scholarly journals Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2683
Author(s):  
Olga Surała ◽  
Jadwiga Malczewska-Lenczowska ◽  
Dorota Sadowska ◽  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Agata Białecka-Dębek
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the traits of orthorexia nervosa (ON) and its relation to body composition and anthropometric indices among elite athletes. Methods: We studied 273 (125 female, 148 male) competitive athletes. ON was assessed with the self-administered ORTO-15 questionnaire. Total body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The ORTO-15 score was independent of sex, type of effort or age. The ORTO-15 score was related to: total body mass (TBM) (p = 0.037; R = 0.170), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.022; R = 0.187), bone mineral content (BMC) (p = 0.035; R = 0.172), lean soft tissue (p = 0.026; R = 0.182) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (p = 0.007; R = 0.255) in the male; BMI (p = 0.045; R = 0.412) and BMC (p = 0.012; R = 0.506) in weight-dependent male athletes. There was no relationship between ORTO-15 score and body composition in the total study group and subgroup of female athletes. In female athletes, ON tendencies were related to the weekly training time (p = 0.039), but in sprint and high-intensity intermittent efforts subgroup exclusively. Conclusions: Factors related to ON tendencies concerned exclusively BMI and body composition in male, and the weekly training time in female athletes. The results from this study demonstrate that a significant percentage of athletes, irrespective of sex, age, type of sport or hours of training per week, may manifest traits of orthorexia nervosa.

The Half Body Study Does Effectively Reflect Total Body Composition of Fat, Lean and Total Body Mass

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
A.K. Pall ◽  
F. Rajan ◽  
M. Lothert ◽  
T.W. Schwalenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

scholarly journals Accounting for height in indices of body composition during childhood and adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. O'Keeffe ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Age And Sex

Correlations of body composition with height vary by age and sex during childhood. Standard approaches to accounting for height in measures of body composition (dividing by height (in meters)2) do not take this into account. Using measures of total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) at ages nine, 11, 13, 15 and 18 years from a longitudinal UK cohort study (ALSPAC), we calculated indices of body composition at each age by dividing measures by height (in meters)2. We then produced age-and sex-specific powers of height using allometric regressions and calculated body composition indices by dividing measures by height raised to these powers. TBM, FM and FFM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 11 in females. In males, TBM and FM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 15 years while FM divided by height2 was correlated with height up-to age 11 years. Indices of body composition using age-and sex-specific powers were not correlated with height at any age. In early life, age-and sex-specific powers of height, rather than height in meters2, should be used to adjust body composition for height when measures of adiposity/mass independent of height are required.

scholarly journals Accuracy and reliability of the InBody 270 multi-frequency body composition analyser in 10-12-year-old children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247362
Author(s):  
Malte Nejst Larsen ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
Susana Cristina Araújo Póvoas ◽  
Carlo Castagna
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Device Reliability ◽  
Total Body

The aim of this study was at examining the validity and reliability of a marketed bioimpedance (BIA) scale for body composition assessment, in children engaged in an educational football project (FIFA 11 for Health). One-hundred and twenty-seven children (70 boys and 57 girls; age 10.7±0.5 years, body mass 41.2±9.0 kg, Body mass index 18.5±3.3 kg·m-2 and stature 149±7 cm) were evaluated for total body mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, using BIA (InBody 270, Biospace, California, USA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar Prodigy, GE Medical Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA), at baseline conditions. Data analyses were carried out separately for girls and boys. Nearly perfect associations (r = 0.97−0.99) and excellent absolute (TEM = 0.04−1.9%) and relative (ICC = 0.98−1.00) inter-device reliability were found between DEXA and BIA variables. Fat and lean body mass bias (p < .0001) were practically relevant both for the boys (2.56 and 11.22 kg, respectively) and the girls (2.33 and 10.49 kg, respectively). Muscle mass and body fat were underestimated and overestimated, respectively, for the boys and girls. InBody 270 is a valid BIA system for estimating body composition with an excellent inter-device relative and absolute reliability. However, the remarkable measurements bias of BIA fat and muscle mass values discourage its use for clinical prescription. The BIA body composition biases were sex dependent.

scholarly journals No Influence of Body Composition on Serum Growth Hormone Response to Acute Dynamic Exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Emina Nakaš-Ićindić ◽  
Almira Hadžović ◽  
Elma Kučukalić-Selimović ◽  
Nesina Avdagić ◽  
Asija Zaćiragić
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Serum Gh

Physical effort is a strong physiological stimulus that provokes an increase in blood growth hormone (GH) concentration. Interactions between GH and body composition are very complex. Seven athletes and seven age-matched controls completed a single 30-min bout of upright cycling exercise (5 % of VO(2max).) in order to estimate the influence of body composition on serum GH concentration during exercise. The serum GH concentration was measured in blood samples by standard immunoradiometric (IRMA) method. Anthropometric measurements were used for the calculation of body composition. There were no significant differences in total body mass or body mass index between the groups. The athletes had significantly less fat and higher bone and muscle mass. Serum GH concentration was 2.39 times higher in the athlets versus the control in the period of rest. During acute exercise, the serum GH concentration increased in both groups. No statistically significant differences between the groups in serum GH concentration were found either during the exercise or in the recovery. No correlation between body composition and serum GH concentration was found. Body composition depends on the level of physical activities but if the total body mass is in physiologycal range it does not influence the serum GH response to acute exercise.

