scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Intake Timing on Post-Exercise Glycogen Accumulation and its Related Signaling Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahashi ◽  
Matsunaga ◽  
Banjo ◽  
Takahashi ◽  
Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the effects of nutrient intake timing on glycogen accumulation and its related signals in skeletal muscle after an exercise that did not induce large glycogen depletion. Male ICR mice ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min under a fed condition. Mice were orally administered a solution containing 1.2 mg/g carbohydrate and 0.4 mg/g protein or water either immediately (early nutrient, EN) or 180 min (late nutrient, LN) after the exercise. Tissues were harvested at 30 min after the oral administration. No significant difference in blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations was found between the EN and LN groups. The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the EN group—but not in the LN group—compared to the respective time-matched control group. Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher in the EN group than in the time-matched control group (p < 0.01), while LN had no effect. Positive main effects of time were found for the phosphorylations in Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Thr642 (p < 0.05), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172 (p < 0.01), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase Ser79 (p < 0.01); however, no effect of nutrient intake was found for these. We showed that delayed nutrient intake could not increase muscle glycogen after endurance exercise which did not induce large glycogen depletion. The results also suggest that post-exercise muscle glycogen accumulation after nutrient intake might be partly influenced by Akt activation. Meanwhile, increased AS160 and AMPK activation by post-exercise fasting might not lead to glycogen accumulation.

scholarly journals Educational attainment of children born to mothers with epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arron S Lacey ◽  
William Owen Pickrell ◽  
Rhys H Thomas ◽  
Mike P Kerr ◽  
Cathy P White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1

ObjectiveSmall prospective studies have identified that children exposed to valproate in utero have poorer scores on cognitive testing. We wanted to identify whether children exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in utero have poorer school performance.MethodsWe used anonymised, linked, routinely collected healthcare records to identify children born to mothers with epilepsy. We linked these children to their national attainment Key Stage 1 (KS1) tests in mathematics, language and science at the age of 7 and compared them with matched children born to mothers without epilepsy, and with the national KS1 results. We used the core subject indicator (CSI) as an outcome measure (the proportion of children achieving a minimum standard in all subjects) and the results in individual subjects.ResultsWe identified 440 children born to mothers with epilepsy with available KS1 results. Compared with a matched control group, fewer children with mothers being prescribed sodium valproate during pregnancy achieved the national minimum standard in CSI (−12.7% less than the control group), mathematics (−12.1%), language (−10.4%) and in science (−12.2%). Even fewer children with mothers being prescribed multiple AEDs during pregnancy achieved a national minimum standard: CSI (by −20.7% less than the control group), mathematics (−21.9%), language (−19.3%) and science (−19.4%). We did not observe any significant difference in children whose mothers were prescribed carbamazepine or were not taking an AED when compared with the control group.ConclusionsIn utero exposure to AEDs in combination, or sodium valproate alone, is associated with a significant decrease in attainment in national educational tests for 7-year-old children compared with both a matched control group and the all-Wales national average. These results give further support to the cognitive and developmental effects of in utero exposure to sodium valproate as well as multiple AEDs, which should be balanced against the need for effective seizure control for women during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Elevated echocardiographic markers for left atrial stiffness and fibrosis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bastos ◽  
F Al-Khalili ◽  
M Back ◽  
A Manouras ◽  
J Engdahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Danderyds Hospital Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial disease expressing left atrial (LA) structural remodeling with increased fibrosis and stiffness. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of LA volume index (LAVI) and function. However TTE allows new approaches for LA anatomical and functional analysis such as LA stiffness index (LASI) calculation based on LA global longitudinal strain (GLS), LA activation time and LA Integrated Backscatter (IBS). LA activation time is a novel parameter, considered as an echocardiographic surrogate analysis for LA fibrosis. Echocardiographic derived IBS can noninvasively quantify myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricle, allowing a similar alternative analysis for LA fibrosis. Purpose To investigate potential  LA structural and functional changes in paroxysmal AF patients by measuring LA activation time, LASI and LA IBS compared with age-matched control group. Methods In total, 75 paroxysmal AF patients and 99 age-matched control group patients (mean age 77 ± 0.4) were enrolled from STROKESTOP2 study. Patients with paroxysmal AF were included from a subgroup of newly screened-diagnosed AF. TTE examinations were analyzed retrospectively offline using dedicated software. NTproBNP levels ( ≤ 900 ng/L) was an enrollment criterium. LA activation time was acquired by measuring the time delay between the onset of the P-wave on ECG and the peak of the Á –wave on the Tissue Doppler (TD) tracing in the lateral LA wall. LASI was calculated as the ratio of E/é to LA-GLS. LA IBS was obtained as the intensity difference between the LA lateral wall and the pericardium, at QRS peak. Results There was a significant increase of LASI (0.53 ± 0.21 vs. 0.41 ± 0.22, P &lt; 0.05) and LA IBS (14 ± 7.1 dB vs. 11 ± 6.3 dB, P &lt; 0.05) in the AF group compared to the control group. Feasibility for LASI resulted as 64 %, respectively 91 % for LA IBS. LA activation time was significantly prolonged in the AF group (157 ± 34 ms vs. 134 ± 18 ms, P &lt; 0.05) with a feasibility of 44 %. In the AF group, 45 patients (60 %) expressed normal LAVI &lt;34 ml/m2. No significant difference was revealed concerning LAVI (P &gt; 0.05) between the groups (AF group with normal LAVI). Although LASI, LA IBS and LA activation time remained significant increased in the AF group (P &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was shown regarding NT-proBNP levels. (P &gt; 0.05) between the AF group 243 (179-420) ng/L and the control group 219 (160-317) ng/L. Conclusions Indices reflecting LA stiffness and echocardiographic parameters associated with LA fibrosis, were elevated in patients with paroxysmal AF compared to age-matched controls. These findigs might non-invasively provide additional information in paroxysmal AF patients with normal LA size.

