scholarly journals Evaluation of 6′-Sialyllactose Sodium Salt Supplementation to Formula on Growth and Clinical Parameters in Neonatal Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia H. Monaco ◽  
Dae Hee Kim ◽  
Rit B. Gurung ◽  
Sharon M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Dose Dependent

Oligosaccharides are complex, non-digestible glycans found in large abundance in human milk. The abundance and the profile of bovine milk oligosaccharides and bovine milk based in infant formula differ from those in human milk. Recently, some human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been supplemented to infant formula, however, not all forms have been available in large scale. The objective of the study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of an enzymatically-synthesized 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL) sodium salt supplemented to swine milk replacer on growth, hematological parameters, and organ microscopic assessment in our pre-clinical neonatal pig model. Two-day-old male and female pigs (n = 47) were provided one of four experimental diets for 21 days. Diets were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 300 (LOW), 600 (MOD), or 1200 (HIGH) mg/L of 6′-SL sodium salt. On days 8 and 22, samples were collected for hematological and histological analyses. Supplemental 6′-SL sodium salt at all doses supported growth and development comparable to those observed in control animals. In addition, serum chemistries, hematology, and organ microscopic structure were unaffected by 6′-SL (p > 0.05). Thus, addition of enzymatically-synthesized 6′-SL to a milk replacer formula supported growth and clinical outcomes similar to the control formula in the neonatal piglet.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides Influence Neonatal Mucosal and Systemic Immunity

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Donovan ◽  
Sarah S. Comstock
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Breastfed Infants

The immune system of the infant is functionally immature and naïve. Human milk contains bioactive proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that protect the newborn and stimulate innate and adaptive immune development. This review will focus on the role human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) play in neonatal gastrointestinal and systemic immune development and function. For the past decade, intense research has been directed at defining the complexity of oligosaccharides in the milk of many species and is beginning to delineate their diverse functions. These studies have shown that human milk contains a higher concentration as well as a greater structural diversity and degree of fucosylation than the milk oligosaccharides in other species, particularly bovine milk from which many infant formulae are produced. The commercial availability of large quantities of certain HMO has furthered our understanding of the functions of specific HMO, which include protecting the infant from pathogenic infections, facilitating the establishment of the gut microbiota, promoting intestinal development, and stimulating immune maturation. Many of these actions are exerted through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions with pathogens or host cells. Two HMOs, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), have recently been added to infant formula. Although this is a first step in narrowing the compositional gap between human milk and infant formula, it is unclear whether 1 or 2 HMO will recapitulate the complexity of actions exerted by the complex mixture of HMO ingested by breastfed infants. Thus, as more HMO become commercially available, either isolated from bovine milk or chemically or microbially synthesized, it is anticipated that more oligosaccharides will be added to infant formula either alone or in combination with other prebiotics.

Intestinal transport of manganese from human milk, bovine milk and infant formula in rats

Life Sciences ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (24) ◽  
pp. 2415-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y. Chan ◽  
J.M. Bates ◽  
O.M. Rennert ◽  
A. Mahmood ◽  
R. Torres-Pinedo
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Intestinal Transport

scholarly journals Comparative biological availability of manganese from extrinsically labelled milk diets using sucking rats as a model

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hassan Raghib. ◽  
Chan Wai-Yee ◽  
M. Owen Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Mn Concentrations

1. Very little is known about the biological availability of manganese from human milk and other infant milk diets. To determine the relative Mn availability, and to examine whether the age and the duration of previous fasting affect Mn absorption, sucking rats were given human milk, bovine milk and infant formula (regular Similac; Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH) extrinsically labelled with 54Mn.2. Milk diets were given by gastric intubation and the radioactivity of the carcass, liver and digestive tract was measured 3 h after feeding.3. The concentration of endogenous Mn was lowest in human milk (7–10 μg/l) and highest in rat milk (140–165 μg/l). Increasing the non-radioactive total Mn concentrations of either human milk or bovine milk up to 150 μg/l did not affect the absorption of 54Mn by 10-d-old rats.4. No significant (P> 0.05) difference in 54Mn absorption was found among the three milk diets (human milk, bovine milk, infant formula) in 8- to 11-d-old rats. However, significantly more (P< 0.05) 54Mn was absorbed from human milk and infant formula than from bovine milk when 13-d-old rats were used.5. 54Mn radioactivity detected in carcasses of 8-, 9-, 10- and 11-d-old rats ranged from 25 to 27% of the dose from various milk diets. The activities of 54Mn in the carcasses of 13-d-old rats were 15, 11, and 16% of the dose from human milk, bovine milk and infant formula respectively.6. The trend of 54Mn incorporation into liver was similar to that of the carcass and over 60% of the absorbed 54Mn was incorporated into the liver regardless of the type of milk used.7. Absorption of 54Mn from extrinsically labelled rat milk using 9- or 10-d-old sucking rats was similar to its absorption from infant formula.8. The absorption of 54Mn from the three milk diets decreased with age of the neonatal rats and 54Mn absorption from human milk, bovine milk, infant formula as well as rat milk was affected similarly by duration of previous fasting.

