scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Reported Exposure to Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Promotions and Intake: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2017 International Food Policy Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Forde ◽  
Martin White ◽  
Louis Levy ◽  
Felix Greaves ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Policy ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Policy Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is independently associated with several non-communicable diseases, so policymakers are increasingly implementing measures, such as marketing regulation, to reduce intake. To help understand how such measures work, this study examined the association between SSB consumption and self-reported exposure to SSB promotions, both overall and by type of promotion, and whether these relationships vary between the UK, USA, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. Cross-sectional analysis of the online 2017 International Food Policy Study was performed (n = 15,515). Participants were grouped into 5265 (34%) non-, 5117 (33%) low-, and 5133 (33%) high-SSB consumers. Multinomial logistic regression models examined whether SSB consumption varied by exposure to total SSB promotion and by type: traditional, digital, recreational environment, and functional environment. Multiplicative interactions were included to investigate international variations. An additional unit of total self-reported SSB promotion exposure increased the likelihood of participants being low SSB consumers (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.10) and high SSB consumers (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.11–1.16). Only exposure to traditional and digital promotion increased the likelihood of participants being SSB consumers, though this may be explained by degree of exposure, which was not measured in this study. Some evidence illustrated international variation in these relationships.

scholarly journals Adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake is Associated With Parent Intake, Not Knowledge of Health Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lundeen ◽  
Sohyun Park ◽  
Stephen Onufrak ◽  
Solveig Cunningham ◽  
Heidi M. Blanck
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Parent Knowledge ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sweetened Beverage

Purpose: To examine associations of adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake with parent SSB intake and parent and adolescent knowledge of SSB-related health risks. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional. Setting: 2014 SummerStyles survey. Subjects: Nine hundred and ninety parent and adolescent (12-17 years) pairs. Measures: The outcome was self-reported adolescent intake (0, >0 to <1, or ≥1 time/day) of SSBs (soda, fruit drinks, sports/energy drinks, other SSBs). The exposures were self-reported parent SSB intake (0, >0 to <1, ≥1 to <2, or ≥2 times/day) and parent and adolescent knowledge of SSB-related health risks (weight gain, diabetes, and dental caries). Analysis: Separate multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for adolescent SSB intake ≥1 time/day (ref: 0 times/day), according to (1) parent SSB intake and (2) parent and (3) adolescent knowledge. Results: About 31% of adolescents consumed SSBs ≥1 time/day, and 43.2% of parents consumed SSBs ≥2 times/day. Adolescent and parent knowledge that SSB intake is related to health conditions ranged from 60.7% to 80.4%: weight gain (75.0% and 80.4%, respectively), diabetes (60.7% and 71.4%, respectively), and dental caries (77.5% and 72.9%, respectively). In adjusted models, adolescent SSB intake ≥1 time/day was associated with parent intake ≥2 times/day (aOR = 3.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.62-6.74) but not with parent or adolescent knowledge of health risks. Conclusion: Parental SSB intake may be an important factor in understanding adolescent behavior; knowledge of SSB-related health conditions alone may not influence adolescent SSB behavior.

scholarly journals Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Mortality among Black and Hispanic Patients: Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Greater Houston Metropolitan Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Pan ◽  
Osman Khan ◽  
Jennifer Meeks ◽  
Marc Boom ◽  
Faisal Masud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Disparate racial and ethnic burdens of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may be attributable to higher susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or to factors such as differences in hospitalization and care provision. In our cross-sectional analysis of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases from a tertiary, eight-hospital healthcare system (Houston Methodist) across greater Houston, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the odds of hospitalization and mortality for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) vs. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics. Between March 3rd and July 18th, 2020, 70,496 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 12,084 (17.1%) tested positive, of whom 3,536 (29.3%) were hospitalized. Among positive cases, NHBs and Hispanics were significantly younger than NHWs and Hispanics, respectively (mean age NHBs vs. NHWs: 46.0 vs. 51.7 year and Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic: 44.0 vs. 48.7 years). Despite younger age, NHBs (vs. NHWs) had a higher prevalence of diabetes (25.2%), hypertension (47.7%), and chronic kidney disease (5.0%). Both minority groups resided in lower median income and higher population density areas. In fully adjusted models, NHBs and Hispanics had higher likelihoods of hospitalization, aOR (CI): 1.42 (1.24-1.63) and 1.61 (1.46-1.78), respectively. No differences were observed in intensive care unit (ICU) utilization or treatment parameters. Models adjusted for demographics, vital signs, laboratory parameters, hospital complications, and ICU admission demonstrated non-significantly lower likelihoods of in-hospital mortality among NHBs and Hispanics, aOR (CI): 0.65 (0.40-1.03) and 0.89 (0.59-1.31), respectively. Our data did not demonstrate racial and ethnic differences in care provision and hospital outcomes. Higher susceptibility of racial and ethnic minorities to SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent hospitalization may be driven primarily by social determinants.

