Aardappeleters

Potato eaters. A mundane theme in painting, 1885-1905 In late nineteenth-century Dutch art criticism, the topic of ‘poor people eating potatoes’ seems to have been a kind of litmus test for modern, Realist art. It was a sign of the dissolution of the hierachy of the genres, the decline of idealist painting with its elevated, literary themes, and it marked the emerging popularity of commonplace subjects without specific moral meaning attached to them. Likewise, painting of romantic, picturesque landscapes gave way to the more prosaic theme of hard work in the field. Poor farm workers at their shabby meal of potatoes, the fruits of their labour, were part of this subject matter. ‘Modern’ critics welcomed the shift in topics, ‘conservative’ ones fulminated against what they saw as a sign of decay. Catalogues of Exhibitions of Living Artists (Tentoonstellingen van Levende Meesters) and other expositions have been searched for paintings showing potato eaters, or related images like potato peeling, planting, digging, or potato still lifes. Quantitatively, these exhibitions did not justify the art critics’ rhetoric. Qualitatively, the critics’ aversion to the ‘potato eating’ theme was possibly related to its association with poverty and the imminent physical and moral decay of the lower class of the population. In modern realistic literature potato consumption also stood for degeneration. Partly outside the official art circuity, artists like Mauve, Witsen, Toorop, and especially Van Gogh showed potato production and consumption as ‘The Heroism of Daily Life’.

Potato consumption is not associated with elevated cardiometabolic risk in adolescent girls

We examined the association between potato consumption in two different age periods during adolescence and risk of obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction in White and Black girls. We used data from the biracial prospective National Growth and Health Study. Average potato consumption was derived from multiple 3-day food records in two age periods, 9-11 and 9-17 years, and included white and sweet potatoes from all sources. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for becoming overweight, developing prehypertension, elevated triglyceride (TG) levels, or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at 18-20 years of age according to category of daily potato intake. We also stratified by cooking method (fried/non-fried) and race. Analysis of covariance was also used to estimate adjusted mean levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, log-transformed TGs, the TG to high-density lipoprotein (TG:HDL) ratio, and fasting glucose levels associated with potato intake category. Higher potato consumption was associated with higher fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes and higher HEI scores in Black girls. There were no statistically significant associations overall between moderate or higher (vs. lower) intakes of potatoes and risks of overweight, prehypertension, elevated fasting triglycerides, high TG:HDL ratio or IFG. Also, no adverse associations were found between fried or non-fried potato intake and cardiometabolic outcomes. Potato consumption has been the subject of much controversy in recent years. This study adds evidence that potato consumption among healthy girls during the critical period of adolescence was not associated with cardiometabolic risk.

Intake of Potatoes Is Associated with Higher Diet Quality, and Improved Nutrient Intake and Adequacy among US Adolescents: NHANES 2001–2018 Analysis

Potatoes are nutrient rich white vegetables, however, research on their impact on public health is limited. The objective of this study was to provide updated evaluation of the cross-sectional association between potato consumption and diet quality, nutrient intake and adequacy. Twenty-four hour diet recall data from adolescents (n = 16,633; age 9–18 years) were used to assess intakes. Usual intakes of nutrients were determined using the National Cancer Institute method and diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) after adjusting for demographic factors. Consumers of potatoes (baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures, fried potatoes, and potato chips) had higher (p < 0.05) HEI-2015 total score and subcomponent scores for total vegetables, total protein foods, and refined grain than non-consumers. Consumers also had higher (p < 0.05) intake of energy, dietary fiber, protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, zinc, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin K and total choline; and higher (p < 0.05) adequacy for protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin K than non-consumers. In conclusion, adolescent potato consumption was associated with higher diet quality, nutrient intake, and adequacy and therefore encouraging their consumption may be an effective strategy for improving nutritional status.

