scholarly journals Effect of High-Oleic Peanut Intake on Aging and Its Hippocampal Markers in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8)

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3461
Author(s):  
Kiharu Igarashi ◽  
Daisuke Kurata
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
High Oleic Peanuts

In many previous studies, the preventive effects of peanut against aging and cognitive impairment have often been unclear, so to clarify the effects we first investigated effective markers for evaluating its effects in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8 (SAMP8) mice, mainly using proteomics. The effects of dietary high-oleic peanuts on the hair appearance of SAMP8, the expression of effective markers in the hippocampus, and the TBARS and amino acid contents of the hippocampus were examined. Hippocampus solute carrier family 1 (glial high-affinity glutamate transporter), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II, and sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter, which all are considered to be closely related to glutamic acid concentration were decreased by feeding of the samples, and the GABA/glutamic acid ratio in the hippocampus was increased by feeding with the samples. The formation of glial fibrillary acidic protein and synapsin-2, which showed higher levels in the SAMP8 than in SAMR1, and the protein expression of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein and dihydropteridine reductase, which are considered to be related to the formation of adrenergic neuron transmitters, were reduced by the feeding of peanuts and their germ-rich fraction. Ferulic acid, as an ester and minor component in peanuts, could be partly connected to the effect of peanuts. These results indicate that high-oleic peanuts and their germ-rich fraction can protect against aging and cognitive impairment by regulating protein expression, which could be measured by the proteomics of the above hippocampus proteins of SAMP8 and the hippocampal GABA/glutamic acid ratio.

scholarly journals Activity-Dependent Modulation of Neurotransmitter Innervation to Vasopressin Neurons of the Supraoptic Nucleus

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy K. Mueller ◽  
Shi Di ◽  
Charles M. Paden ◽  
James P. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Synaptic Boutons ◽  
Vasopressin Neurons ◽  
Activity Dependent

Confocal microscopy was used to assess activity-dependent neuroplasticity in neurotransmitter innervation of vasopressin immunoreactive magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). Vesicular glutamate transporter 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) synaptic boutons were visualized in apposition to vasopressin neurons in the SON. A decrease in DBH synaptic boutons per cell was seen upon salt loading, indicating diminished noradrenergic/adrenergic innervation. Loss of DBH appositions to vasopressin neurons was associated with a general loss of DBH immunoreactivity in the SON. In contrast, the number of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 synaptic boutons per neuron increased with salt loading, consistent with increased glutamatergic drive of magnocellular SON neurons. Salt loading also caused an increase in the total number of glutamic acid decarboxylase synaptic boutons on vasopressinergic neurons, suggesting enhanced inhibitory innervation as well. These studies indicate that synaptic plasticity compensates for increased secretory demand and may indeed underlie increased secretion, perhaps via neurotransmitter-specific, activity-related changes in synaptic contacts on vasopressinergic magnocellular neurons in the SON.

Determining the Oleic/linoleic Acid Ratio in a Single Peanut Seed: a Comparison of Two Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Chamberlin ◽  
H.A. Melouk ◽  
R. Madden ◽  
J.W. Dillwith ◽  
Y. Bannore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACT Peanut varieties with high oleic/linoleic acid ratios have become preferred by the peanut industry due to their increased shelf life and improved health benefits. Many peanut breeding programs are trying to incorporate the high oleic trait into new and improved varieties and are in need of diagnostic tools to track its inheritance early in development and at the single seed level. Traditionally, gas chromatography has been used to accurately determine the properties of peanut oil. Recently a method was developed to carry out this analysis by capillary elecrophoresis providing researchers with an alternative analytical platform. In this study, the use of capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography for analysis of oleic/linoleic acid ratios are compared. Oil was extracted from approximately 0.10 g of peanut seed tissue taken from the distal end, leaving the embryonic end of the seed intact for subsequent germination. Over 100 samples inclusive of runner, Spanish and Virginia market types were processed. Oil extracts were analyzed for oleic/linoleic acid ratio using (1) capillary electrophoresis (CE) and (2) gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that the two methods are 100% in agreement in determining whether a peanut seed is “high-oleic” or “normal oleic” in oil content. Furthermore, the two methods are highly correlated (r  =  0.96; p < 0.0001) with respect to determining the exact oleic/linoleic acid ratio from each sample. Results from this study validate the use of CE as a diagnostic tool for breeding programs to identify individual high oleic peanut seed for further testing and development.

Study of genotypic variations and protein expression of the xCT subunit of cystine/glutamate transporter in pancreatic cancer.

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
T. J. Huang ◽  
D. Li ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
S. P. Kar ◽  
S. Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

210 Background: The plasma membrane xCT cystine-specific subunit of the cystine/glutamate transporter contributes to chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer by regulating intracellular glutathione levels and protecting cancer cells against oxidative stress. We previously noted that the rs7674870 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of xCT correlated with overall survival in pancreatic cancer and may be predictive of platinum resistance. There are no data regarding xCT protein expression in pancreatic cancer or the functional significance of this SNP. Methods: Paraffin-embedded core and surgical biopsy tumor specimens from 49 patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an xCT specific antibody (Novus Biologicals). xCT protein IHC expression scores (product of intensity and percentage of staining cells) were analyzed in relation to overall survival and genotype of the patients using the one factor ANOVA test, Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis. Overall survival was measured from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or last follow-up. Results: Positive xCT expression was detected in 38 (78%) of the 49 samples, and 9 (18%) patients had high levels of expression. High xCT expression was associated with lower overall survival as compared with low expression (5.1 months versus 8.8 months; p = 0.119). In a multivariate Cox regression model with adjustment for prognostic parameters of age, sex, performance status and CA19-9 level, high xCT expression was associated with a 2.1-fold increased risk of death (p = 0.096). Performance status also correlated with overall survival (p = 0.027). Preliminary analysis on the genotype-phenotype association (n = 12) indicated that xCT expression was higher with the TT genotype than the TC/CC genotype (p = 0.115), which is consistent with the previous observation that the TT genotype was associated with reduced survival. Conclusions: These data provide supporting evidence for a possible role of cystine/glutamate transporter xCT subunit in pancreatic cancer progression and survival. Further pharmacogenomic and clinicopathologic studies are ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Improving Shelf Life of Roasted and Salted Inshell Peanuts Using High Oleic Fatty Acid Chemistry

