Low Serum Vitamin B12 Levels Are Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles in Apparently Healthy Young Saudi Women

An abnormal lipid profile is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and lipid profile is inconclusive, with most studies conducted in unhealthy populations. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and lipid profiles in a cross-sectional study that included 341 apparently healthy Saudi women, aged 19–30 years, from different colleges at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle data were collected, including diet and physical activity. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum B12 level of <148 pmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was approximately 0.6%. Using multivariable linear regression models, serum vitamin B12 levels were found to be inversely associated with total cholesterol (B = −0.26; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (B = −0.30; p < 0.001), and triglyceride (B = −0.16; p < 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders, while obesity indices of body mass index, central obesity, and fat percentage showed no association. Therefore, we conclude that low serum vitamin B12 levels are independently associated with abnormal lipid profiles in healthy young Saudi women. Further interventional studies are needed to determine whether improving serum vitamin B12 levels in a healthy population can improve lipid profiles.

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Low serum vitamin B12 is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss in Syrian women

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2008.247 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ulrich Hübner ◽

Ahmad Alwan ◽

Muhidin Jouma ◽

Mohammad Tabbaa ◽

Heike Schorr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Methylmalonic Acid ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Functional Markers ◽

Unexpected Result ◽

Recurrent Abortion ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Low Serum

Abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency are associated with recurrent abortion. Recent studies have not investigated functional markers of vitamin B12 deficiency, such as methylmalonic acid.: A total of 43 consecutive Syrian women with unexplained recurrent abortion and 32 pregnant controls were enrolled in the study. Serum folate, vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid and plasma homocysteine were determined.: Vitamin B12 was significantly decreased in patients with recurrent abortion compared to controls (mean concentrations 197 vs. 300 pg/mL, p=0.004). The lowest mean serum vitamin B12 (172 pg/mL) was observed in primary aborters. Homocysteine was elevated in aborters in comparison to controls (8.3 vs. 7.1 μmol/L, p=0.093). Folate and methylmalonic acid did not differ significantly between the study groups. A highly significant correlation between homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and vitamin B12 was observed only in patients but not in controls (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). In the logistic regression model, only serum vitamin B12 emerged with a significant odds ratio.: The results confirm low serum vitamin B12 in recurrent abortion patients. However, methylmalonic acid did not support that functional vitamin B12 plays a role in this group. This unexpected result might be due to a decrease of the metabolically inert vitamin B12 fraction (holohaptocorrin) or confounding factors. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in recurrent abortion.Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1265–9.

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Systematic Review and Pragmatic Clinical Approach to Oral and Nasal Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Treatment in Patients with Vitamin B12 Deficiency Related to Gastrointestinal Disorders

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7100304 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emmanuel Andrès ◽

Abrar-Ahmad Zulfiqar ◽

Khalid Serraj ◽

Thomas Vogel ◽

Georges Kaltenbach

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Oral Vitamin ◽

Hand Search ◽

B12 Deficiency

The objective of this review is to provide an update on the effectiveness of oral and nasal vitamin B12 (cobalamin) treatment in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Relevant articles were identified by PubMed and Google Scholar systematic search, from January 2010 and June 2018, and through hand search of relevant reference articles. Additional studies were obtained from references of identified studies, the Cochrane Library and the ISI Web of Knowledge. Data gleaned from reference textbooks and international meetings were also used, as was information gleaned from commercial sites on the web and data from CARE B12 research group. For oral vitamin B12 treatment, 4 randomized controlled trials (vs. intramuscular), 4 narrative and 4 systematic reviews, and 13 prospective studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. These studies concerned patients with vitamin B12 deficiency related to: food-cobalamin malabsorption (n = 6), Biermer’s disease (n = 3), veganism or vegetarianism (n = 1), total gastrectomy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 2) and Crohn’s disease (n = 1). Four prospective studies include patients with vitamin B12 deficiency related to the aforementioned etiologies, except veganism or vegetarianism. The systematic present review documents that oral vitamin B12 replacement, at a daily dose of 1000 μg (1 mg), was adequate to normalize serum vitamin B12 levels and cure main clinical manifestations related to vitamin B12 deficiency, in GI disorders, and thus, with safety profile. For nasal vitamin B12 treatment, only one preliminary study was available. We conclude that oral vitamin B12 is an effective alternative to intramuscular vitamin B12 (except in patients presenting with severe neurological manifestations). Oral vitamin B12 treatment avoids the discomfort, contraindication (in patients with anticoagulation), and cost of monthly injections.