Frequency of Boiled Potato Consumption and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the Prospective Population-Based HUNT Study

Few studies have assessed the association between potato consumption and mortality, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Our objective was to investigate the association between consumption of boiled potatoes and all-cause and CVD mortality in a Norwegian population. We used data from the population based HUNT3 study in Norway, with data on boiled potato consumption frequency in 2006–2008 from 49,926 males and females aged 20 years or above. All-cause and CVD mortality were identified during 10 years follow-up through the national Cause of Death Registry, which is virtually complete. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for death controlling for potential confounders, and conducted additional analyses stratified by sex, body mass index (BMI) ±25 kg/m2, and age ±65 years. There were 4,084 deaths and 1,284 of these were due to CVD. Frequency of boiled potato consumption was not associated with all-cause mortality, nor with CVD mortality. Compared to those individuals who consumed boiled potatoes less than once weekly, those who reported to consume boiled potatoes 1–3 times per week had an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.12 (0.89, 1.41) for all-cause mortality and 1.20 (0.78, 1.86) for CVD mortality. Individuals who consumed boiled potatoes 4–6 times per week had HRs of 0.97 (0.78, 1.21) and 1.03 (0.68, 1.55), for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively, whereas those who consumed boiled potatoes more than once daily had HRs of 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) and 1.09 (0.73, 1.63) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. There was no evidence of differential associations for males vs. females, nor between people with BMI ± 25 kg/m2. The associations between frequency of boiled potato consumption and all-cause mortality showed different patterns between those younger vs. older than 65 years, with a tendency of increased risk only in the oldest age group. In conclusion, frequency of consumption of boiled potatoes was not associated with all-cause or CVD mortality in the HUNT population in Norway.

An Analysis of Household Consumers’ Awareness, Perceptions, Attitudes and Behaviour Towards Irish Potato Procurement and Consumption in Urban Areas in Cameroon

The aim of this study was to measure the effects of townspeople’s origin and acculturation on Irish potato procurement and consumption in Cameroon. It is part of the logic of developing strategies for the introduction and diversification of urban dietary practices, to reduce hunger and undernourishment in urban areas. The study plans to discover new dishes and make them culturally and traditionally acceptable following local tastes and preferences. To provide a snapshot of Irish potato city dwellers’ consumers’ characteristics, the study used a cross-sectional design. The cross-sectional sample is made up of 180 subjects, taken in each of the 12 associations; aged at least 10 years, of people, originated from Irish potato-producing areas or non, chosen in Yaoundé city, i.e. 6 associations per category. They must have spent at least 2 years in the association, that is to say, that they have experience of urban life and have stabilized their food supply mode. The main idea was that subjects from producing areas are consumers of Irish potato, following traditional food consumption patterns and concepts of food availability, while those from non-producing areas are consumers who progressively integrate and adopt potato dishes into their diets through the impact of acculturation and exposure. The first was chosen according to the sociocultural factors determining the nature of the traditional food intake in the production areas. All regions in which Irish potato was not produced were considered as non-producing areas. Results show that the predisposition of traditional food systems and preferences lead city dwellers to consume specific foods in particular ways; all the people interviewed consume Irish potato, but not at the same rate; Irish potato dishes vary and people from non-producing areas already eat some dishes like fried potato and chips at high scale. Intercultural associations could thus be an important channel for sharing Irish potato consumption information.

Intake of Potatoes is Associated with Higher Diet Quality, and Improved Nutrient Intake and Adequacy Among US adolescents: NHANES 2001-2018 Analysis.

Background: Potatoes are nutrient rich white vegetables and are most widely consumed staple food. Research on potato consumption and impact on public health is limited and inconclusive. The objective of this study was to provide updated evaluation of the cross-sectional association between potato consumption and diet quality, nutrient intake and adequacy among adolescents. Methods: Two day 24-hour diet recall data from adolescents (n=16,633; age 9-18 years) participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2018 were used. Consumers were defined as those consuming any amount of potatoes (baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures, fried potatoes, and potato chips) on the days of dietary recall. Usual intakes of nutrients were determined using the National Cancer Institute method and diet quality was calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores after adjusting the data for demographic factors. Results: Intake of potatoes did not change over the last 18 years among US adolescent. Consumers of baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures had 4.70% higher (P<0.05) HEI-2015 total score and the score gradually increased with increasing intake quartile. HEI-2015 total scores were also higher for consumers of baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures, and fried potatoes (+2.01%, P<0.05) and for consumers of baked or boiled potatoes, mashed potatoes and potato mixtures, fried potatoes, and potato chips (+1.57%, P<0.05) than non-consumers. Consumers of potatoes had higher (P<0.05) intake of energy and nutrients (dietary fiber, protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, zinc, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin K and total choline); and higher (P<0.05) nutrient adequacy for protein, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6 and vitamin C, vitamin K than non-consumers. However, potato consumers also had a higher intake of sodium.Conclusion: The results show that potato consumption was associated with better diet quality, higher nutrient intake and improved nutrient adequacy. Potatoes are nutrient rich foods and encouraging their consumption may be an effective strategy for improving intakes and adequacy of key nutrients.Trial Registration: Not applicable, as this was a secondary analysis of publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Abstract P132: Potato Consumption And Risk Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Mortality In The Alpha Omega Cohort

