scholarly journals Gene Influence in the Effectiveness of Plant Sterols Treatment in Children: Pilot Interventional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Ismael San Mauro Martín ◽  
Elena Garicano Vilar ◽  
Sara Sanz Rojo ◽  
Luis Collado Yurrita ◽  
Eva Pérez Arruche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Ppar Alpha ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Cardiovascular disease is linked to high serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. Cardiovascular risk may be indirectly influenced by genetic load. Serum LDL-cholesterol levels may be reduced by the consumption of food enriched with plant sterols (PS). The aim was to test a plant sterol treatment on cholesterol levels according to different genetic polymorphisms. A pilot interventional trial was performed in 26 children (n = 16 girls, n = 10 boys). Seven hundred milliliters/day of commercial skimmed milk with added plant sterols delivering 2.2 g plant sterols were ingested for three weeks. Blood draws were performed at the baseline and end of the study. Significant modifications of non-high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p = 0.010; p = 0.013) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.004; p = 0.013) levels appeared in the genes LIPC C-514T and PPAR-α L162V carriers. No statistically significant differences were observed for other genes. LIPC C-514T and PPAR-alpha L162V carriers could benefit from a plant sterol supplement to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia.

Dyslipidaemia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Heinz Drexel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Lipid metabolism has gained cardiological interest only after statins were demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular disease in secondary and primary prevention. Therefore, this chapter first introduces the physiological and atherogenic properties of lipoproteins, before focusing on interventions. Both the efficacy and safety of statins have been proven in numerous randomized clinical trials. Because there is a considerable residual risk in statin-treated patients, additional approaches have been investigated. The focus is now on further reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. First, high-intensity statin regimens were shown to reduce residual risk. Subsequently, ezetimibe was demonstrated, for the first time, to have a beneficial effect as a non-statin lipid intervention. More recently, inhibitors of the enzyme PCSK9 have demonstrated a very high efficacy in reducing LDL cholesterol levels. Although the causality of LDL for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been proven in epidemiological studies, including Mendelian randomization studies, as well as interventional trials, adherence to statins and other therapies is far from optimal. In contrast, interventions to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels could not proven to have further benefits when combined with statins.

scholarly journals Association of PRDM16 rs12409277 and CtBP2 rs1561589 gene polymorphisms with lipid profile of adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nela Maksimovic ◽  
Vanja Vidovic ◽  
Tatjana Damnjanovic ◽  
Biljana Jekic ◽  
Nada Majkic Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose

IntroductionPositive regulatory domain containing 16 (PRDM16) protein represents the key regulator of brown adipose tissue (BAT) development. It induces brown fat phenotype and represses white adipose tissue specific genes through the association with C-terminal binding co-repressor proteins (CtBP1 and CtBP2). In healthy adults presence of BAT has been associated with lower glucose, total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. Our aim was to analyze the association of PRDM16 gene (rs12409277) and CtBP2 gene (rs1561589) polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose level and lipid profile of adolescents.Material and methodsOur study included 295 healthy school children, 145 boys (49.2%) and 150 girls (50.8%), 15 years of age. Genotypes for the selected polymorphisms were detected by the real-time PCR method. Age, gender, height, weight, lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and fasting glucose levels were recorded.ResultsWe did not find a statistically significant association of rs12409277 and rs1561589 polymorphisms with BMI, fasting glucose and lipid profile of adolescents. We further analyzed the combined effect of the two SNPs and the statistical analysis showed that carriers of CT genotype of rs12409277 polymorphism and GG genotype of rs1561589 polymorphism had significantly lower total cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.008) levels compared to all other groups of genotypes.ConclusionsOur study suggests that rs12409277 and rs1561589 polymorphism might have an influence on total and LDL cholesterol levels in adolescents. Larger studies should be performed in order to confirm our results.

Bezafibrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 75-76
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Uk

Bezafibrate (Bezalip - MCP), an analogue of clofibrate (Atromid-S), has been marketed in the UK for two years. Like clofibrate 1 it lowers both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in plasma. The reduction is usually in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, whilst high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol rises. Like other lipid-lowering drugs, it should be used only where appropriate dietary measures have failed and where the hyperlipidaemia poses a significant risk.2

Effect of a Long-Term Fat-Modified Diet on Serum Lipoprotein Levels of Cholesterol and Triglyceride in Patients on Home Haemodialysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Wass ◽  
R. J. Jarrett ◽  
V. Meilton ◽  
M. K. Start ◽  
M. Mattock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Home Haemodialysis ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Modified Diet

1. Changes in serum total and lipoprotein fraction triglyceride and cholesterol levels were studied in 24 adults on home haemodialysis. Half the patients were randomly allocated to a low cholesterol (mean 200 mg/day), fat-modified diet (mean polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 1.0 with a mean of 43% of the total energy content derived from fat). 2. Before dietary manipulation, triglyceride levels in all lipoprotein fractions were significantly higher (P < 0.02) than in a control group of age and sex matched normal subjects. Total cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were also significantly raised (P < 0.02), but high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was normal. In the patients on a fat-modified diet triglyceride levels did not alter in any of the lipoprotein fractions. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels fell significantly into the normal range (P < 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively) but VLDL and HDL cholesterol levels did not change. 3. Hypertriglyceridaemia is the most common lipid abnormality in patients with renal failure and a long-term fat-modified diet is, therefore, of limited therapeutic importance in these patients unless there is a low HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio.

Lipid Levels in Schoolchildren in North East England: Effects of Feeding and Age

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Azad ◽  
S Court ◽  
J M Parkin ◽  
M F Laker ◽  
K G M M Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
North East ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoB concentrations were estimated and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated in 132 children aged 11·4–17·3 years. The effect of feeding was investigated by estimating postprandial values and also by studying the effects of a test meal. The distribution of all data was consistent with Gaussian apart from triglycerides which was log normal. Overall fasting values were [mean (standard deviation; SD)] cholesterol 4·5 (0·8) mmol/L, HDL cholesterol 1·5 (0·4) mmol/L, LDL cholesterol 2·6 (0·8) mmol/L, apoA-I 1·5 (0·3) g/L, apoB 1·0 (0·4) g/L and triglycerides 0·76 (0·38–1·51) mmol/L, the values for triglycerides being mean (95% confidence intervals). Girls had higher triglycerides than boys [0·82 (0·43–1·54) versus 0·70 (0·36–1·33)] and different effects of age on lipids were found, HDL cholesterol being negatively correlated with age in boys ( r= −0·37; P<0·001), but not in girls, and apoA-I being negatively correlated with age in boys ( r= −0·31; P=0·006), but positively correlated with age in girls ( r = 0·32; P = 0·008). Triglycerides rose and HDL cholesterol fell following feeding and inconsistent effects were seen on apoA-I and apoB.

Removal and Recovery of Cholesterol in Thermofiltration

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takeyama ◽  
P.S. Malchesky ◽  
M.D. Cressman ◽  
M. Yamashita ◽  
T. Horiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
On Line

Thermofiltration, a system of membrane plasmapheresis for LDL apheresis, was applied to the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients to assess its lipid lowering potential, clinical feasibility and post-treatment lipid recovery. Plasma separated by a membrane separator was warmed above physiologic temperature, filtered with a plasma filter and returned to the patient on-line without requiring supplemental plasma product infusion. One calculated plasma volume was treated. Treatment schedules were weekly, biweekly or monthly. Patients treated by thermofiltration in this study were diagnosed as type II hypercholesterolemia. Reductions and sievings of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were evaluated. In addition, post-treatment solute recovery was assessed. The reduction ratios of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 0.31 ± 0.08 and 0.58 ± 0.08, respectively (mean ± S.D. of 7 patients). Sieving coefficients of the plasma filter for HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 0.62 ± 0.12 and 0.03 ± 0.02, respectively (mean ± S.D. of 32 treatments). Cholesterol reduction fitted well to a single pool model. HDL cholesterol recovered significantly faster than LDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol recovery differed among individuals. For some patients total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were lowered by the biweekly treatment while for others the weekly treatment was required. Significant removal of LDL cholesterol with sparing of HDL cholesterol was achieved without the requirement for plasma products.

