scholarly journals The Association of Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin with the Dietary Fat Content in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2753
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Maria Polak ◽  
Anna Krentowska ◽  
Agnieszka Łebkowska ◽  
Angelika Buczyńska ◽  
Marcin Adamski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Serum Ghrelin

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and abdominal obesity in the state of an improper diet balance. Leptin is a peptide considered to be a satiety hormone that plays an important role in the long-term energy balance, whereas ghrelin is a hormone that controls short-term appetite regulation and is considered a hunger hormone. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations and the dietary macronutrient content in PCOS women. We examined 73 subjects: 39 women diagnosed with PCOS by the Rotterdam criteria and 34 healthy controls, matched by the body mass index. The subjects completed a consecutive three-day dietary diary to identify the macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Serum concentrations of leptin and total ghrelin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The studied groups did not differ significantly in terms of the intake of macronutrients (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) and serum concentrations of ghrelin and leptin (all p > 0.05). In the PCOS group, the serum leptin concentration positively correlated with the intake of total fat (r = 0.36, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = −0.36, p = 0.02), saturated fatty acids (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (r = 0.37, p = 0.02), whereas the serum ghrelin concentration correlated in an inverse manner with the intake of total fat (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), MUFA (r = −0.37, p = 0.02), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.34, p = 0.03), and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (r = −0.38, p = 0.02). In this group, we also found a negative association of HOMA-IR with serum ghrelin levels (r = −0.4, p = 0.03) and a positive relationship with the serum leptin concentration (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and relationships between HOMA-IR and total dietary fat (r = 0.38, p = 0.03) and MUFA (r = 0.35, p = 0.04) intake. In PCOS women, dietary components such as the total fat and type of dietary fat and HOMA-IR are positively connected to serum leptin concentrations and negatively connected to serum ghrelin concentrations, which may influence the energy balance.

scholarly journals Body Composition, Serum Concentrations of Androgens and Insulin Resistance in Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Maria Polak ◽  
Agnieszka Adamska ◽  
Anna Krentowska ◽  
Agnieszka Łebkowska ◽  
Justyna Hryniewicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
G Ratio

Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia observed in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with metabolic disturbances and could be connected with body composition pattern. To date, several studies defining the parameters of body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method in the group of PCOS patients have been published, however, without the analysis in different phenotypes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between serum androgens concentration, insulin resistance and distribution of fat mass using DXA method in various PCOS phenotypes according to the Rotterdam criteria. We examined 146 women: 34 (38%) had PCOS phenotype A, 20 (23%) phenotype B, 20 (23%) phenotype C and 15 (16%) phenotype D (with mean age of each phenotype 25 years), and 57 control subjects (mean age of 25.5 years). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Serum concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were assessed and free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. In phenotypes A, B and C, we observed higher FAI in comparison to the control group (all p < 0.01). Serum concentrations of androstenedione and DHEA-S were higher in phenotypes A and C in comparison to the control group (all p < 0.01). However, only in phenotype A we found higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and android/gynoid ratio (A/G ratio) in comparison to the control group (all p < 0.01). In phenotype A, we observed connection of VAT with FAI (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). Accordingly, A/G ratio was related with FAI in all phenotypes (all p < 0.05). Additionally, in phenotype C, A/G ratio was related to serum concentrations of DHEA-S and androstenedione (r = 0.46, p = 0.03; r = 0.53, p = 0.01, respectively). We also found connections of HOMA-IR with VAT and A/G ratio in all phenotypes (all p < 0.05). Women with phenotype A had higher amount of VAT and A/G ratio in comparison to the control group. Serum concentration of androgens and insulin resistance are connected with VAT and A/G ratio in normoandrogenic and hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes.

Evaluation the Role of Ghrelin and Leptin as Biochemical Marker in Female with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmod Khalil Ibrahim ◽  
Amina Hamed Ahmed Alobaidi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Serum Ghrelin

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous complex disorder of unwell defined aetiology. Some studies report its association to various endocrine, metabolic and immunological abnormalities. The hunger hormones ghrelin and leptin affect the pathogenesis of PCOS and might lead to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese women. Aim: The study aims at evaluating the role of ghrelin and leptin level in female with poly cystic ovary syndrome as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis and monitoring progression. Subjects and Methods: The study including one hundred PCOS patients and fifty apparently healthy subjects with regular menstrual cycle, visiting gynecology outpatient clinic of Kalar General Hospital, from the beginning of February 2015 to the end of June 2015. Body mass index (BMI) along with serum ghrelin, leptin, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were measured for both groups. Serum leptin was determined using sandwich ELISA, while serum ghrelin was determined using competitive ELISA. Differences between patient and control groups were tested by using t-test. Also one way Anova was used to test the relation among different groups. Results: There was a significant decrease in ghrelin level and increase in leptin levels in women with PCOS when compared with control group. Also there was a significant elevation in serum level of LH ,Testosterone , Prolactin and decrease in serum FSH in PCOS patients when compared to control group. Additionally, serum ghrelin decreased and serum leptin level increased significantly in women with PCOS compared to controls in all age and BMI groups. Conclusion: The significant decrease in ghrelin and increased in leptin in PCOS patients than in controls indicated that they are at high risk for metabolic syndrome development.