scholarly journals Impact of Knowledge of Health Conditions on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Varies Among US Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1402-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyun Park ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lundeen ◽  
Liping Pan ◽  
Heidi M. Blanck
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adult Behavior ◽  
Sweetened Beverage

Purpose: This study examined associations between knowledge of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB)-related health conditions and SSB intake among US adults. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Subject: The 2014 SummerStyles survey data for 4163 US adults (≥18 years) were used. Measures: The outcome measure was frequency of SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sports or energy drinks, sweetened coffee/tea drinks). Exposure measures were knowledge of 6 SSB-related health conditions: weight gain, diabetes, cavities, high cholesterol, heart disease, and hypertension. Analysis: Six logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d according to knowledge of SSB-related health conditions. Results: Overall, 37.8% of adults reported consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d. Although most adults identified that weight gain (80.2%), diabetes (73.6%), and cavities (71.8%) are related to drinking SSBs, fewer adults identified high cholesterol (24.1%), heart disease (31.5%), and hypertension (33.0%) as being related to drinking SSBs. Crude analyses indicated that lower SSB intake was significantly associated with knowledge of the associations between SSBs and weight gain, diabetes, cavities, and heart disease. However, after adjustment for covariates, only lack of knowledge of the association between heart disease and SSBs was significantly associated with consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d (OR = 1.29) than non-SSB consumers. Conclusions: The finding that knowledge of SSB-related health conditions, in general, was not associated with high SSB intake suggests that knowledge on SSB-related health conditions alone may not be sufficient for adult behavior change.

scholarly journals Public perception and characteristics related to acceptance of the sugar-sweetened beverage taxation launched in France in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Julia ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Florence Vicari ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
Serge Hercberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveIn France, an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages was introduced on 1 January 2012. Our objective was to assess perception of this tax as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of its supporters and opponents.DesignCross-sectional study within the Nutrinet-Santé cohort. A sub-sample of 1996 individuals was selected among participants in the Nutrinet-Santé cohort study. Perceptions of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax were assessed via self-administered questionnaires. The sociodemographic and dietary profiles of supporters and opponents of this tax were explored by multinomial logistic regression.SettingNationally representative French sample, 2012.SubjectsAdults aged >18 years (largest sample n 1996).ResultsHalf of the study sample was generally supportive of the tax and 57·7 % perceived it as helpful in improving population health. Participants were more likely to support the tax model if the revenue it generated would be used for health-care system improvement (72·7 %) and if such taxing was associated with a corresponding decrease in the prices of other foodstuffs (71·5 %). Older participants were more likely to support the tax than were their younger counterparts (OR=2·37; 95 % CI 1·60, 3·49 for >65 years v. 26–45 years; P<0·001). Participants with lower educational levels were less likely to support the tax than were those with more formal education (OR=0·31; 95 % CI 0·19, 0·52 for low educational level v. high education level; P<0·001). In our models, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was not associated with tax perception.ConclusionsThe French sugar-sweetened beverage tax appeared to be favourably perceived by the public. Sociodemographic factors modulated such perceptions and should thus be taken into consideration when drafting future public health measures.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Clinicoepidemiological Features of Vitiligo: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Patil ◽  
Manjyot Gautam ◽  
Nitin Nadkarni ◽  
Neha Saboo ◽  
Kiran Godse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background. Vitiligo has important clinical and social consequences particularly in the pigmented skin. The present study was conducted to assess the differences in clinicoepidemiological presentation of vitiligo in males and females and to understand the factors associated with spread of vitiligo in them. Methods. This is a cross-sectional analysis of secondary clinical data of 168 vitiligo patients at a tertiary medical centre at Navi Mumbai. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between gender and clinical characteristics of vitiligo and to evaluate the factors associated with spread of vitiligo. Results. There were no significant differences between the mean ages of males and females; however, males reported a longer duration of disease (6.9 (10.4) years) compared with females (4.9 (7.4) years). Males were significantly more likely to report a family history of vitiligo compared with females (adjusted OR (aOR): 16.87, 95% CI: 2.16 to 131.69). Even though females were more likely to report spread of lesions, the association was not statistically significant (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.62 to 2.36). Discussion. The differences in the clinical presentations between genders highlight the need to understand the different factors (possibly genetic) that may play a part in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease in males and females.

