scholarly journals Improving Cardiovascular Health through Nudging Healthier Food Choices: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Hilde Mobekk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered major public health problems, and their negative impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is profound. Targeting modifiable risk factors such as dietary habits is therefore of great importance. Many of today’s health challenges with overweight and obesity may have behavioral roots, and traditional methods such as regulations and campaigns are often insufficient to improve dietary choices. Nudging or choice architecture might be a viable tool to influence people’s everyday choices and behaviors to better outcomes. This paper reviews the current state of the rapidly expanding number of experimental field studies that investigate the effects/associations of nudging on healthy food choices. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, where 142 citations were identified. Based on selection criteria, six randomized controlled trials and 15 non-randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. The results of this systematic review show that many of the studies included traffic-light labeling, which may be a promising strategy. The reviewed findings, however, also highlight the challenges that confront experimental studies examining the impact of nudging on diet.

scholarly journals Impact of Ramadan Diurnal Intermittent Fasting on Hypoglycemic Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Abdelrahim ◽  
MoezAlIslam E. Faris ◽  
Mohamed Hassanein ◽  
Ayman Z. Shakir ◽  
Ayesha M. Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Ramadan is the 9th month of the lunar calendar during which Muslims abstain from food and drink between dawn and sunset for 30 consecutive days. Ramadan fasting is observed by all healthy Muslim adults, as well many Muslims with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Hypoglycemic events (HE) are a serious complication associated with diabetes management and are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Conflicting results have been reported concerning the incidence of HE among people with T2DM observing Ramadan fasting. This review summarizes available scientific evidence on the occurrence of HE and the effects of different moderators on the incidence of HE among patients with T2DM during Ramadan. We conducted a systematic review of available observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for patients with T2DM who fasted during Ramadan, with HE as the primary outcome. Ten databases were searched for relevant studies from inception until October 31, 2020. In total, 68 studies (35 RCTs and 33 observational studies) met the inclusion criteria. Non-sulfonylureas hypoglycemic medications showed superior effects in lowering the incidence of HE over sulfonylureas hypoglycemic medications. Variable moderators were associated with experiencing HE during Ramadan in both observational studies and RCTs, including sex, geographical location, body anthropometric indicators, season, dietary behaviors, fasting duration, time since diagnosis, and pre-fasting education. This comprehensive systematic review covered the largest number of observational and clinical studies investigating the impact of Ramadan on HE among patients with T2DM. The study highlights the significance of different moderators that influence the effect of Ramadan fasting on HE, including dietary behaviors, fasting time duration, sex, season, country, pre-fasting education, age, and time since diagnosis. The study also highlighted the impact of different hypoglycemic medications on HE and noted the superiority of non-sulfonylureas over sulfonylureas hypoglycemic medications in lowering the risk for hypoglycemia in people with T2DM during Ramadan fasting.

The Impact of ARC in Human Service Organizations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony L. Hemmelgarn ◽  
Charles Glisson
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Client Outcomes ◽  
Service Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Arc Model ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes empirical support for the ARC model from multiple randomized controlled trials. These trials describe the effects of ARC on organizational culture and climate, organizational priorities, clinicians’ work attitudes, clinicians’ evidence-based practice behaviors, and most importantly, client outcomes. Both the ARC model and the validity of the OSC measurement system are also supported by a number of non-experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Collectively, these studies describe linkages with OSC and related criteria using regional and nationwide samples that are fundamental to explaining the value of the ARC model. Much of this work is referenced throughout the book. In this chapter, the authors focus on the randomized controlled trials to support causal inferences about the effects of ARC, including impact on client outcomes, staff outcomes such as turnover and engagement, as well as impact on evidence-based practices. The evidence also highlights the implications for using ARC strategies in planned efforts to improve service effectiveness.

Risk of hematological toxicities and febrile neutropenia in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
Myo Zaw ◽  
Kyaw Zin Thein ◽  
Aung Tun ◽  
Myat M. Han ◽  
Saba Radhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Febrile Neutropenia ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neutropenic Fever ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

207 Background: Majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor. CDK4/6 signaling plays a role in endocrine therapy resistance and the benefit of inhibition of these pathways has been proven in studies. Yet the impact of these agents on hematological toxicities and febrile neutropenia is a considerable safety concern. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and meeting abstracts from inception through June 2017 were queried. RCTs that mention anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia and neutropenic fever as adverse effects were incorporated in the analysis. Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the estimated pooled risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Random effects model was applied. Results: Five RCTs (four phase 3 and one phase 2 studies) with a total of 2671 patients were eligible for analysis. The study arm used palbociclib-letrozole, palbociclib-fulvestrant, ribociclib-letrozole and abemaciclib-fulvestrant while the control arm utilized placebo in combination with letrozole or fulvestrant. The relative risks (RR) of all-grade side effects were as follows: anemia, 3.77 (95% CI: 2.47 – 5.75, p < 0.0001); thrombocytopenia, 9.69 (95% CI: 4.26 – 22.04, p < 0.0001); leukopenia, 11.68 (95% CI: 8.19–16.65; p < 0.0001); and neutropenia, 14.09 (95% CI: 10.73–18.49; p < 0.0001). The RR of high-grade adverse effects were as follows: anemia, 2.66 (95% CI: 1.29 – 5.45, p = 0.008); thrombocytopenia, 7.08 (95% CI: 1.95 – 25.74, p = 0.003); leukopenia, 33.58 (95% CI: 14.49–77.77; p < 0.0001); and neutropenia, 40.33 (95% CI: 19.34–84.10; p < 0.001). The pooled risk of neutropenic fever was statistically significant at 4.26 (95% CI: 1.11–16.26; p = 0.034). Conclusions: CDK 4/6 inhibitors based regimen significantly contributed to all hematological toxicities as well as febrile neutropenia. These toxicities affect patients’ quality of life, add financial burden and may lead to drug dosing inconsistencies.

The impact of argan oil on plasma lipids in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Ursoniu ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Maria-Corina Serban ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Argan Oil ◽  
The Impact
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