scholarly journals Association between Three Low-Carbohydrate Diet Scores and Lipid Metabolism among Chinese Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Tan ◽  
Seong-Ah Kim ◽  
Sangah Shin
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

This study investigated the blood lipid levels of 5921 Chinese adults aged >18 years using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009. Diet information was collected through 3 day, 24 h recalls by trained professionals. The low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score was determined according to the percentage of energy obtained from carbohydrate, protein, and fat consumption. Dyslipidemia was defined when one or more of the following abnormal lipid levels were observed: high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models. After adjusting the confounding variables, in males, the OR of hypercholesterolemia was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.23–2.85; p for trend = 0.0017) and the OR of hypertriglyceridemia was 1.47 (95% CI, 1.04–2.06; p for trend = 0.0336), on comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of the LCD score. The animal-based LCD score showed a similar trend. The OR of hypercholesterolemia was 2.15 (95% CI, 1.41–3.29; p for trend = 0.0006) and the OR of hypertriglyceridemia was 1.51 (95% CI, 1.09–2.10; p for trend = 0.0156). However, there was no significant difference between plant-based LCD scores and dyslipidemia. In females, lipid profiles did not differ much among the quartiles of LCD scores—only the animal-based LCD score was statistically significant with hypercholesterolemia. The OR of hypercholesterolemia was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.06–2.55), on comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of the LCD score. In conclusion, a higher LCD score, indicating lower carbohydrate intake and higher fat intake, especially animal-based fat, was significantly associated with higher odds of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in Chinese males. Future studies investigating the potential mechanisms by which macronutrient types and sex hormones affect lipid metabolism are required.

A Lipid and Lipoprotein Profile of Treated and Untreated Diabetics

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Billimoria ◽  
A. J. Isaacs ◽  
Kate Melki
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Age And Sex

A group of 149 diabetics and 98 healthy subjects without evidence of diabetes or ischaemic heart disease were studied. Untreated diabetics under 40 years old and 40 years of age and over showed statistically raised fasting serum turbidity, triglycerides, and raised β and pre-β lipoprotein levels but not raised cholesterol levels over the age and sex matched normal subjects. Further, some 63% of all diabetics showed a distinct split pre-β lipoprotein pattern as seen on polyacrylamide disc electrol-***phoresis as compared with 17% in the control group. Raised lecithin and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels were found in male diabetics and raised PE levels in young diabetic women. In patients under treatment with insulin, chlorpropamide, or phenformin the diabetes was well controlled in most cases, but these patients did not have significantly lower lipid levels. Diabetics on a low carbohydrate diet showed improvement in triglycerides and pre-β lipoprotein levels, but β lipoproteins were not lowered. It is suggested that diabetics may benefit by the inclusion of clofibrate in the treatment.

scholarly journals Cinnamon Promotes Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme, Blood Parameters, and Antioxidant Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Low-Carbohydrate Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
Mitra Ravardshiri ◽  
Somayeh Bahram ◽  
Seyed Rohollah Javadian ◽  
Masoumeh Bahrekazemi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cinnamon in high- and low carbohydrate diets on the physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (16.12±1.33 g). Six experimental diets including control/LCarb (200 g/kg carbohydrate), LCarb-3C (200 g/kg carbohydrate, 30 g/kg cinnamon), LCarb-5C (200g/kg carbohydrate, 50 g/kg cinnamon), HCarb (300 g/kg carbohydrate), HCarb-3C (300 g/kg carbohydrate, 30 g/kg cinnamon), and HCarb-5C (300 g/kg carbohydrate, 50 g/kg cinnamon) were formulated to feed fish for eight weeks. The results showed that fish fed dietary LCarb-3C (72.64 g) and LCarb-5C (73.17 g) had higher weight gain as compared with treatments without cinnamon (P<0.05). Blood performance in LCarb3C (67.10) was significantly higher than the HCarb-3C group (P<0.05). Fish fed dietary LCarb-3C had the best performance so that cinnamon in this group lowered glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, improved total protein, and highdensity lipoprotein contents. Supplementation of this herb also improved protease and lipase in LCarb-3C and LCarb-5C groups as compared with control. Individuals fed supplemented diets but not HCarb had a higher superoxide dismutase activity when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Generally, cinnamon improved parameters in this study in fish fed a low-carbohydrate diet rather than a high-carbohydrate diet.

scholarly journals The possible mediatory role of adipokines in the association between low carbohydrate diet and depressive symptoms among overweight and obese women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257275
Author(s):  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Reyhane Ebrahimi ◽  
Sara Pooyan ◽  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
Elaheh Rashidbeygi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Pai 1

