Self-Reported Diet Quality Differentiates Nutrient Intake, Blood Nutrient Status, Mood, and Cognition: Implications for Identifying Nutritional Neurocognitive Risk Factors in Middle Age

Evidence for diet quality representing a modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline and mood disturbances has typically come from retrospective, cross-sectional analyses. Here a diet screening tool (DST) was used to categorize healthy middle-aged volunteers (n = 141, 40–65 years) into “optimal” or “sub-optimal” diet groups to investigate cross-sectional associations between diet quality, cognitive function, and mood. The DST distinguished levels of nutrient intake as assessed by Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recall and nutrient status, as assessed by blood biomarker measures. Compared with the “sub-optimal” group, the “optimal” diet group showed significantly higher intake of vitamin E (p = 0.007), magnesium (p = 0.001), zinc (p = 0.043) and fiber (p = 0.015), higher circulating levels of vitamin B6 (p = 0.030) and red blood cell folate (p = 0.026) and lower saturated fatty acids (p = 0.012). Regarding psychological outcomes, the “optimal” diet group had significantly better Stroop processing than those with a “sub-optimal” diet (p = 0.013). Regression analysis revealed that higher DST scores were associated with fewer mood disturbances (p = 0.002) and lower perceived stress (p = 0.031), although these differences were not significant when comparing “optimal” versus “sub-optimal” as discrete groups. This study demonstrates the potential of a 20-item diet screen to identify both nutritional and psychological status in an Australian setting.

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Intake of Potatoes Is Associated with Higher Diet Quality, and Improved Nutrient Intake and Adequacy among US Adolescents: NHANES 2001–2018 Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2614

Author(s):

Sanjiv Agarwal ◽

Victor L. Fulgoni

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Recall Data ◽

Fiber Protein ◽

Potato Consumption

Potatoes are nutrient rich white vegetables, however, research on their impact on public health is limited. The objective of this study was to provide updated evaluation of the cross-sectional association between potato consumption and diet quality, nutrient intake and adequacy. Twenty-four hour diet recall data from adolescents (n = 16,633; age 9–18 years) were used to assess intakes. Usual intakes of nutrients were determined using the National Cancer Institute method and diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) after adjusting for demographic factors. Consumers of potatoes (baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures, fried potatoes, and potato chips) had higher (p < 0.05) HEI-2015 total score and subcomponent scores for total vegetables, total protein foods, and refined grain than non-consumers. Consumers also had higher (p < 0.05) intake of energy, dietary fiber, protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, zinc, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin K and total choline; and higher (p < 0.05) adequacy for protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin K than non-consumers. In conclusion, adolescent potato consumption was associated with higher diet quality, nutrient intake, and adequacy and therefore encouraging their consumption may be an effective strategy for improving nutritional status.

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Nutrient intake variability and the number of days needed to estimate usual intake in children aged 13–32 months

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516004657 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 287-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luana L. Padilha ◽

Ana Karina T. d. C. França ◽

Sueli I. O. da Conceição ◽

Wyllyane Rayana C. Carvalho ◽

Mônica A. Batalha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Intake ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Soluble Fibre ◽

Insoluble Fibre ◽

Usual Intake ◽

Program Version

AbstractThe number of days of data required to accurately estimate usual nutrient intake of children is not well established. This study aims to calculate the variability and the number of days required to estimate usual nutrient intake in children aged 13–32 months. This cross-sectional study, which is part of the BRISA Project in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, involved 231 children from April 2011 to January 2013. Socio-economic and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and 3 non-consecutive days of food consumption were collected using a 24-h dietary recall (24HDR) survey. Intrapersonal and interpersonal variability and variance ratio (VR) were obtained for each nutrient using the Multiple Source Method® program (version 1.0.1). The number of days (d) needed was calculated using the formula proposed by Black et al. for different correlation coefficients (r) (i.e. 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9). For the vast majority of nutrients, intrapersonal and interpersonal variability values of <1 were observed, with even smaller intrapersonal variabilities, resulting in low VR (<1). More days were needed to estimate intakes of soluble fibre (12), insoluble fibre (11), total fibre (10), vitamin C (9) and PUFA (7), while fewer days were needed for energy, carbohydrate, SFA, Ca, Fe, P and Zn (all had 2 d for r 0·9). However, most nutrients required one, two or three 24HDR for r 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9.