scholarly journals Breaking the myths of competition: a cross-sectional analysis of injuries among CrossFit trained participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Feito ◽  
Evanette Burrows ◽  
Loni Tabb ◽  
Kerri-Anne Ciesielka
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Crossfit Training ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the injury rates of individuals engaged in CrossFit training and examine the risk of injury associated with competition.Study designCross-sectional analysis.MethodsDescriptive statistics, including injury incidence and rates, were examined for individuals reporting participation in a CrossFit sanctioned competition between 2013 and 2017. To examine the odds of being injured, we considered logistic regression models, where the primary independent measure was participation length—individual measures of interest included age, sex, body mass index, CrossFit affiliation and competition status.Results3049 individuals completed the survey (60% completion rate). All competitors, regardless of competition level, had similar incidence of injury (χ2=1.1, p=0.571). For those who reported competing, our calculated injury rate was 0.21–0.54 injuries per 1000 training hours, while for those not competing, the injury rate was calculated as 0.39–1.30 injuries per 1000 training hours. Logistic regression demonstrated short length of participation in CrossFit training as the main factor associated with the odds of being injured (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.92). Additionally, training at an official CrossFit affiliate appeared to have a protective effect from injury (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.10).ConclusionOur findings provide evidence of the low risk of injury related to these events. Moreover, these findings support the notion that musculoskeletal injuries may be the result of poor progression plans, which may be minimised by participating in an official CrossFit affiliate.

Obesity, abdominal obesity and migraine: A cross-sectional analysis of ELSA-Brasil baseline data

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Alessandra C Goulart ◽  
Valeria M Passos ◽  
Maria del Carmen Molina ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Standard Techniques

Background and aim: Most studies assessing the association between migraine and obesity have shown conflicting results. We aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and migraine in ELSA-Brasil, a cohort study of 15,105 individuals aged 35–74 years. Methods: We assessed migraine using a validated questionnaire based on International Headache Society criteria and anthropometric measurements using standard techniques. Migraine was categorized as daily and non-daily. World Health Organization criteria were used to categorize overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity (AbO). We performed a cross-sectional analysis using multivariate logistic regression models to study the association between migraine and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), compared to controls without migraine. Results: We found an association between daily migraine and obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.86; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.12–3.09). Although the presence of AbO was not associated with migraine, interaction models showed that the association between obesity and daily migraine remained strong only in the absence of AbO diagnosis, notably in individuals aged 35–49 years. Discussion: In our large sample of individuals aged 35 years or older, obesity, but not AbO, was associated with daily migraine. AbO influenced the association between BMI and daily migraine in migraineurs aged 35–49 years.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among Chilean Preschoolers and Adolescents in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Essman ◽  
Barry Popkin ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Lindsey Taillie
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dairy Beverages

Background: Chile has the highest sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales of any country and a growing burden of childhood obesity. This study examines SSB intake in Chilean children after a 5% SSB tax increase in 2014 but prior to marketing, labeling, and school policies implemented in 2016. Methods: 24-h recalls were collected in 2016 from two cohorts comprised of preschoolers 3–5 years of age (n = 961) and adolescents 12–14 years of age (n = 770) from low–moderate income neighborhoods. Beverages were categorized as regulated or unregulated according to whether they exceeded nutrient thresholds established by the 2016 policies. Results: Preschoolers consumed mainly beverage calories from regulated dairy beverages and substitutes (109 kcal, SD 30), unregulated dairy beverages (102 kcal, SD 24), and regulated fruit and vegetables drinks (44 kcal, SD 20). For adolescents, the greatest contributions came from regulated sodas (77 kcal, SD 47), regulated dairy beverages and substitutes (41 kcal, SD 16), and unregulated coffee and tea (41 kcal, SD 11). Overall, regulated beverages provided a greater proportion of calories than unregulated for preschoolers (15.0% vs. 11.8%) and for adolescents (9.1% vs. 5.0%). Conclusions: Before major policy implementation, regulated beverages accounted for a higher percentage of energy intake than unregulated beverages among both age groups. Future research will be needed to evaluate the impact of Chile’s new policies on sugary beverage intake in children.

scholarly journals Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Trends in US Adolescents and Their Association with Insulin Resistance-Related Parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Bremer ◽  
Peggy Auinger ◽  
Robert S. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Us Children ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate current sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption trends and their association with insulin resistance-related metabolic parameters and anthropometric measurements by performing a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES data during the years 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. Main outcome measures included SSB consumption trends, a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, and fasting concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Although overall SSB consumption has increased, our data suggest that this increase was primarily due to an increase in the amount of SSBs consumed by males in the high-SSB intake group alone. Multivariate linear regression analyses also showed that increased SSB consumption was independently associated with many adverse health parameters. Factors other than SSB consumption must therefore be contributing to the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the majority of US children.

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