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The relationship between the cobalt nutrition of ewes and the vitamin B12 status of ewes and their lambs

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9871071 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

MF Quirk ◽

BW Norton

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Milk Production ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Methylmalonic Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Lactation Performance ◽

Lower Productivity ◽

Cotton South ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

The Relationship

An experiment was undertaken at Mt Cotton, south-east Queensland, to investigate the relationship between the cobalt nutrition of ewes and the occurrence of vitamin B12 deficiency in ewes and their lambs. Ewes received either no supplementary cobalt (C), 0.03 mg cobalt day-1 (LC), 0.06 mg cobalt day-1 (HC) or a cobalt bullet and grinder (CB). LC and HC ewes received their supplement as a weekly drench. Supplementation commenced prior to joining, and ewes subsequently grazed pangola grass pastures containing between 0.05 and 0.11 mg kg-1 cobalt.Cobalt supplementation of ewes increased their liveweight, reproductive and lactation performance. The milk production of ewes was influenced by the level of supplementation, with C, LC, HC and CB ewes producing 31.1, 41.5, 47.7 and 50.31. of milk respectively during the first 4 weeks of lactation. The lower productivity of C ewes was associated with concentrations of vitamin B12 in serum of less than 200 pg ml-1 and with the presence of detectable concentrations of methylmalonic acid (>80 8moles l-1) and formiminoglutamic acid (>30 8moles l-1) in their urine.The growth of lambs was influenced by the cobalt nutrition of their dams; the mean liveweight gain from birth to weaning (14 weeks of age) for lambs from C, LC, HC and CB ewes was 95, 158, 194 and 231 g day-1. Vitamin B12 deficiency was evident in lambs reared by C ewes from 4 weeks of age, but lambs from LC and HC ewes did not become deficient until 8 and 12 weeks of age respectively. Lambs from CB ewes remained free of signs of deficiency prior to weaning. Urinary formiminoglutamic acid concentration was a more reliable indicator of vitamin B12 status in young lambs than urinary methylmalonic acid concentration. The concentrations of vitamin B12 in the serum of lambs were low in all groups (< 150 pg ml-1) and were generally unaffected by the cobalt nutrition of their dams.A dietary cobalt intake of about 0.15 mg day-1 appeared to be necessary for optimal milk production from ewes. However, this level of dietary cobalt was inadequate for provision of sufficient quantities of maternal vitamin B12 to meet the requirements of lambs in the later stages of lactation.

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Circulating antibody to transcobalamin II causing retention of vitamin B12 in the blood

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v49.6.987.bloodjournal496987 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 987-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Carmel ◽

B Tatsis ◽

L Baril

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Megaloblastic Anemia ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

High Serum ◽

The Status ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Long Acting

A patient with recurrent pulmonary abscess, weight loss, and alcoholism was found to have extremely high serum vitamin B12 and unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity (UBBC) levels. While transcobalamin (TC) II was also increased, most of his UBBC was due to an abnormal binding protein which carried greater than 80% of the endogenous vitamin B12 and was not found in his saliva, granulocytes, or urine. This protein was shown to be a complex of TC II and a circulating immunoglobulin (IgGkappa and IgGlambda). Each IgG molecule appeared to bind two TC II molecules. The reacting site did not interfere with the ability of TC II to bind vitamin B12, but did interfere with its ability to transfer the vitamin to cells in vitro. The site was not identical to that reacting with anti-human TC II antibody produced in rabbits. Because of this abnormal complex, 57Co-vitamin B12 injected intravenously was cleared slowly by the patient. However, no metabolic evidence for vitamin B12 deficiency was demonstrable, although the patient initially had megaloblastic anemia apparently due to folate deficiency. The course of the vitamin B12-binding abnormalities was followed over 4 yr and appeared to fluctuate with the status of the patient's illness. The IgG-TC II complex resembled one induced in some patients with pernicious anemia by intensive treatment with long-acting vitamin B12 preparations. The mechanism of induction of the antibody formation in our patient is unknown.

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EFEK FORTIFIKASI VITAMIN B12 TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN B12 SERUM DAN HOMOSISTEIN SERUM PADA VEGETARIAN

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Husada: Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.34305/jikbh.v11i1.150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 114-120

Author(s):

Susianto Susianto

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Homocysteine Level ◽

Megaloblastic Anemia ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Serum Homocysteine ◽

Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Community Trial

Introduction: Vegetarians consume plant-based foods with or without eggs and milk. Vegetarians are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, as natural sources of vitamin B12 are limited to animal-based foods. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, nerve damage and increase homocysteine level. Higher homocysteine level can increase the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 fortification on the level of serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine in vegetarian. Method: The research design was an experimental study, community trial. The samples were 42 vegetarians with vitamin B12 deficiency (< 156 pmol/L) selected from 118 vegetarians as members of Indonesia Vegetarian Society (IVS) Pekanbaru, treated by vitamin B12 fortified oatmeal for three months from March to June 2010. Serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine were measured by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and microparticle enzyme immunoassay method respectively. Result: Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in vegetarian was 35.6%. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase of serum vitamin B12 from 124.6 to 284.6 pmol/L (p=0.001) and significant decrease of serum homocysteine from 20.1 to 15.1 µmol/L (p=0.001). Conclusion: Consumption of vitamin B12 fortified oatmeal increases the level of serum vitamin B12 and decreases the level of serum homocysteine significantly in vegetarian with vitamin B12 deficiency.

