scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly Population Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3553
Author(s):  
Beata Dziedzic ◽  
Zofia Sienkiewicz ◽  
Anna Leńczuk-Gruba ◽  
Ewa Kobos ◽  
Wiesław Fidecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: A sharp rise in the population of elderly people, who are more prone to somatic and mental diseases, combined with the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated complications in this age group, have an impact on the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Aim of the work: The work of the study was the evaluation of the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the elderly population diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: The pilot study was conducted in 2019 among 200 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 65 years and above, receiving treatment in a specialist diabetes outpatient clinic. The study was based on a questionnaire aimed at collecting basic sociodemographic and clinical data and the complete geriatric depression scale (GDS, by Yesavage) consisting of 30 questions. Results: The study involved 200 patients receiving treatment in a diabetes outpatient clinic. The mean age of the study subjects was 71.4 ± 5.0 years. The vast majority of the subjects (122; 61%) were women, with men accounting for 39% of the study population (78 subjects). A statistically significant difference in the GDS (p < 0.01) was shown for marital status, body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, and the number of comorbidities. Patients with results indicative of symptoms of mild and severe depression were found to have higher BMI, longer disease duration, and a greater number of comorbidities. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of HbA1c. Conclusions: In order to verify the presence of depressive symptoms in the group of geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus, an appropriate screening programme must be introduced to identify those at risk and refer them to specialists, so that treatment can be promptly initiated. Screening tests conducted by nurses might help with patient identification.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Costs in the Elderly Population

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Erwin ◽  
Shrividya Iyer ◽  
Rukmini Rajagopalan ◽  
James Astuto ◽  
Patricia Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

“MEAN PLATELET VOLUME CORRELATED TO GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS”

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Rifat Qureishi ◽  
S. K Sutrakar ◽  
P C Kol ◽  
UR Singh ◽  
M H Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Platelet Volume

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a global pandemic. The number of people with diabetes in India increased from 26·0 million in 1990 to 65·0 million in 2016. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered as a 'prothrombotic state' with enhanced platelet reactivity. Diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing micro and macro vascular diseases, and platelets may be involved as putative agents owing to their altered morphology, function and activation. It is an established fact that the value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of long-term glucoregulation, should be kept below 7% in order to reduce the risk of micro and macrovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) patients. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been correlated with vascular complications of DMT2. MPV as a marker of platelet size, function & activation may serve as another potential marker of risk of micro-vascular and macrovascular complications in DMT2 patients. Aims-To study correlation between MPV, and HbA1c in DMT2 patients. Methods- Over a period of 24 months, patients aged between 30 to 60 years, diagnosed with DMT2 and subtyped based on American Diabetic Association Criteria (ADA) as having HbA1c either less than 7% - DMT2 (Controlled group) or with HbA1c more than 7% - DMT2 (Uncontrolled group) were included in the present study. Non-diabetic patients ('Non Diabetic Group) were included based on their fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels and served as controls. Venous blood samples were tested for fasting, postprandial and random blood sugar estimation by GOD-POD method, MPV by automated cell counter and HbA1c by HPLC, within one hour of sampling. Results were statistically tested using (R) unpaired t Test by SPSS Software (version 22). Results- Among 236 patients studied, 66 were 'Non-diabetic controls' & 170 were having diabetes (DMT2). Of those having DMT2, 94 patients belonged to DMT2 (Uncontrolled group) 76 patients belonged to DMT2 (Controlled group). MPV in Non-diabetic group, DMT2 (Controlled group) and DMT2 (Uncontrolled group) was 10.01 ± 1.12 , 10.76 ± 1.11  and 11.67 ± 1.83  respectively. MPVwas signicantly higher in DMT2 group compared to Non-diabetic group (10.82 ± 1.31  vs 10.01 ± 1.12 , p < 0.0001), MPV was also signicantly higher in DMT2 (Uncontrolled group) compared to DMT2 (Controlled group) (11.67 ± 1.83  vs. 10.76 ± 1.11 , p < 0.0001). Conclusion- In the present study Mean Platelet Volume was found to be signicantly higher in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patient compared to Nondiabetic patients. Higher MPV also correlated with higher HbA1c, being higher in those with higher HbA1c. It can be concluded that MPV may be useful as inexpensive surrogate marker of HbA1c in the diagnosis and prognosis of vascular complications of DMT2 patients.

Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margus Viigimaa ◽  
Alexandros Sachinidis ◽  
Maria Toumpourleka ◽  
Konstantinos Koutsampasopoulos ◽  
Signe Alliksoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a pandemic. It has different complications, both microvascular and macrovascular. Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize the different types of macrovascular complications associated with T2DM. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify clinical studies, which determine the macrovascular complications associated with T2DM. Results: Macrovascular complications of T2DM include coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and sudden death, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in diabetic patients. Many clinical studies have shown a connection between T2DM and vascular disease, but almost always other risk factors are present in diabetic patients, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Conclusion: T2DM causes a variety of macrovascular complications through different pathogenetic pathways that include hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. The association between T2DM and cardiovascular disease is clear, but we need more clinical studies in order to identify the pure effect of T2DM.

scholarly journals Study of fasting and post prandial lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison to controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ayyali Ambresh ◽  
Ram Chaitanya K
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Postprandial State

In the modern world, the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a critical problem. In type 2 DM, abnormal lipid profile in the postprandial state has more significance than abnormal lipid profile in fasting state in causing atherosclerotic complications. The high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type2 DM are due to prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia and triglyceridemia. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia results in a proatherogenic environment which leads to atherosclerosis and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is believed that atherosclerosis is a postprandial phenomenon with respect to lipids, as we are in the postprandial state for most of the day.It is not clearly known whether diabetic patients with macrovascular disease have greater abnormalities of postprandial TG metabolism than those without.Hence this study is being carried out to find out the characteristics of post prandial lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and itsimpact on macrovascular complications.: To study fasting & postprandial lipid abnormality in type 2 DM patients in comparison to controls.: This is a cross-sectional study, wherein written informed consent was taken after giving detailed information to the participants regarding the study. Patients who were in the age group of 35-65 years, admitted in the Department of Medicine, RRMCH from November 2017 for next 18 months with Diabetes Mellitus who met a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied. The study was initiated after obtaining clearance from the institution's ethical committee.: There was a significant elevation of mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases and controls in the postprandial state compared to their fasting state, statistical significance was found (P&#60;0.05). Peripheral vascular disease in our study was found in 25 patients i.e.25% of the study group. In cases, it was found in 20 patients and in controls, it was found in 5 patients i.e. 40% and 10% respectively. The occurrence of PVD was more in cases compared to controls with statistical significance(p&#60;0.05). Stroke in our study is found in 7 patients i.e. 7% of the study group. In cases, it was found in 6 patients and in controls, it was found in 1 patient i.e. 12% and 2% respectively. The occurrence of CVA was more in cases compared to controls with statistical significance(p&#60;0.05). Ischemic strokes were more common than haemorrhagic strokes.: Patients on irregular treatment (63%) were more in the study group(cases) compared to controls. So it could be said that patient not on regular treatment are more prone to have dyslipidemia. (fasting as well as postprandial). There was a significant increase in total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG in postprandial states of cases compared to that in controls, so it could be said that diabetic patients with fasting dyslipidemia are more prone to have dyslipidemia in the postprandial state. This study concluded that all macrovascular complications (IHD, CVA, PVD) were found more in the case compared to controls with statistical significance. So it could be said that there is an increase in the occurrence of macrovascular complications with an increase in postprandial dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Behavioral Sciences in the Optimization of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
António Lopes ◽  
Fátima Roque ◽  
Sandra Morgado ◽  
Cristina Dinis ◽  
Maria Teresa Herdeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the main chronic diseases worldwide, with a significant impact on public health. Behavioral changes are an important step in disease prevention and management, so the way in which individuals adapt their lifestyle to new circumstances will undoubtedly be a predictor of the success of the treatments instituted, contributing to a reduction in the morbidity and mortality that may be associated with them. It is essential to prepare and educate all diabetic patients on the importance of changing behavioral patterns in relation to the disease, with health professionals assuming an extremely important role in this area, both from a pharmacological and non-pharmacological point of view, and also ensuring the monitoring of the progress of these measures. Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires a high self-management capacity on the part of patients in order to achieve success in treating the disease, and non-adherence to therapy or non-compliance with the previously defined plan, together with an erratic lifestyle, will contribute to failure in controlling the disease. The lower adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in diabetes is mainly correlated to socio-economic aspects, lower health literacy, the side effects associated with the use of antidiabetic therapy or even the concomitant use of several drugs. This article consists of a narrative review that aims to synthesize the findings published in the literature, retrieved by searching databases, manuals, previously published scientific articles and official texts, following the methodology of the Scale for Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). We aim to address the importance of behavioral sciences in the treatment of diabetes, in order to assess behavior factors and barriers for behavior changes that have an impact on the therapeutic and non-therapeutic optimization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus control.

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

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