scholarly journals The Cavovarus Foot and It’s Association with Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0001
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuchs ◽  
Justin Kane ◽  
James Brodsky ◽  
Christian Royer ◽  
Jacob Zide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metatarsal Fracture ◽  
Metatarsal Fractures ◽  
Foot Position

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Fifth metatarsal fractures are the most commonly encountered metatarsal fractures. It is often inferred that fifth metatarsal fractures occur at an increased frequency in patients with cavovarus foot position. In particular, zone 2 and zone 3 fractures are thought to be associated with cavovarus feet. However, limited data exists in the literature to support this claim. The hypothesis of this study is that a cavovarus foot alignment is positively correlated with the incidence of fifth metatarsal fractures. Methods: 298 consecutive fifth metatarsal fractures were compared with a matched control group of 104 patients presenting to an orthopaedic clinic for toe fractures, interdigital neuromas and plantar fasciitis. Radiographic parameters were measured on weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral x-rays for all patients. An ANOVA test was utilized to compare radiographic parameters between patients with fifth metatarsal fractures and the control group. Parameters that were found to be statistically significant were further analyzed using a Tukey-Kramer test to compare controls and each type of fifth metatarsal fracture (zone 1, zone 2, zone 3, distal oblique diaphyseal, metatarsal neck). Results: All radiographic parameters are listed in table 1. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) for calcaneal pitch, lateral talocalcaneal angle, AP talo-2nd metatarsal angle, talonavicular coverage angle and AP talocalcaneal angle were detected. All parameters are indicative of increased cavovarus in the fifth metatarsal fracture group when compared with controls. In the subgroup analysis, zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and distal oblique diaphyseal fractures each had a calcaneal pitch, lateral talocalcaneal angle and AP talocalcaneal angle consistent with a more cavovarus position than the control group (p<0.05). Zone 2 and zone 3 fractures had an AP talo-2nd metatarsal angle more consistent with cavovarus than zone 1 fractures and controls. For all other parameters there were no significant differences between each type of fifth metatarsal fracture. Conclusion: While it is commonly accepted that cavovarus is a risk factor for fifth metatarsal fractures, there’s little evidence in the literature to support this. This study is the first to show that there is a positive correlation between radiographic parameters that reflect cavovarus foot position and the incidence of fifth metatarsal fractures compared to a matched control group of patients with unrelated pathology. Furthermore, while zone 2 and zone 3 fractures are most commonly thought to be associated with cavovarus, each subcategory of fifth metatarsal fractures in this study had radiographic measurements more consistent with cavovarus foot position than controls.

scholarly journals Intact Ligamentum Teres Predicts Superior Prognosis in Borderline Dysplastic Patients: A Matched Pair Controlled Study with Minimum Five-Year Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0042
Author(s):  
Benjamin Domb ◽  
Sarah Chen ◽  
Rafael Walker-Santiago ◽  
Jacob Shapira ◽  
Philip Rosinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroscopy ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Ligamentum Teres ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Center Edge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported

