scholarly journals The Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Protection from Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Burge ◽  
Erynn Bergner ◽  
Aarthi Gunasekaran ◽  
Jeffrey Eckert ◽  
Hala Chaaban
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Unique Composition

Necrotizing enterocolitis, a potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory disorder affecting primarily premature infants, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. While the etiology of the disease is, as yet, unknown, a number of risk factors for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis have been identified. One such risk factor, formula feeding, has been shown to contribute to both increased incidence and severity of the disease. The protective influences afforded by breastfeeding are likely attributable to the unique composition of human milk, an extremely potent, biologically active fluid. This review brings together knowledge on the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and current thinking on the instrumental role of one of the more prominent classes of bioactive components in human breast milk, glycosaminoglycans.

Intestinal Lesions Containing Coronavirus-like Particles in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Ultrastructural Analysis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
S. Rousset ◽  
O. Moscovici ◽  
P. Lebon ◽  
J. P. Barbet ◽  
P. Helardot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Since the outbreaks of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis occurring in maternity hospitals of Paris and suburbs in 1979-1980, it has been possible to examine by light and electron microscopy gut specimens from ten newborns with this illness. Coronavirus-like particles, enclosed in intracytoplasmic vesicles of damaged epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, were observed in the small intestine, appendix, and colon. The ultrastructural study, supported by bacteriologic findings, suggests the role of coronavirus-like particles in the appearance of the lesions. Secondary proliferation of mainly anaerobic bacteria, probably responsible for pneumatosis, may aggravate the disease.

scholarly journals Dentine matrix metalloproteinases as potential mediators of dentine regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
E Guirado ◽  
◽  
A George
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Critical Components

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated not only in the regulation of developmental processes but also in the release of biologically active molecules and in the modulation of repair during tertiary dentine formation. Although efforts to preserve dentine have focused on inhibiting the activity of these proteases, their function is much more complex and necessary for dentine repair than expected. The present review explores the role of MMPs as bioactive components of the dentine matrix involved in dentine formation, repair and regeneration. Special consideration is given to the mechanical properties of dentine, including those of reactionary and reparative dentine, and the known roles of MMPs in their formation. MMPs are critical components of the dentine matrix and should be considered as important candidates in dentine regeneration.

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis Associated with Penicillin-Resistant, Toxigenic Clostridium butyricum

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Sturm ◽  
Joseph L. Staneck ◽  
Larry R. Stauffer ◽  
Wallace W. Neblett
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Diseases ◽  
Clostridial Infection ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

The cause of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is unknown. An association between NEC and clostridial infection has been reported from several centers, but the organisms have not been extensively characterized. Clostridium butyricum was isolated from the peritoneal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid of a neonate with NEC. The organism was resistant to the penicillins, but sensitive to vancomycin. Toxin production was demonstrated. Although the role of clostridial toxins in the pathogenesis of NEC is unknown, clostridial toxins are well established as the causes of two other intestinal diseases (antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and pig-bel). Further investigation of the role of clostridia in the pathogenesis of NEC and of the use of oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics in the treatment of NEC is needed.

Role of Clostridium Perfringens in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Utility of Anaerobic Blood Cultures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Alejandra Sandoval C ◽  
◽  
María Paz Romero O ◽  
Carolina Guerra E ◽  
Carolina Riquelme B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Introduction: Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that causes various clinical diseases, including necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns. The progression could be fulminant and lethal. Presentation of the cases: We report 3 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis due to C. perfringens from 2 high-complexity public centers in Chile. Conclusion: Strong clinical suspicion combined with early microbiological identification may modify patient evolution. Anaerobic blood cultures have become a fundamental diagnostic method; therefore, having this tool in neonatal units would be useful

The role of clostridia as pathogens in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
M.F. Smith ◽  
G.S. Clayden ◽  
M.W. Casewell ◽  
S.P. Borriello
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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