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More frequent cooking at home is associated with higher Healthy Eating Index-2015 score

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003549 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (13) ◽

pp. 2384-2394 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julia A Wolfson ◽

Cindy W Leung ◽

Caroline R Richardson

Keyword(s):

Healthy Eating ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Lower Income ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Income Status ◽

The Usa ◽

At Home

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between cooking frequency and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, overall and by income, among US adults.Design:Cross-sectional analysis using multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between cooking frequency and total HEI-2015 score adjusted for sociodemographic variables, overall and stratified by income.Setting:Nationally representative survey data from the USA.Participants:Adults aged ≥20 years (with 2 d of 24 h dietary recall data) obtained from the 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n 8668).Results:Compared with cooking dinner 0–2 times/week, greater cooking frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 score overall (≥7 times/week: +3·57 points, P < 0·001), among lower-income adults (≥7 times/week: +2·55 points, P = 0·001) and among higher-income adults (≥7 times/week: +5·07 points, P < 0·001). Overall, total HEI-2015 score was higher among adults living in households where dinner was cooked ≥7 times/week (54·54 points) compared with adults living in households where dinner was cooked 0–2 times/week (50·57 points). In households in which dinner was cooked ≥7 times/week, total HEI-2015 score differed significantly based on income status (lower-income: 52·51 points; higher-income: 57·35 points; P = 0·003). Cooking frequency was associated with significant differences in HEI-2015 component scores, but associations varied by income.Conclusions:More frequent cooking at home is associated with better diet quality overall and among lower- and higher-income adults, although the association between cooking and better diet quality is stronger among high-income adults. Strategies are needed to help lower-income Americans consume a healthy diet regardless of how frequently they cook at home.

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A healthy plant-based diet from adolescence towards young adulthood: psychosocial determinants and nutrient intake/status correlates

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120002815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Michels

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Lower Energy ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Nutritional Knowledge

IntroductionNew dietary recommendations focus on a plant-based diet. As dietary habits are formed during adolescence, knowledge on determinants of this food choice in this age-group can help prevention campaigns. Since an unbalanced choice in plant-based food might lead to nutrient deficiencies, it is also crucial to detect its association with nutrient intake and nutrient status.MethodsIn 2330 adolescents from the European HELENA study in 2006, a healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) was calculated based on two 24 h recalls. In Belgium, 69 of them were remeasured in 2016 as young adults. The psychosocial determinants nutritional knowledge, advantages, awareness, social support, social norm, self-efficacy, barriers, availability and intention were tested by multiple linear regression. Nutrient status was determined by 16 markers in fasting blood. Linear regressions with hPDI as predictor and nutrient intake/status as outcome were adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, BMI, waist circumference, energy-intake, physical activity and smoking.ResultsThere was a strong correlation in hPDI after 10 years (Spearman = 0.56, p < 0.001). Determinants for adolescents’ plant-based diet were in descending order being a girl(β = 0.245;p < 0.001), a higher BMI(β = 0.140;p < 0.001), knowing the advantages(β = 0.104;p < 0.001), having availability over healthy food(β = 0.100;p < 0.001), high self-efficacy(β = 0.087;p < 0.001), health awareness(β = 0.072,p = 0.004), younger age(β = -0.048;p = 0.015) and better nutritional knowledge(β = 0.046;p = 0.020). In adolescents, hPDI was associated with lower energy intake, especially less overall fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, proteins and mono/di-saccharides but more fibre. In micronutrients, higher intake of calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, vitamin A, C, E, K but less vitamin B12 and D were detected. Concerning nutrient status, hPDI was related to higher low-density cholesterol, vitamin D, vitamin C and beta-carotene levels. In adults, hPDI was associated with lower energy intake, especially less overall fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids but more carbohydrates and fibre, magnesium and vitamin C; while not with nutrient status. Longitudinally, we confirmed the link with intake of more fiber, potassium and less cholesterol. Additionally, a longitudinal positive association with poly-unsaturated fat intake was seen.ConclusionTracking of hPDI over 10 years proved the importance of targeting these determinants in adolescents. The hPDI was indeed generally linked to a healthier dietary intake, especially more fiber, a healthier fat choice and higher vitamin intake except for lower vitamin B12 and D. Nevertheless, the latter two were not reflected in more deficiencies and nutrient status differences were limited.