scholarly journals Effects of Infant Formula With Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth and Morbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Puccio ◽  
Philippe Alliet ◽  
Cinzia Cajozzo ◽  
Elke Janssens ◽  
Giovanni Corsello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

scholarly journals Comparing the composition and trend of fatty acid in human milk with bovine milk and infant formula in northeast region of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Bo He ◽  
Hao-Wei Ren ◽  
Yu-Tong Cao ◽  
He-Jia Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Northeast Region

scholarly journals Oligosaccharides Released from Milk Glycoproteins Are Selective Growth Substrates for Infant-Associated Bifidobacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 3622-3630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sercan Karav ◽  
Annabelle Le Parc ◽  
Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell ◽  
Steven A. Frese ◽  
Nina Kirmiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Selective Growth ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Substrates

ABSTRACTMilk, in addition to nourishing the neonate, provides a range of complex glycans whose construction ensures a specific enrichment of key members of the gut microbiota in the nursing infant, a consortium known as the milk-oriented microbiome. Milk glycoproteins are thought to function similarly, as specific growth substrates for bifidobacteria common to the breast-fed infant gut. Recently, a cell wall-associated endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoBI-1) found in various infant-borne bifidobacteria was shown to remove a range of intactN-linked glycans. We hypothesized that these released oligosaccharide structures can serve as a sole source for the selective growth of bifidobacteria. We demonstrated that EndoBI-1 releasedN-glycans from concentrated bovine colostrum at the pilot scale. EndoBI-1-releasedN-glycans supported the rapid growth ofBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantis(B. infantis), a species that grows well on human milk oligosaccharides, but did not support growth ofBifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis(B. lactis), a species which does not. Conversely,B. infantisATCC 15697 did not grow on the deglycosylated milk protein fraction, clearly demonstrating that the glycan portion of milk glycoproteins provided the key substrate for growth. Mass spectrometry-based profiling revealed thatB. infantisconsumed 73% of neutral and 92% of sialylatedN-glycans, whileB. lactisdegraded only 11% of neutral and virtually no (<1%) sialylatedN-glycans. These results provide mechanistic support thatN-linked glycoproteins from milk serve as selective substrates for the enrichment of infant-associated bifidobacteria capable of carrying out the initial deglycosylation. Moreover, releasedN-glycans were better growth substrates than the intact milk glycoproteins, suggesting that EndoBI-1 cleavage is a key initial step in consumption of glycoproteins. Finally, the variety ofN-glycans released from bovine milk glycoproteins suggests that they may serve as novel prebiotic substrates with selective properties similar to those of human milk oligosaccharides.IMPORTANCEIt has been previously shown that glycoproteins serve as growth substrates for bifidobacteria. However, which part of a glycoprotein (glycans or polypeptides) is responsible for this function was not known. In this study, we used a novel enzyme to cleave conjugatedN-glycans from milk glycoproteins and tested their consumption by various bifidobacteria. The results showed that the glycans selectively stimulated the growth ofB. infantis, which is a key infant gut microbe. The selectivity of consumption of individualN-glycans was determined using advanced mass spectrometry (nano-liquid chromatography chip–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry [nano-LC-Chip-Q-TOF MS]) to reveal thatB. infantiscan consume the range of glycan structures released from whey protein concentrate.

How far is it from infant formula to human milk? A look at the human milk oligosaccharides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wusun Li ◽  
Jingxuan Wang ◽  
Yingying Lin ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Fazheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides
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