Background Previous studies showed the possible association between obesity, dietary pattern, and depressive symptoms. Due to the lack of enough data to confirm the association of obesity and depression in the Middle East, here, we aimed to explore the possible mediatory role of adipokines Galectin-3, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in the association between low carbohydrate diet (LCD) and depressive symptoms. Methods A total of 256 women aged 17–56 years old were grouped based on their LCD score. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21) self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the three negative emotional states of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1. Results No significant difference was observed regarding Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 levels between the groups with dissimilar adherence to LCD or the groups with different levels of depressive symptoms (P>0.05). However, there was a negative association between LCD score as a covariant and depressive symptoms as an independent variable (P = 0.02) and remarkably, a regression model linear analysis using Galectin-3, TGF-β, and PAI-1 as confounding variables indicated the mediatory role of these adipokines in this association (P>0.05). In other words, adipokines eliminated the significance of the relationship between adherence to LCD and depressive symptoms. Conclusion It seems that higher adherence to LCD is probably associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in obese adults through the mediatory role of adipokines.

scholarly journals A Low-Carbohydrate Diet Realizes Medication Withdrawal: A Possible Opportunity for Effective Glycemic Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Han ◽  
Bingfei Cheng ◽  
Yanjun Guo ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Nailong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

ObjectiveMultiple studies have confirmed that diet restrictions can effectively realize glycemic control and reduce metabolic risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2018, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) stated that individuals can select a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) according to their needs and preferences. Owing to the influence of Chinese traditional eating habits, only a small portion of patients in China have achieved their blood glucose goals. As a result, the Chinese government will incur huge expenditures.MethodThis study recruited 134 T2DM participants and randomly assigned them to the LCD group (n = 67) or the low-fat diet (LFD) group (n = 67). All of the patients had a fixed amount of exercise and were guided by clinicians. After a period of dietary washout, all of the patients received corresponding dietary education according to group. The follow-up time was 6 months. The indicators for anthropometry, glycemic control, and medication application parameters were collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 121 participants who finally entered the study. The proportions of calories from three major nutrients the participants consumed met the requirements of LCD and LFD. Compared with baseline, the pre-postdifferences of body weight, BMI, and several other indicators were significant except for dosages of insulin used in the LCD group and MES in the LFD group. After the intervention, body weight, body weight index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2-h blood glucose (PPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the LCD group decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the LFD group. The number of patients using lipid-lowering agents was significant higher in the LCD group and lower in the LFD group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for antihypertensive, hormone-replacement, and other agents.ConclusionsThe LCD diet can decrease body weight, glycemic levels, MES, and lipid-lowering agents more than the LFD diet, thus decreasing cost burden in Chinese patients with T2DM. Strict diet control and monitoring are the keys to managing diabetes.

scholarly journals Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff J. d. C. Harvey ◽  
Grant M. Schofield ◽  
Caryn Zinn ◽  
Simon J. Thornley ◽  
Catherine Crofts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

BackgroundLow-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets are useful for treating a range of health conditions, but there is little research evaluating the degree of carbohydrate restriction on outcome measures. This study compares anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes between differing carbohydrate-restricted diets.ObjectiveOur hypothesis was that moderate carbohydrate restriction is easier to maintain and more effective for improving cardiometabolic health markers than greater restriction.DesignA total of 77 healthy participants were randomised to a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), or moderate-low carbohydrate diet (MCD), containing 5%, 15% and 25% total energy from carbohydrate, respectively, for 12-weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic health measures were taken at baseline and at 12 weeks. Using ANOVA, both within and between-group outcomes were analysed.ResultsOf 77 participants, 39 (51%) completed the study. In these completers overall, significant reductions in weight and body mass index occurred ((mean change) 3.7 kg/m2; 95% confidence limits (CL): 3.8, 1.8), along with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (0.49 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.06, 0.92;p= 0.03), and total cholesterol concentrations (0.11 mmol/L; 95% CL; 0.00, 0.23;p= 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced by 0.12 mmol/L (95% CL; −0.20, 0.02;p= 0.02). No significant changes occurred between groups. The largest improvements in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and TG and anthropometric changes occurred for the VLCKD group.ConclusionsLow-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have a positive effect on markers of health. Adherence to the allocation of carbohydrate was more easily achieved in MCD, and LCD groups compared to VLCKD and there were comparable improvements in weight loss and waist circumference and greater improvements in HDL-c and TG with greater carbohydrate restriction.

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