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Nutrient intake and biochemical status of non-institutionalized elderly subjects in Norwich: comparison with younger adults and adolescents from the same general community

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950151 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 453-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A. J. A. Wright ◽

Susan Southon ◽

Angela L. Bailey ◽

P. M. Finglas ◽

Susan Maisey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Plasma Cholesterol ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Chronically Ill ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Age Related ◽

Biochemical Status ◽

Biochemical Measurements

The Department of Health (1992) has recently stated that ‘Nutritional reviews concerning elderly people are especially constrained by lack of data’, and that much of the emphasis in the nutritional literature has been placed on the study of institutionalized, and often chronically ill, elderly subjects rather than the non-institutionalized elderly who form the majority of this population. The present study presents information on the dietary intake and biochemical status of non-institutionalized elderly subjects (68–73 and 74–90 years) and compares such data with those obtained for adult (20–64 years) and adolescent (13–14 years) populations living within the same community. Nutrient intakes and appropriate biochemical measurements of nutrient status, performed on fasting blood samples, were statistically examined and have been discussed in relation to potential age-related influences. The nutrient intake of elderly subjects was on a par with adolescents of corresponding sex but generally lower than that of adult counterparts. There were several significant differences in biochemical measurements of nutrient status between age groups. In general these did not suggest progressive age-related trends. However, there were significant suggestions of age-related increases in whole-blood glutathione peroxidase (EC1·11·1·9) activity, serum ferritin, plasma cholesterol, LDL and triacylglycerol concentrations and decreases in plasma HDL and ascorbic acid concentrations. The significance of these differences is discussed. An age-related difference (suggestive of a decline) in vitamin C status together with a difference (suggestive of an increase) in glutathione peroxidase activity may indicate an imbalance in the regulation of O2-derived free-radicals with ageing. These observations are worthy of a further study in the light of current thinking which relates the induction of a number of diseases to oxidative damage.

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Nutrient intake and gender differences among Saudi children

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Hebah A. Kutbi

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Community Needs ◽

Quality Diet ◽

And Gender ◽

Dietary Data

Abstract Dietary surveillance is necessary to determine community needs for nutrition interventions. Yet, the nutrient intake of Saudi children has not been previously investigated. The objective of the present study is to evaluate dietary data of Saudi children and investigate gender differences in nutrient intake. In this cross-sectional study, dietary data of 424 Saudi children (6–12 years of age) were collected using telephone-administered single 24-h dietary recall. Three 24-h dietary recalls were collected from a subsample of 168 children (39⋅6 %) and compared with the Dietary Recommended Intakes (DRIs). Nutrient intakes and proportions of children meeting the DRI requirements were similar and did not vary by children's gender. Over two-thirds of the children had an adequate usual intake of vitamin B12, and over half had adequate intakes (AIs) of vitamin C and phosphorus. On the other hand, our data indicated that low proportions of children consumed adequate usual intakes of magnesium and vitamin E. Over half of the children in our sample met the AI for sodium and vitamin D. Only small proportions of children met the AI for calcium, potassium and fibre. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake exceeded the limits of 300 mg and 10 % of total energy intake by 13⋅7 % (n 23) and 80⋅4 % (n 135) of the sample, respectively. Suboptimal intake of several micronutrients was observed among children, suggesting an urgent need to identify barriers to high-quality diet and to develop evidence-based interventions to promote optimal dietary efficacy for children in Saudi Arabia.

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Adherence to Dietary Recommendations, Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Diet Quality among Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Results from the GreeCF Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dimitrios Poulimeneas ◽

Maria G. Grammatikopoulou ◽

Panagiota Devetzi ◽

Argyri Petrocheilou ◽

Athanasios G. Kaditis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Optimal Adherence

Nutrition is an important component of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapy, with a high-fat diet being the cornerstone of treatment. However, adherence to the dietary recommendations for CF appears suboptimal and burdensome for most children and adolescents with CF, leading to malnutrition, inadequate growth, compromised lung function and increased risk for respiratory infections. A cross-sectional approach was deployed to examine the degree of adherence to the nutrition recommendations and diet quality among children with CF. A total of 76 children were recruited from Aghia Sophia’s Children Hospital, in Athens, Greece. In their majority, participants attained their ideal body weight, met the recommendations for energy and fat intake, exceeding the goal for saturated fatty acids consumption. Carbohydrate and fiber intake were suboptimal and most participants exhibited low or mediocre adherence to the Mediterranean diet prototype. It appears that despite the optimal adherence to the energy and fat recommendations, there is still room for improvement concerning diet quality and fiber intake.