Objectives: (1) To report minimum five-year patient reported outcomes (PROs) in borderline dysplastic patients with ligamentum teres (LT) tears who underwent hip arthroscopy and (2) to compare these PROs to a pair-matched control group of borderline dysplastic hips without LT tears. Methods: Data was prospectively collected for patients who underwent hip arthroscopy during September 2008 and August 2013. Patients were included if had a preoperative diagnosis of borderline dysplasia [lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) of 18°- 25°] and had preoperative and minimum five-year postoperative modified Harris Hip Scores (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Scores (NAHS), and Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS) scores. Exclusion criteria were Tönnis grade osteoarthritis >1, previous hip conditions, any prior ipsilateral hip surgery, or workers’ compensation status. Two borderline dysplastic groups were created. An LT tear group was matched 1:1 to a control group (no LT tear) with similar age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and laterality via propensity score matching. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: 24 LT tear patients (24 hips) were matched 24 patients (24 hips) without an LT tear. There was no significant difference in age, sex, BMI, or laterality between groups. Mean age was 36.2 ± 17.2 and 34.9 ± 15.9 years for the control and LT tear group, respectively (P = 0.783). There were 17 (70.8%) and 16 (66.7%) females in the control and LT tear group, respectively and the mean preoperative LCEA was 23.3° and 22.2° in the control and LT tear group, respectively. No differences were observed between groups in baseline PROs, intraoperative findings, or surgical procedures, except for LT treatment. Five-year postoperative PROs were comparable in both groups, with the control group exhibiting superior Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Mental Component (VR-12M) (P = 0.041) and Short Format 12 Mental Health (SF-12M) (P = 0.042). The control group exhibited less pain and higher satisfaction with surgery; however, this trend was not significant. Finally, the LT tear group was significantly less likely to achieve the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for mHHS (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Following hip arthroscopy, patients with borderline dysplasia and LT tears demonstrated favorable PROs at minimum five-year follow-up. Outcomes were similar to a pair-matched control group without LT tears, with the control group showing higher VR-12M and SF-12M scores. Furthermore, borderline dysplastic patients with LT tears were significantly less likely to achieve the PASS for mHHS.

Does having a rotator cuff repair prior to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty influence the outcome?

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Erickson ◽  
D. Ling ◽  
A. Wong ◽  
J. J. Eno ◽  
J. S. Dines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cuff Repair

Aims The number of rotator cuff repairs that are undertaken is increasing. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is the procedure of choice for patients with rotator cuff arthropathy. We sought to determine whether patients who underwent rotator cuff repair and subsequent RSA had different outcomes compared with a matched control group who underwent RSA without a previous rotator cuff repair. Patients and Methods All patients with a history of rotator cuff repair who underwent RSA between 2000 and 2015 with a minimum follow-up of two years were eligible for inclusion as the study group. Outcomes, including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, were compared with a matched control group of patients who underwent RSA without having previously undergone rotator cuff repair. Results The study group included 45 patients. Their mean age was 69 years (sd 8.6) and 27 patients (60%) were women. The mean ASES score improved from 43.1 to 76.6 two years postoperatively, and to 66.9 five years postoperatively. There was no significant difference between the outcomes at two years in the two groups (all p ≥ 0.05), although there was significantly more improvement in ASES scores in the control group (44.5 vs 33.4; p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between ASES scores at two and five years when baseline ASES scores were matched in the two groups (p = 0.42 at two years; p = 0.35 at five years). Conclusion Significant improvements in ASES scores were seen following RSA in patients who had previously undergone rotator cuff repair. They had higher baseline ASES scores than those who had not previously undergone this surgery. However, there was no significant difference in outcomes between the two groups, two years postoperatively. Previous rotator cuff repair does not appear to affect the early outcome after RSA adversely.

Circular vection in patients with age-related macular degeneration

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Fushiki ◽  
Satoru Takata ◽  
Yasunori Nagaki ◽  
Yukio Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Circular Vection ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

We have used optokinetic stimulation in patients with unilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central scotoma to investigate the possible contribution of the central visual field to circular vection (CV). Six patients aged 42–73 years with unilateral AMD and an aged-matched control group of nine elderly adults aged 47–75 years were examined. Monocular visual field defects were verified with the Goldmann perimeter by kinetic perimetry. The device used to induce CV was a random dot pattern projected onto a hemispherical dome with a radius of 75 cm. The pattern was rotated horizontally at a constant acceleration of 1 deg/s 2 . Monocular stimuli were randomly repeated two to three times in both temporal-nasal (T-N) and nasal-temporal (N-T) directions. The latency of onset of CV was measured for each stimulus presentation. In the age-matched control group the CV latencies varied from 4.2 to 72.0 s. In each case, however, the CV latencies were stable. No significant differences in CV latencies were found between right and left eyes in both stimulus directions ( p > 0.05). In patients with AMD, no statistically significant difference in CV latency was found between the affected and unaffected eyes ( p > 0.05). Marked central visual field loss in AMD does not significantly impair peripherally induced CV. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that the peripheral retina dominates CV.