The effects of hormone implants on serum lipoproteins and steroid hormones in bilaterally oophorectomised women

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Farish ◽  
C. D. Fletcher ◽  
D. M. Hart ◽  
F. Al. Azzawi ◽  
H. I. Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Serum Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Transient Rise

Abstract. Serum lipoproteins were measured over a period of 6 months in 14 oophorectomised women treated with oestrogen implants (50 mg oestradiol-17β) and 17 oophorectomised women treated with oestrogen/testosterone implants (50 mg oestradiol-17β, 100 mg testosterone). Both types of implant caused only minimal changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased with both types of implant and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol rose with the oestrogen implants. HDL subfractions were also measured. The oestrogen implants caused a transient rise in HDL2 cholesterol levels at 2 months and a slower rise in HDL3 cholesterol. The oestrogen/testosterone implants had no effect on HDL fractions. The results indicate that hormone implants do not cause the profound changes in lipoproteins associated with oral hormone therapy.

Effect of ascorbate on serum lipids and urate metabolism during exhaustive training

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekatsu YANAI ◽  
Mie MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Physical activity is associated with beneficial changes in serum lipids, but exhaustive exercise has been suggested to increase oxidative stress. To test the effect of ascorbate (vitamin C) on serum lipids and the metabolism of urate, which is the most important intrinsic antioxidant, during exhaustive exercise, we performed a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study on eight male well-trained athletes. subjects were randomly allocated to either a group given 1000 mg of ascorbate daily (n=4) or a placebo group (n=4). Fasting serum lipids and urate concentrations were measured before and after 3 weeks of training. Although serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels decreased and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels increased significantly in the ascorbate group after the 3 weeks of training, serum LDL-cholesterol levels increased and HDL-cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the placebo group. Furthermore, serum urate levels were elevated significantly in the placebo group; however, these levels did not change in the ascorbate group. When compared with the placebo group, significantly higher serum HDL-cholesterol and lower serum LDL-cholesterol and urate levels were observed in the ascorbate group after training. In conclusion, our results suggested that ascorbate may contribute to the desirable changes in serum lipids during exhaustive training and suggest the significant association between ascorbate and urate under intense training.

Dyslipidaemia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Heinz Drexel
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Lipid metabolism has gained cardiological interest only after statins were demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular disease in secondary and primary prevention. Therefore, this chapter first introduces the physiological and atherogenic properties of lipoproteins, before focusing on interventions. Both the efficacy and safety of statins have been proven in numerous randomized clinical trials. Because there is a considerable residual risk in statin-treated patients, additional approaches have been investigated. The focus is now on further reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. First, high-intensity statin regimens were shown to reduce residual risk. Subsequently, ezetimibe was demonstrated, for the first time, to have a beneficial effect as a non-statin lipid intervention. More recently, inhibitors of the enzyme PCSK9 have demonstrated a very high efficacy in reducing LDL cholesterol levels. Although the causality of LDL for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been proven in epidemiological studies, including Mendelian randomization studies, as well as interventional trials, adherence to statins and other therapies is far from optimal. In contrast, interventions to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels could not proven to have further benefits when combined with statins.

Association between Serum Copper and Serum Lipids in Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Song ◽  
Weijing Wang ◽  
Zongyao Li ◽  
Dongfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
High Tc

Background: As an essential trace element, copper has been considered to play an important role in lipid metabolism. However, the associations of serum copper with lipid concentration and dyslipidemia are still controversial. Methods: We used the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the relationship between serum copper and lipid concentration among participants aged 20 years and older. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to estimate the differences in the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between serum copper and the risk of dyslipidemia. Results: A total of 2,678 subjects were eligible for our analyses. The multivariable adjusted average differences (95% CIs) comparing the highest to the lowest copper tertile were 8.42 (1.45–15.38) mg/dL for TC, and 2.96 (0.02–5.90) mg/dL for HDL cholesterol. Compared with the lowest tertile of serum copper, participants had significantly higher risks of High-TC dyslipidemia (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02–2.08) in tertile 3 and High-LDL cholesterol dyslipidemia (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.03–2.14) in tertile 2 after adjusting for covariates. In the stratified analyses, we found that the copper-dyslipidemia association was statistically significant in women and subjects younger than 45 years of age. Conclusion: High serum copper was associated with elevated serum concentrations of TC and HDL cholesterol, and was associated with increased risks of High-TC and High-LDL cholesterol dyslipidemia. However, the real association between serum copper and serum lipids should be verified in larger prospective cohort studies in ­future.

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