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Perceived and objective diet quality in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014000196 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 2641-2649 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tiffany M Powell-Wiley ◽

Paige E Miller ◽

Priscilla Agyemang ◽

Tanya Agurs-Collins ◽

Jill Reedy

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Examination Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Total Fat

AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Little is understood about the relationship between objective diet quality and perceived diet quality (PDQ), a potential psychosocial barrier to appropriate dietary intake. We compared PDQ and diet quality measured by a nutrient-based DASH index score in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study. Participants in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) rated diet quality on a 5-point Likert scale and PDQ scores were generated (low, medium, high). A single 24 h dietary recall was used to estimate DASH index scores (range 0–9 points) by assigning 0, 0·5 or 1 point (optimal) for nine target nutrients: total fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, fibre, Ca, Mg, K and Na.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsAdults aged ≥19 years in 2005–2006 NHANES (n 4419).ResultsParticipants with high PDQ (33 %) had higher DASH index scores (mean 3·0 (sd 0·07)) than those with low PDQ (mean 2·5 (sd 0·06), P < 0·001), but average scores did not align with targets for intermediate or optimal DASH accordance. Adults with high PDQ reported higher total fat, saturated fat and Na intakes compared with optimal DASH nutrient goals. Differences between those with high v. low PDQ were similar for Whites and Blacks, but there was no difference between PDQ groups for Mexican Americans.ConclusionsAmong Whites and Blacks, but not Mexican Americans, high PDQ may be associated with higher diet quality, but not necessarily a diet meeting DASH nutrient goals. This disconnect between PDQ and actual diet quality may serve as a target in obesity prevention.

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Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001400322x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 2511-2522 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sandjaja ◽

Idrus Jus’at ◽

Abas B Jahari ◽

Ifrad ◽

Min Kyaw Htet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Vitamin A Deficiency ◽

Retinyl Palmitate ◽

Oil Consumption ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Poor Households

AbstractObjectiveTo assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.DesignPre–post evaluation between two surveys.SettingTwenty-four villages in West Java.SubjectsPoor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baselinen324/endlinen349), their infants aged 6–11 months (n318/n335) and children aged 12–59 months (n469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5–9 years (n186) and women aged 15–29 years (n171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.ResultsFortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12–23 months, 24–59 months, 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2–19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6–11 months, children aged 5–9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12–23 months;P=0·057 in children aged 24–59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 μg/dl at baseline and 32·5 μg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 μg/dl) was 6·5–18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6–6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6–59 months (P=0·003) and 5–9 years (P=0·03).ConclusionsAlthough this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.

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Nutrient intake of European adolescents: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013000463 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 486-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Katharina Diethelm ◽

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Luis Moreno ◽

Stefaan De Henauw ◽

Yannis Manios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Initiatives

AbstractObjectiveAn adequate nutritional intake in childhood and adolescence is crucial for growth and the prevention of youth and adult obesity and nutrition-related morbidities. Improving nutrient intake in children and adolescents is of public health importance. The purpose of the present study was to describe and evaluate the nutrient intake in a European sample using the D-A-CH nutrient intake recommendations and the Nutritional Quality Index (NQI).DesignThe HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, the main objective of which is to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years.SettingEight cities in Europe.SubjectsThe initial sample consisted of 3528 European adolescents. Among these, 1590 adolescents (54 % female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and nutrient intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software.ResultsThe intakes of most macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were in line with the D-A-CH recommendations. While the intakes of SFA and salt were too high, the intake of PUFA was too low. Furthermore, the intakes of vitamin D, folate, iodine and F were less than about 55 % of the recommendations. The median NQI was about 71 (of a maximum of 100).ConclusionsThe intakes of most nutrients were adequate. However, further studies using suitable criteria to assess nutrient status are needed. Public health initiatives should educate children and adolescents regarding balanced food choices.

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