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RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL VITAMIN B12 STATUS IN PREGNANCY WITH PRETERM BIRTH AND MATERNAL HEALTH RISKS

International Medical Journal ◽

10.37436/2308-5274-2020-2-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

VICTORIA LAZAROVA SPASOVA ◽

LILIA IVANOVA KOLEVA ◽

MARIETA ANTONOVA POPOVA ◽

VALENTINA BOYANOVA PETKOVA ◽

MILEN VENTZISLAVOV DIMITROV

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

The Impact ◽

In Pregnancy

Vitamin B12 is known to be vital for cell growth and population during pregnancy. This retrospective and prospective case−control study was aimed to disclose a health risk for pregnant women with vitamin B12 deficiency, as well as the one of the preterm birth. The main tasks set and performed in this research were as follows: to compare the obstetrics anamnesis between the women who gave birth on term and women who gave birth before term; to find the prevalence of vitamin B12 insufficiency in pregnancy; to determine its association with preterm birth and low birth weight; to examine its association with spontaneous abortions, and to investigate its relationship with obesity and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. The conducted investigation involved 107 women who gave birth before the 37th week of gestation and 101 women who gave birth after the 37th week of gestation at the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital "Maichin Dom" in Bulgaria. Our study revealed a correlation between maternal vitamin B12 deficiency, overweight and low hemoglobin level. Our results showed no significant correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and the risk of preterm birth. However, we found an inverse association between vitamin B12 level and overweight before pregnancy and at the time of giving birth. As well there was confirmed the strong connection between meat consumption and vitamin B12 level. The paper emphasizes that the deficiency of the vitamin occurs most likely in the women with inadequate diets. Such a deficiency is actually confirmed to have serious health consequences for pregnant women and their offspring. Therefore further profound and numerous studies should be performed to properly assess the correlation between vitamin B12 and preterm birth, as well as to understand better the impact of vitamin B12 over pregnant women. Key words: vitamin B12, preterm birth, pregnancy, overweight, hemoglobin.

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REVERSIBLE NEUROPATHY OF VITAMIN-B12 DEFICIENCY WITH NORMAL HÆMOGLOBIN AND SERUM-VITAMIN-B12

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92989-0 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 309 (8015) ◽

pp. 803 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. Melsom ◽

S. Kornstad ◽

U. Abildgaard

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

B12 Deficiency

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Improved testing for vitamin B12 deficiency: correcting MMA for eGFR reduces the number of patients classified as vitamin B12 deficient

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/0004563218778300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 685-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saskia LM van Loon ◽

Anna M Wilbik ◽

Uzay Kaymak ◽

Edwin R van den Heuvel ◽

Volkher Scharnhorst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Methylmalonic Acid ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Data Mining Approach ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

The Relationship

Background Methylmalonic acid (MMA) can detect functional vitamin B12 deficiencies as it accumulates early when intracellular deficits arise. However, impaired clearance of MMA from blood due to decreased glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) also results in elevated plasma MMA concentrations. Alternative to clinical trials, a data mining approach was chosen to quantify and compensate for the effect of decreased eGFR on MMA concentration. Methods Comprehensive data on patient’s vitamin B12, eGFR and MMA concentrations were collected ( n = 2906). The relationship between vitamin B12, renal function (eGFR) and MMA was modelled using weighted multiple linear regression. The obtained model was used to estimate the influence of decreased eGFR on MMA. Clinical impact was examined by comparing the number of patients labelled vitamin B12 deficient with and without adjustment in MMA. Results Adjusting measured MMA concentrations for eGFR in the group of patients with low-normal vitamin B12 concentrations (90–300 pmol/L) showed that the use of unadjusted MMA concentrations overestimates vitamin B12 deficiency by 40%. Conclusions Through a data mining approach, the influence of eGFR on the relation between MMA and vitamin B12 can be quantified and used to correct the measured MMA concentration for decreased eGFR. Especially in the elderly, eGFR-based correction of MMA may prevent over-diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency and corresponding treatment.

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Parkinson’s Disease and Homocysteine: A Community-Based Study in a Folate and Vitamin B12 Deficient Population

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2016/9539836 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhang Wei ◽

Wang Tiandong ◽

Li Yang ◽

Meng Huaxing ◽

Min Guowen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Vitamin B12 ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Community Based ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Blood Samples ◽

B12 Deficiency ◽

Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽

The Relationship

Background. Homocysteine (Hcy) levels were higher in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This could be partially explained by levodopa treatment. Whether untreated PD patients have higher Hcy levels is contradictory.Methods.A community-based study was conducted using a two-stage approach for subjects ≥ 55 years to find PD patients in 3 towns of Lüliang City. Blood samples were collected. Serum Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured. For each untreated PD patient, 5 controls were selected matched with age and sex to evaluate the relationship between Hcy levels and PD.Results. Of 6338 eligible residents, 72.7% participated in the study. 31 PD cases were identified. The crude prevalence of PD for people ≥ 55 years was 0.67%. Blood samples were collected from 1845 subjects, including 17 untreated PD patients. There was no difference for concentrations of serum Hcy, folate, and vitamin B12 between cases and controls (P>0.05). In univariate and multivariate analysis, there was significant inverse relation between PD and current smoking (P<0.05). No other factor was significant statistically.Conclusions. The prevalence of PD was comparable to earlier studies in China. Hyperhomocysteinemia was not a risk factor of PD, as well as folate and vitamin B12 deficiency.

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