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Mozingo ◽  
S. F. O'Keefe ◽  
T. H. Sanders ◽  
K. W. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Consumer Complaint ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
A Value ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Shelf Life Stability ◽  
High Oleic Peanuts ◽  
Life Evaluations

Abstract Major markets for the large-seeded virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) include roasted inshell and salted inshell products with short shelf life being a common consumer complaint. Unlike many other peanut products, it is not economically possible to package these inshell peanuts in nitrogen flushed, oxygen barrier bags. A number of studies have shown that roasted runner-type peanuts with high contents of oleic fatty acid have improved oxidative stability and longer shelf life. A large-seeded, virginia-type peanut cultivar (AgraTech VC-2) with the high oleic trait has been released but no information is available on its shelf life stability. Therefore, this high oleic cultivar and the normal oleic cultivar VA 98R from the 2000 and 2001 crop were used for shelf life evaluations. Peanuts were sized into the fancy inshell grade for roasted inshell and salted inshell products. Peroxide value (PV) results for the roasted inshell peanuts indicated that normal oleic fatty acid (50% range) peanuts reached a PV of 20 meq/kg by the end of 4 wk of storage. On the other hand, the high oleic fatty acid (80% range) peanuts did not reach a value of 20 meq/kg until approximately 32 wk. When salted inshell the normal oleic peanuts exceed a PV of 20 meq/kg before the 2nd wk, whereas the high oleic peanuts still had not reached a PV of 20 meq/kg after 40 wk of storage. These results show a significant advantage of high oleic peanuts for extending shelf life of large-seeded, virginia-type peanuts for either roasted or salted inshell processing.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Alterations in Cortical Glutamate Uptake without a Reduction in Glutamate Transporter-1 Protein Expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Dorsett ◽  
Jennifer L. McGuire ◽  
Tracy L. Niedzielko ◽  
Erica A.K. DePasquale ◽  
Jaroslaw Meller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Glutamate Transporter 1

scholarly journals Comparison of the retention rates of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin between normal and high-oleic peanuts after roasting

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Som Kim ◽  
Hoe Sung Kim ◽  
Seong Jun Hong ◽  
Jin-Ju Cho ◽  
Jookyeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rates ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
High Oleic Peanuts

scholarly journals Feeding high-oleic peanuts to meat-type broiler chickens enhances the fatty acid profile of the meat produced

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 2236-2245
Author(s):  
Ondulla T. Toomer ◽  
Matthew Livingston ◽  
Brittany Wall ◽  
Elliott Sanders ◽  
Thien Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
High Oleic Peanuts ◽  
Meat Type

scholarly journals Disruption of Hippocampal Neuregulin 1–ErbB4 Signaling Contributes to the Hippocampus-dependent Cognitive Impairment Induced by Isoflurane in Aged Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Min Li ◽  
Fan Su ◽  
Mu-Huo Ji ◽  
Guang-Fen Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Neuregulin 1 ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Vehicle Injection ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: A prolonged isoflurane exposure may lead to cognitive decline in rodents. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)–ErbB4 signaling plays a key role in the modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity through regulating the neurotransmission. The authors hypothesized that hippocampal NRG1–ErbB4 signaling is involved in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in aged mice. Methods: Fourteen-month-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive 100% O2 exposure, vehicle injection after 100% O2 exposure, vehicle injection after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2, NRG1-β1 injection after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2, and NRG1-β1 and an ErbB4 inhibitor AG1478 injection after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2. Fear conditioning test was used to assess the cognitive function of mice 48-h postexposure. The brain tissues were harvested 48-h postexposure to determine the levels of NRG1, ErbB4, p-ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in the hippocampus using Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence. Results: The percentage of freezing time to context was decreased from 50.28 ± 11.53% to 30.82 ± 10.00%, and the hippocampal levels of NRG1, p-ErbB4/ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 were decreased from 172.79 ± 20.85 ng/g, 69.15 ± 12.20%, 101.68 ± 11.21%, and 104.71 ± 6.85% to 112.92 ± 16.65 ng/g, 42.26 ± 9.71%, 75.89 ± 10.26%, and 73.87 ± 16.89%, respectively, after isoflurane exposure. NRG1-β1 attenuated the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment and the declines in the hippocampal NRG1, p-ErbB4/ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. AG1478 inhibited the rescuing effects of NRG1-β1. Conclusion: Disruption of NRG1–ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.

scholarly journals Storage Stability of Whole and Nibbed, Conventional and High Oleic Peanuts (Arachis hypogeae L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Wilkin ◽  
Ian P. Ashton ◽  
Louise M. Fielding ◽  
Arthur S. Tatham
Keyword(s):  
Storage Stability ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
High Oleic Peanuts
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