Integrated total body composition versus Body Mass Index in young athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Petri ◽  
Gabriele Mascherini ◽  
Vittorio Bini ◽  
Giuseppe Anania ◽  
Piergiuseppe Calà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Patterns of clinical presentation of climacteric syndrome and total body composition in women with menopausal metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Z. E. Shulukian ◽  
L. S. Tselkovich ◽  
R. B. Balter ◽  
T. V. Ivanova ◽  
A. R. Ibragimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. Modern gynecological endocrinology widely discusses various disorders accompanying the onset of menopause. Metabolic disorders are one of the leading risk factors for the development of ischemic heart disease and vascular dystonia in menopausal women. That is why the drugs prescribed as part of menopausal hormone therapy are contraindicated for patients with severe metabolic disorders and predisposition to thrombosis. Women with a normal body mass index may develop the menopausal metabolic syndrome, since its presentations largely depend on the total body composition and the specific gravity of visceral adipose tissue.Aim. To assess the patterns of clinical presentation of menopause in women with metabolic menopausal syndrome.Materials and methods. In the furtherance of that aim, we examined 184 women who were in menopause 1 to 5 years at the age of 52 to 57 years (average age 54.2 ± 0.5 years). Of these, 87 were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome – they were included in the main group. The comparison group included 97 menopausal women without metabolic disorders.Results and discussion. We assessed the severity of clinical presentations and the total body composition of the patients in the selected groups. It has been established that the body mass index cannot serve as a criterion for evaluation of metabolic processes, despite the sufficient simplicity of its computation.Conclusions. The authentic view of the risks of metabolic disorders in menopausal women requires the study of total body composition.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term continuous positive airway pressure on body composition and IGF1

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Münzer ◽  
Andrea Hegglin ◽  
Tobias Stannek ◽  
Otto D Schoch ◽  
Wolfgang Korte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Total Body

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on body composition (BC) and IGF1.DesignObservational study.SubjectsSeventy-eight (11 females and 67 males) OSAS patients who were compliant with CPAP (age 51±1.1 years) participated in the study. We assessed body mass index (BMI), total body mass (TBM), total body fat (TBF; kg) and lean body mass (LBM; kg), abdominal subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (V) fat (cm2), and waist circumference (WC; cm) by magnetic resonance imaging, and IGF1 (ng/ml) before and after 7.8±1.3 months of CPAP use of an average of 5.9±1.2 h.ResultsWomen had a higher BMI, WC; TBM, TBF, and more SC fat. Men had a higher LBM and more V fat. CPAP increased WC (+2.8±9.6 cm,P=0.02) and LBM (2.2±0.5 kg,P=0.006), but not IGF1. In men, CPAP increased BMI (0.5±0.2 kg/m2,P=0.02), WC (1.7±6.9 cm,P=0.002), TBM (1.7±0.4 kg,P=0.0001), LBM (1.5±0.4 kg,P=0.0003), SC fat (12.9±5.1 cm2,P=0.02), and IGF1 (13.6±4.2 ng/ml,P=0.002).Compliance with CPAP increased LBM in men aged <60 years, but not in those aged >60 years, and IGF1 increased in men aged 40–60 years only.ConclusionsLong-term CPAP increased LBM in both sexes and IGF1 in men, while fat mass remained unchanged, suggesting a sexually dimorphic response of IGF1 to CPAP. The role of the GH axis activity and age to this response is unclear. The metabolic consequences of changes in LBM are still to be determined. Future studies on the effects of CPAP on BC should include LBM as an outcome.

scholarly journals Melanocortin antagonism ameliorates muscle wasting and inflammation in chronic kidney disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. F1315-F1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai W. Cheung ◽  
Robert H. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Total Body

Aberrant melanocortin signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we demonstrated that agouti-related peptide (AgRP), a melenocortin-4 receptor antagonist, reduced CKD-associated cachexia in CKD mice. Our previous studies with AgRP utilized dual energy X-ray (DXA) densitometry to assess the body composition in mice (Cheung W, Kuo HJ, Markison S, Chen C, Foster AC, Marks DL, Mak RH. J Am Soc Nephrol 18: 2517–2524, 2007; Cheung W, Yu PX, Little BM, Cone RD, Marks DL, Mak RH. J Clin Invest 115: 1659–1665, 2005). DXA is unable to differentiate water content in mice, and fluid retention in CKD may lead to an overestimate of lean mass. In this study, we employed quantitative magnetic resonance technique to evaluate body composition change following central administration of AgRP in a CKD mouse model. AgRP treatment improved energy expenditure, total body mass, fat mass, and lean body mass in CKD mouse. We also investigated the effect of CKD-associated cachexia on the signaling pathways leading to wasting in skeletal muscle, as well as whether these changes can be ameliorated by central administration of AgRP. AgRP treatment caused an overall decrease in proinflammatory cytokines, which may be one important mechanism of its effects. Muscle wasting in CKD may be due to the activation of proteolytic pathways as well as inhibition of myogenesis and muscle regeneration processes. Our results suggest that these aberrant pathological pathways leading to muscle wasting in CKD mice were ameliorated by central administration of AgRP.

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