treatment of spastic muscles with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in order to assess the effect on muscle relaxation. The Modified Ashworth Scale and Ambulation Index were used before and after 4 weeks' treatment. After 4 weeks of treatment, there were statistically significant reductions in spasticity of both extremities as assessed by myoelectric activity and the Modified Ashworth Scale (P < 0.05). Ambulation Index level was not improved significantly)P > 0.05).

scholarly journals Neurophysiological Correlates of Central Fatigue in Healthy Subjects and Multiple Sclerosis Patients before and after Treatment with Amantadine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Santarnecchi ◽  
Simone Rossi ◽  
Sabina Bartalini ◽  
Massimo Cincotta ◽  
Fabio Giovannelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Chronic Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abductor Digiti Minimi ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

In ten healthy subjects and in ten patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS), we investigated the cortical functional changes induced by a standard fatiguing repetitive tapping task. The Cortical Silent Period (CSP), an intracortical, mainlyGABAB-mediated inhibitory phenomenon, was recorded by two different hand muscles, one acting as prime mover of the fatiguing index-thumb tapping task (First Dorsal Interosseous, FDI) and the other one not involved in the task but sharing largely overlapping central, spinal, and peripheral innervation (Abductor Digiti Minimi, ADM). At baseline, the CSP was shorter in patients than in controls. As fatigue developed, CSP changes involved both the “fatigued” FDI and the “unfatigued” ADM muscles, suggesting a cortical spread of central fatigue mechanisms. Chronic therapy with amantadine annulled differences in CSP duration between controls and patients, possibly through restoration of more physiological levels of intracortical inhibition in the motor cortex. These inhibitory changes correlated with the improvement of fatigue scales. The CSP may represent a suitable marker of neurophysiological mechanisms accounting for central fatigue generation either in controls or in MS patients, involving corticospinal neural pools supplying not only the fatigued muscle but also adjacent muscles sharing an overlapping cortical representation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document