scholarly journals Diet and Immune Function

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Childs ◽  
Calder ◽  
Miles
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

A well-functioning immune system is critical for survival. The immune system must be constantly alert, monitoring for signs of invasion or danger. Cells of the immune system must be able to distinguish self from non-self and furthermore discriminate between non-self molecules which are harmful (e.g., those from pathogens) and innocuous non-self molecules (e.g., from food). This Special Issue of Nutrients explores the relationship between diet and nutrients and immune function. In this preface, we outline the key functions of the immune system, and how it interacts with nutrients across the life course, highlighting the work included within this Special Issue. This includes the role of macronutrients, micronutrients, and the gut microbiome in mediating immunological effects. Nutritional modulation of the immune system has applications within the clinical setting, but can also have a role in healthy populations, acting to reduce or delay the onset of immune-mediated chronic diseases. Ongoing research in this field will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the role of diet and nutrients in immune function and will facilitate the use of bespoke nutrition to improve human health.

scholarly journals Coenzyme Q10 and Immune Function: An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
David Mantle ◽  
Robert A. Heaton ◽  
Iain P. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Coq10 Supplementation ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a number of important roles in the cell that are required for optimal functioning of the immune system. These include its essential role as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, enabling the process of oxidative phosphorylation to occur with the concomitant production of ATP, together with its role as a potential lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting the cell against free radical-induced oxidation. Furthermore, CoQ10 has also been reported to have an anti-inflammatory role via its ability to repress inflammatory gene expression. Recently, CoQ10 has also been reported to play an important function within the lysosome, an organelle central to the immune response. In view of the differing roles CoQ10 plays in the immune system, together with the reported ability of CoQ10 supplementation to improve the functioning of this system, the aim of this article is to review the current literature available on both the role of CoQ10 in human immune function and the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on this system.

scholarly journals Homenagem: Remembering the Life and Work of Abdias Nascimento

2021 ◽  
pp. 002193472110115
Author(s):  
Keisha-Khan Y. Perry ◽  
Anani Dzidzienyo
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Black Studies ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Art And Politics ◽  
Black Politicians ◽  
Brown University ◽  
Black World ◽  
The Relationship

This essay provides a brief introduction to this special issue focused on the life and work of Black Brazilian scholar-activist Abdias Nascimento. The contributors include, Vera Lucia Benedito, Ollie Johnson, Zachary Morgan, Elisa Larkin Nascimento, and Cheryl Sterling who all participated in a 2015 conference at Africana Studies at Brown University. This group of scholars aptly illustrate that Nascimento had long contributed to the internationalization of Black Studies as a field in US academe and he was crucial in establishing Brazil as a central component of the Black World. The essays have much to teach us about Nascimento’s views on the relationship between art and politics, the role of military service in shaping his activism, the significance of black politicians in the reconceptualization of Brazilian democracy, and the importance of preserving archives and expanding our understanding of the Black radical tradition.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in immune function: The role of sex steroid hormones

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Anna Mihailova ◽  
Indrikis Krams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity

There is evidence of the relation of sex steroid hormones and sexual dimorphism in immune system response to infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to identify the role of sex hormones in immune function and sexual dimorphism of immune reactions. Gonadal hormones together with the immune system play an important role in process of immune responses to the disease [1]. Estrogens, progesterone and testosterone have different impacts on immune cells and different gonadal hormones are of high importance for responses of innate and adaptive immunity [1, 2]. Estrogens mainly enhance immune function while testosterone has a suppressive role. Higher progesterone during pregnancy leads to autoimmune disease remission and an elevated susceptibility toward certain infectious diseases [2, 3, 4]. The intensity and prevalence of viral infections are typically higher in males, whereas disease outcome could be worse for females [5]. Sexual dimorphism of immune function is based on different concentrations of sex hormones in males and females and on a specific mediating role of these hormones in immune function and response along with differences in innate and adaptive immunity.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Quintero-Villegas ◽  
Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractIn mammalians, serotonin (5-HT) has critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including mood stability, pain tolerance, or sleep patterns. However, the vast majority of serotonin is produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and circulating blood platelets, also acting outside of the CNS. Serotonin effects are mediated through its interaction with 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), a superfamily with a repertoire of at least fourteen well-characterized members. 5-HT7 receptors are the last 5-HTR member to be identified, with well-defined functions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and vascular systems. The effects of serotonin on the immune response are less well understood. Mast cells are known to produce serotonin, while T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia express 5-HT7 receptor. Here, we review the known roles of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system, as well as their potential therapeutic implication in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.