scholarly journals Fitness Matters as We Age: A Celebration of the VA Gerofit Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 771-771
Author(s):  
Miriam Morey ◽  
Cathy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In recognition of the GSA’s 75th Anniversary “Why Age Matters” we celebrate the 7th anniversary of the Gerofit dissemination initiative. Gerofit is an exercise and health promotion program for older Veterans that has been declared a Veterans Health Administration (VA) “Best Practice” and been disseminated to 17 VA’s across the country. Over 7000 Veterans have participated in Gerofit initiated programs and have reported robust outcomes including improved quality of life, physical and mental health, and high levels of satisfaction with the programs. For this symposium, we focus on newly acquired program outcomes that emphasize the importance of fitness as we age. The first paper compares hospitalization and emergency room visits between individuals participating in Gerofit for 12 months compared to a matched control group. The second paper describes four-year trajectories of physical performance to highlight the impact of becoming fit over expected normative trajectories. The third paper examines outcomes of a home-based geriatric walking clinic. The fourth paper describes the impact of exercise adherence on chronic pain. The fifth paper describes changes in medication utilization compared to a matched control group following 12-months of supervised exercise. These papers highlight the importance of fitness as a contributor to overall health during the aging process and celebrates that fitness matters, no matter when you start!

Survival of BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer patients: a population-based study from southern Sweden.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
O T Jóhannsson ◽  
J Ranstam ◽  
A Borg ◽  
H Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Brca1 Mutation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Group Survival

PURPOSE Recent studies indicate that BRCA1 breast and ovarian tumors may have an advantageous survival. In this population-based study, the survival of carriers of a mutated BRCA1 gene was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS The survival of 71 BRCA1-associated cancer patients (33 breast cancer, seven breast and ovarian cancer, and 31 ovarian cancer patients from 21 families with BRCA1 germline mutations) diagnosed after 1958 was compared with that of a population-based comparison group that consisted of all other invasive breast (n = 28,281) and ovarian (n = 7,011) cancers diagnosed during 1958 to 1995, as well as an age- and stage-matched control group. RESULTS No apparent survival advantage was found for BRCA1-associated breast cancers upon direct comparison. After adjustment for age and calendar year of diagnosis, survival was equal to or worse than that of the comparison group (hazards ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 2.4). In comparison with an age- and stage-matched control group, survival again appeared equal or worse (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.6 to 3.7). For BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers, an initial survival advantage was noted that disappeared with time. Due to this time dependency, multivariate analyses cannot adequately be analyzed. Compared with the age- and stage-matched control group, survival again appeared equal or worse (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5 to 2.8). CONCLUSION The results suggest that survival for carriers of a BRCA1 mutation may be similar, or worse than, that for breast and ovarian cancer in general. This finding is in accordance with the adverse histopathologic features observed in BRCA1 tumors and underlines the need for surveillance in families that carry a BRCA1 mutation.

scholarly journals Effects of Oral Resveratrol Supplementation on Glycogen Replenishment and Mitochondria Biogenesis in Exercised Human Skeletal Muscle

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3721
Author(s):  
Chun-Ching Huang ◽  
Chia-Chen Liu ◽  
Jung-Piao Tsao ◽  
Chin-Lin Hsu ◽  
I-Shiung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Resynthesis ◽  
Mitochondria Biogenesis

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral resveratrol supplementation on the key molecular gene expressions involved in mitochondria biogenesis and glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle. Nine young male athletes participated in the single-blind and crossover designed study. All subjects completed a 4-day resveratrol and placebo supplement in a randomized order while performing a single bout of cycling exercise. Immediately after the exercise challenge, the subjects consumed a carbohydrate (CHO) meal (2 g CHO/Kg body mass) with either resveratrol or placebo capsules. Biopsied muscle samples, blood samples and expired gas samples were obtained at 0 h and 3 h after exercise. The muscle samples were measured for gene transcription factor expression by real-time PCR for glucose uptake and mitochondria biogenesis. Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and respiratory exchange ratio were analyzed during post-exercise recovery periods. The results showed that the muscle glycogen concentrations were higher at 3 h than at 0 h; however, there were no difference between resveratrol trial and placebo trial. There were no significantly different concentrations in plasma parameters between the two trials. Similarly, no measured gene expressions were significant between the two trials. The evidence concluded that the 4-day oral resveratrol supplementation did not improve post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and related glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis gene expression in men.

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