Introduction: Higher potatoes intake, especially French fries, was unfavorably associated with cardiometabolic endpoints in population-based studies. Little is known about this in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Hypothesis: Boiled potatoes and French fries intake might increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: We analyzed 3401 Dutch patients (60-80 y, 78% male) from the Alpha Omega Cohort, free from T2D, with an MI ≤ 10 y before enrolment. Diet was assessed at baseline (2002-2006) using a 203-item validated food frequency questionnaire, including potato preparation methods. T2D incidence (self-reported physician diagnosis and/or prescribed anti-diabetes medication) was monitored during the first 40 months of follow-up and cause-specific mortality through December 2018. Multivariable Cox models were used to obtain Hazard Ratios (HRs) for incident T2D and fatal endpoints in potato categories. Results: Patients had a median potato intake (mainly boiled) of 111 g/d (3.8 weekly servings of 200 g), with 6% consuming <1 serving per week. French fries were consumed by 48% of the patients (median: 6 g/d). Total potato intake was non-linearly associated with T2D risk during early follow-up (186 cases). Compared to 0-2 servings, HRs were 1.52 (0.97, 2.39) for 3-4 servings and 1.78 (1.10, 2.89) for ≥5 servings per week. During >12 y of follow-up (38,987 person-years) 1618 deaths occurred, of which 697 from CVD, 431 from CHD and 128 from stroke. HRs for fatal endpoints were non-significant in categories of total and boiled potatoes (Table). For French fries (consumers vs. non-consumers), HRs were 1.23 (0.89, 1.69) for T2D, 1.03 (0.87, 1.22) for fatal CVD and 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) for all-cause mortality. Conclusion: In Dutch post-MI patients, potatoes (mainly boiled) were neutrally associated with CVD and all-cause mortality. An increased risk of T2D was found for French fries, which warrants further study in CHD patient cohorts.

Zmiany w produkcji, handlu zagranicznym i zużyciu krajowym ziemniaków w Polsce w latach 2001-2019

The subject of the analysis was potato production, domestic consumption and foreign trade turnover (export and import) in Poland in 2001-2019. Based on the results of the analyzes, a medium-term projection (for 2025) was defined, covering production, directions of domestic use and foreign trade turnover of potatoes and their products. The analyzed data came from the Central Statistical Office and Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics- National Research Institute. Potato production in Poland in 2001-2019 was characterized by a downward trend. The slower drop in the harvest than in the area was due to the improvement in yield. There were various trends in domestic consumption: a decrease in total potato consumption, in the export of unprocessed potatoes, in processing in distilling and losses in storage, and an increase in food processing and other industrial processing. In foreign trade, an improvement in the positive balance of trade in potato products and a deepening of the negative trade balance in potatoes was observed. The development projection for 2025 shows that the production of potatoes in Poland may amount to 7,250,000- 7,540,000 thousand tonnes, and the demand – 7430 7570 thousand tonnes. The necessary import of fresh potatoes can amount to 30-180 thousand tonnes annually.

Intricate Agribusiness in Potato Contract Farming in Gujarat: A Review

Gujarat ranks top in potato productivity and a hub of many processing organizations. Due to the globally changing potato consumption scenario, a new structural innovation was created between producers and processors named contract farming. It is a win-win situation for both the producers and processors. Potato contract farming in Gujarat is very special as many contract farming models were established under the agribusiness domain, of which some models were informal, and some were formal, but it helped to safeguard the interest of all the stakeholders. Lack of trust, transaction costs, liquidity issues, and present business scenarios like COVID-19 like situations create a challenge to this structure. A sound strategy like farm harvest branding, basket marketing, targeting an untapped market, and increase usage rate will create a space for processing varieties and impel contract farming in the future.

Sustainability and Potato Consumption

This paper analyses the frequency of the consumption of table potatoes in Norway. The analysis shows that the frequency of potato consumption is higher in older cohorts than in younger, and it declines over the life cycle. This indicates that the total consumption will continue to decrease as older potato eating cohorts are replaced with younger cohorts who eat potatoes less frequently. This is bad for food security, it is bad for nutritional health and it is bad for the environment. It is argued that nutritional and environmental organizations should work together to increase the status of the potato.