scholarly journals Serum leptin level in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and its relation to insulin resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Mohammad Nomair ◽  
Nisreen K Aref ◽  
Ferzana Rizwan ◽  
Omaima H. Ezzo ◽  
Nada Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Leptin

scholarly journals Serum Leptin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of Insulin Resistance/ Hyperinsulinemia1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1692-1696
Author(s):  
G. A. Laughlin ◽  
A. J. Morales ◽  
S. S. C. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Insulin Levels

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance (IR)/hyperinsulinemia, and a high incidence of obesity. Thus, PCOS serves as a useful model to assess the role of IR and chronic endogenous insulin excess on leptin levels. Thirty-three PCOS and 32 normally cycling (NC) women of similar body mass index (BMI) were studied. Insulin sensitivity (SI) was assessed by rapid ivGTT in a subset of 28 PCOS and 29 NC subjects; percent body fat was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in 14 PCOS and 17 NC. Fasting (0800 h) and 24-h mean hourly insulin levels were 2-fold higher (P &lt; 0.0001), and SI was 50% lower (P = 0.005) in PCOS than in NC, while serum androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), 17-α hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), and estrone (E1) levels were elevated (P &lt; 0.0001), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were decreased (P &lt; 0.01). Twenty-four hour LH pulse frequency, mean pulse amplitude, and mean LH levels were elevated in PCOS (P &lt; 0.001) as compared with NC. Serum leptin levels for PCOS (24.1 ± 2.6 ng/mL) did not differ from NC (21.5 ± 3.5 ng/mL) and were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.81) and percent body fat (r = 0.91) for the two groups (both P &lt; 0.0001). Leptin levels for PCOS and NC correlated positively with fasting and 24-h mean insulin levels (r = 0.81, P &lt; 0.0001 for both PCOS and NC) and negatively with SI and SHBG levels. Leptin concentrations for PCOS, but not NC, correlated positively with 24-h mean glucose levels and inversely with 24-h mean LH levels and 24-h mean LH pulse amplitude. Leptin levels were not correlated with estrogen or androgen levels for either PCOS or NC, although leptin levels were positively related to the ratios of E1/SHBG and E2/SHBG for both PCOS and NC and to the ratio of T/SHBG for PCOS only. In stepwise multivariate regression with forward selection, only 24-h mean insulin levels contributed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) to leptin levels independent of BMI and percent body fat for both PCOS and NC. Given this relationship and the presence of 2-fold higher 24-h mean insulin levels in PCOS, the expected elevation of leptin levels in PCOS was not found. This paradox may be explained by the presence of adipocyte IR specific to PCOS, which may negate the stimulatory impact of hyperinsulinemia on leptin secretion, a proposition requiring further study.

scholarly journals The gut microbial composition in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance: findings from a normal‐weight population

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang He ◽  
Yumei Li
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Background Limited studies have reported the relationship between intestinal flora dysbiosis and clinical characteristics in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the structure and characteristics of gut microbiota in PCOS have not been fully elucidated. Objective To analyze the composition of the Intestinal flora population in normal-weight women with PCOS and insulin resistance(IR) compared to PCOS alone and healthy women. Methods A total of 14 PCOS patients with insulin resistant(PCOS-IR) and 12 PCOS alone (PCOS-NIR), and 10 age- and body mass index-matched healthy control women (HC). BMI: 18.5–23.9 kg/m2. The bacterial 16 S rDNA V3-V4 fragment was amplified and sequenced. Then, the sequencing data were analyzed for species annotation, community diversity, and inter-group differences, to explore gut microbial characteristics of the subjects and their correlation with clinical parameters. Results No significant difference in diversity was observed between PCOA and sample cluster analysis among the three groups (Beta-diversity) and Alpha-diversity. The relative abundance of Rothia, Ruminococcus, and Enterococcus was significantly higher in the PCOS-IR group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05), while that of Prevotella was dramatically decreased (P < 0.05). The abundance of Enterococcus was positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and insulin resistance index. Meanwhile, Rothia abundance is positively associated with waist circumference and free fatty acids. Conclusions The gut microbial composition of PCOS patients with insulin resistance is different from that of PCOS alone and healthy women. The difference is correlated with the clinical characteristics of PCOS, with regards to insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, free fatty acids, and other indicators. PCOS-IR patients have an increased abundance of Enterococcus which potentially the intestinal environment of the host by enriching the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance, causing the occurrence and development of PCOS.

Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Erel ◽  
L. M. Senturk ◽  
S. Kaleli ◽  
A. Gezer ◽  
B. Baysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Serum Leptin
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