Colonialism with benefits? Singaporean peoplehood and colonial contradiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-644
Author(s):  
Philip Holden
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Subject Formation ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
American Political Scientist ◽  
The Relationship

Most of the research presented in this special issue questions the notion of a singular Singaporean story, and yet this narrative persists as a form of Gramscian common sense for most Singaporeans, whether young or old, and also for recent immigrants and international commentators. To understand the reasons for this persistence, I turn to American political scientist Rogers M. Smith's concept of narratives of peoplehood, and in particular his notion of ethically constitutive stories that are central to individual subject formation. The role of the colonial past in such stories of Singapore is contradictory, in that the relationship between colonialism and the nation-state is seen simultaneously in terms of rupture and continuity, and this conceals a further contradiction in terms of the relationship between individual and the collective. In exploring these contradictions, and in tracing reparative possibilities for new stories of peoplehood, I will, in conclusion, turn to recent literary narratives, and in particular recent historical speculative fiction that revisions the colonial past.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: The Role of Immune System Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Felicia Faienza ◽  
Annamaria Ventura ◽  
Flaviana Marzano ◽  
Luciano Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Estrogen Deprivation ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the last years, new evidences of the relationship between immune system and bone have been accumulated both in animal models and in humans affected by bone disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, bone metastasis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a subsequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. The combined effects of estrogen deprivation and raising of FSH production occurring in menopause cause a marked stimulation of bone resorption and a rapid bone loss which is central for the onset of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review focuses on the role of immune system in postmenopausal osteoporosis and on therapeutic strategies targeting osteoimmunology pathways.

Performance aspiration, industrial search and R&D investment among chinese firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Su ◽  
Taoyong Su
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decision ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Investment In China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose This paper aims to examine the behavioral determinants of firm research and development (R&D) investment in China by looking into the interaction between performance aspiration and industrial search. Design/methodology/approach The author argues that the performance aspiration effect is strengthened in R&D-intensive industries based on the isomorphism rationale, whereas it is weakened by high industry R&D intensity owing to the differentiation rationale. Deriving from the isomorphism and differentiation rationales, the author developed a set of competitive hypotheses and empirically tested them by using a large panel data of 6,539 company-years from China for the period 2001-2003. Findings First, R&D intensity is positively related to the deviation of firm performance from aspiration. Second, industry R&D intensity negatively moderates the relationship between performance aspiration and firm R&D intensity for firms performing above aspiration. Therefore, the results provide support for the differentiation rationale. Originality/value The study contributes to the ongoing research that provides and tests the behavioral explanations for R&D and innovation. By delving into the moderating role of industry R&D intensity, the author advocate the need for contextualizing performance aspiration in industrial environments. The study informs policymakers and business leaders about the interaction between the external environment and internal decision process in R&D investment decision.

scholarly journals Selected Micronutrients: An Option to Boost Immunity against COVID-19 and Prevent Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAWSHERWAN NAWSHERWAN ◽  
Suliman KHAN ◽  
Falak ZEB ◽  
Muhammad SHOAIB ◽  
Ghulam NABI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) negatively affects immune system. It is linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. These complications may be linked with the infections mediated deficiency of micronutrients in pregnant women. COVID-19 cause’s malabsorption of micronutrients thereby increases the risk of their deficiency. Both micronutrients deficiencies and poor micronutrients intake can compromise immune function and may increase the risk of pregnancy complications associated with COVID-19 infection. Vitamin A, C, D, E, and selected minerals iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) are the micronutrients essential for immuno-competency and play a significant role in the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Immune function and pregnancy outcomes can be improved by adequate intake of micronutrients in diet or in supplements form. Based on regulatory links between viral infection, micronutrients, immunity, and pregnancy outcomes, this review highlights the role of micronutrients in boosting immunity to reduce or prevent pregnancy complications in COVID-19 infected women.

scholarly journals Comparisons of lung and gluteus transcriptome profiles between yaks at different ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wei Xin ◽  
Zhi-Xin Chai ◽  
Cheng-Fu Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Activation Status

Abstract The yak, Bos grunniens, is the only large mammal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has been bred to provide meat, milk, and transportation. Previous studies indicate that the immune system contributes to the yak’s adaptation to high-altitude environments. In order to further investigate changes in immune function during yak development, we compared the transcriptome profiles of gluteus and lung tissues among yaks at 6, 30, 60, and 90 months of age. Analyses of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung tissues revealed that immune function was more activated at 6-months and less activated at 90-months than in the 30 and 60-month-old animals. DEG exploration in gluteal tissues revealed that immune functions were more highly activated at both 6 and 90-months, compared with 30 and 60-months. Immune system activation in the muscle and lung tissues of 30-month-old yaks may increase their resistance to infections, while decreased may be due to aging. Furthermore, the higher immune activation status in the gluteal tissues in 90-month-old yaks could be due to muscle injury and subsequent regeneration, which is supported by the fact that 5 unigenes related with muscle injury and 3 related to muscle regeneration displayed greater expression levels at 90-months than at 30 and 60-months. Overall, the present study highlights the important role of the immune system in yak development, which will facilitate future investigations.

scholarly journals Editorial Introduction: Re-envisioning Education in a Globalizing World

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Hiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The Relationship

This special issue focuses on education as a crucial factor mediating the relationship between youth and globalization. Specifically, four papers collectively explore how education can be re-envisioned from the following vantage point: the use of technology to foreground the fundamentally interconnected nature of today’s world; the help of mindfulness to deepen the awareness of such interconnectedness and cultivate a commitment to collective well-being; the role of activism to produce more critical knowledge and transformational solidarity for social justice on a global scale; at the same time, the necessity of reflexivity to examine one’s own ontological and epistemological assumptions before attempting any educational intervention. I argue that this vantage point helps re-envision the existing institutions and practices of education to encourage young people in a globalizing world to learn to live a happy life together by embracing their pluriversal coexistence.

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