scholarly journals Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and the Risk of Breast Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Turati ◽  
Michela Dalmartello ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Diego Serraino ◽  
Livia Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
American Institute ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Study

The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) introduced in 2007, and updated in 2018, nutrition-related recommendations for cancer prevention. Previous studies generally reported inverse associations of breast cancer with the 2007 recommendations, while no study has yet evaluated the association with the 2018 guidelines. We investigated the association between adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR recommendations and breast cancer risk in a case–control study from Italy and Switzerland (1991–2008) including 3034 incident histologically-confirmed breast cancer cases and 3392 hospital controls. Adherence to the 2018 guidelines was summarized through a score incorporating eight recommendations (body fatness, physical activity, consumption of wholegrains/vegetables/fruit/beans, “fast foods” and other processed foods high in fat, starches, or sugars, red/processed meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, alcohol, breastfeeding), with higher scores indicating higher adherence. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. We also conducted a meta-analysis including 15 additional studies using random-effects models. In our case–control study, adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR guidelines was inversely associated with breast cancer, with ORs of 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.70) for a score ≥5.5 vs. ≤4.25, and of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79–0.88) for a 1-point increment. In our study, 25% of breast cancers were attributable to low-to-moderate guideline adherence. In the meta-analysis, the pooled relative risks (RRs) were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65–0.82, p heterogeneity among studies < 0.001) for the highest vs. the lowest WCRF/AICR score category, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.94, p heterogeneity < 0.001) for a 1-point increment. This work provides quantitative evidence that higher adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations reduces the risk of breast cancer, thus opening perspectives for prevention.

scholarly journals Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Morocco: A Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 194s-194s
Author(s):  
K. El Kinany ◽  
I. Huybrechts ◽  
E. Kampman ◽  
H.A. Boudouaya ◽  
Z. Hatime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Study

Background: Currently, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality were rising in African countries; these rates are alarming and should be considered to make prevention policies. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) released 8 recommendations on body fatness, physical activity and diet to prevent against cancer development. Aim: The current study was designed to evaluate the association between the WCRF/AICR recommendations and the risk of CRC in a case-control study among Moroccan adults. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 5 Moroccan hospital centers, including 1516 cases and 1516 controls. The study was matched on sex, age (± 5 years) and center. The habitual diet was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was evaluated through a score that incorporates 6 components (body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods, alcoholic drinks). Each related component recommendation was rated using a score of 2 levels: (1) when the recommendation was met; (0.5) when the recommendation was partially met; (0) when the recommendation was not met. The overall WCRF/AICR score ranged from 0 (no adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines) to 6 (high adherence). To categorize this score, we calculated the tertile cut-offs of controls (reference population) for both sexes (men and women separately) that we applied on the whole population. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORadjusted and its 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, residence, education level, monthly income, family history of CRC, smoking status, BMI, physical activity, total energy intake, and alcohol intake unless the variable was part of recommendation under evaluation. Results: CRC risk was significantly reduced with increasing adherence to each WCRF/AICR recommendation: for body fatness (ORa = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.36-0.63), physical activity (ORa = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24-0.45), sugary drinks (ORa = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.42-0.80), plant foods (ORa = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.12-0.29) and animal foods (ORa = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.36-0.62). Also a significant inverse association was observed for the highest category of adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines for CRC risk (ORa = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.23-0.37) compared with the lowest category. Conclusion: The WCRF/AICR index including a combination of 6 components showed strong protective associations for CRC risk in Morocco. These results confirm the importance of promoting the WCRF guidelines among the Moroccan population to prevent CRC incidence.

AA genotype of cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism increases breast cancer risk: Findings of a case‐control study and meta‐analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 16452-16466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhter ◽  
Faisal Abdulrahman Alzahrani ◽  
Sajad Ahmad Dar ◽  
Mohd Wahid ◽  
Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and breast cancer risk in the Cancer de Màma (CAMA) study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 3337-3348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouar Fanidi ◽  
Pietro Ferrari ◽  
Carine Biessy ◽  
Carolina Ortega ◽  
Angélica Angeles-Llerenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Cáncer De Mama ◽  
Research Fund ◽  
American Institute ◽  
The World

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the association between adherence to the recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and breast cancer (BC) risk in the Cancer de Màma (CAMA) study in a Mexican population.DesignPopulation-based case–control study.SubjectsIncident BC cases (n 1000) and controls (n 1074) matched on age, region and health-care system were recruited.SettingIn-person interviews were conducted to assess BC risk factors and habitual diet was assessed with an FFQ. Conformity to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was evaluated through a score incorporating seven WCRF/AICR components (body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods, alcoholic drinks and breast-feeding), with high scores indicating adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations.ResultsNo statistically significant associations between WCRF/AICR score and risk of BC were observed. After excluding BMI from the WCRF/AICR score, the top quartile was associated with a decreased BC risk overall, with ORQ4–Q1=0·68 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·92, Ptrend=0·03), and among postmenopausal women, with ORQ4–Q1=0·60 (95 % CI 0·39, 0·94, Ptrend=0·03). Inverse associations were observed between BMI and risk of BC overall and among premenopausal women, with OR=0·57 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·76, Ptrend<0·01) and 0·48 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·73, Ptrend<0·01), respectively. Physical activity level was inversely associated with BC risk.ConclusionsThe WCRF/AICR index was not related with BC risk in the CAMA study. A combination of six components excluding BMI showed strong protective associations, particularly in postmenopausal women. Further prospective studies are required to clarify the role of adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations, particularly with respect to BMI, in the Mexican population.

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