scholarly journals Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Polymorphism and Infant’s Anthropometry at Birth

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Sofía Aguilar-Lacasaña ◽  
Inmaculada López-Flores ◽  
Beatriz González-Alzaga ◽  
María José Giménez-Asensio ◽  
F. David Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mthfr Gene Polymorphism

Identification of causal factors that influence fetal growth and anthropometry at birth is of great importance as they provide information about increased risk of disease throughout life. The association between maternal genetic polymorphism MTHFR(677)C>T and anthropometry at birth has been widely studied because of its key role in the one-carbon cycle. MTHFR(677) CT and TT genotypes have been associated with a greater risk of low birth weight, especially in case of deficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the association between the maternal MTHFR(677)C>T genetic polymorphism and anthropometry at birth in a population with adequate folate consumption. We included 694 mother–newborn pairs from a prospective population-based birth cohort in Spain, in the Genetics, Early life enviroNmental Exposures and Infant Development in Andalusia (GENEIDA) project. Women were genotyped for MTHFR(677)C>T SNP by Q-PCR using TaqMan© probes. Relevant maternal and newborn information was obtained from structured questionnaires and medical records. Results showed that maternal MTHFR(677)C>T genotype was associated with newborn anthropometry. Genotypes CT or CT/TT showed statistically significant associations with increased or decreased risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) based on weight and height, depending on the newborn’s sex, as well as with SGA in premature neonates. The relationships between this maternal genotype and anthropometry at birth remained despite an adequate maternal folate intake.

scholarly journals Is maternal weight gain between pregnancies associated with risk of large-for-gestational age birth? Analysis of a UK population-based cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e026220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Ziauddeen ◽  
Sam Wilding ◽  
Paul J Roderick ◽  
Nicholas S Macklon ◽  
Nisreen A Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Overweight

ObjectiveMaternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy increases the risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) birth and childhood obesity. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal weight change between subsequent pregnancies and risk of having a LGA birth.DesignPopulation-based cohort.SettingRoutinely collected antenatal healthcare data between January 2003 and September 2017 at University Hospital Southampton, England.ParticipantsHealth records of women with their first two consecutive singleton live-birth pregnancies were analysed (n=15 940).Primary outcome measureRisk of LGA, recurrent LGA and new LGA births in the second pregnancy.ResultsOf the 15 940 women, 16.0% lost and 47.7% gained weight (≥1 kg/m2) between pregnancies. A lower proportion of babies born to women who lost ≥1 kg/m2(12.4%) and remained weight stable between −1 and 1 kg/m2(11.9%) between pregnancies were LGA compared with 13.5% and 15.9% in women who gained 1–3 and ≥3 kg/m2, respectively. The highest proportion was in obese women who gained ≥3 kg/m2(21.2%). Overweight women had a reduced risk of recurrent LGA in the second pregnancy if they lost ≥1 kg/m2(adjusted relative risk (aRR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.97) whereas overweight women who gained ≥3 kg/m2were at increased risk of new LGA after having a non-LGA birth in their first pregnancy (aRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.75). Normal-weight women who gained weight were also at increased risk of new LGA in the second pregnancy (aRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.50 with gain of 1–3 kg/m2and aRR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.65 with gain of ≥3 kg/m2).ConclusionsLosing weight after an LGA birth was associated with a reduced LGA risk in the next pregnancy in overweight women, while interpregnancy weight gain was associated with an increased new LGA risk. Preventing weight gain between pregnancies is an important measure to achieve better maternal and offspring outcomes.

scholarly journals Genetic Risk Score for Prediction of Newborn Adiposity and Large-for-Gestational-Age Birth

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. E2377-E2386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeti Chawla ◽  
Sylvia E. Badon ◽  
Janani Rangarajan ◽  
Anna C. Reisetter ◽  
Loren L. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Newborn Size

Context: Macrosomic infants are at increased risk for adverse metabolic outcomes. Improving prediction of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birth may help prevent these outcomes. Objective: This study sought to determine whether genes associated with obesity-related traits in adults are associated with newborn size, and whether a genetic risk score (GRS) predicts LGA birth. Setting and Design: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 40 regions associated with adult obesity-related traits were tested for association with newborn size. GRS's for birth weight and sum of skinfolds (SSF) specific to ancestry were calculated using the most highly associated SNP for each ancestry in genomic regions with one or more SNPs associated with birth weight and/or SSF in at least one ancestry group or meta-analyses. Participants: Newborns from the Hyperglycemia Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Study were studied (942 Afro-Caribbean, 1294 Northern European, 573 Mexican-American, and 1182 Thai). Outcome Measures: Birth weight >90th percentile (LGA) and newborn SSF >90th percentile were primary outcomes. Results: After adjustment for ancestry, sex, gestational age at delivery, parity, maternal genotype, maternal smoking/alcohol intake, age, body mass index, height, blood pressure and glucose, 25 and 23 SNPs were associated (P < .001) with birth weight and newborn SSF, respectively. The GRS was highly associated with both phenotypes as continuous variables across all ancestries (P ≤ 1.6 × 10−19) and improved prediction of birth weight and SSF >90th percentile when added to a baseline model incorporating the covariates listed above. Conclusions: A GRS comprised of SNPs associated with adult obesity-related traits may provide an approach for predicting LGA birth and newborn adiposity beyond established risk factors.

scholarly journals Maternal lithium use and the risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a Swedish population-based cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Hastie ◽  
Stephen Tong ◽  
Richard Hiscock ◽  
Anthea Lindquist ◽  
Linda Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background Lithium is prescribed during pregnancy, but there is limited information about pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following in utero exposure. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between lithium use and adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Methods This population-based cohort study examined associations between maternal lithium use and major adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes via inverse probability weighted propensity score regression models. Results Of 854,017 women included in this study, 434 (0.05%) used lithium during pregnancy. Among pre-specified primary outcomes, lithium use during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (8.7% vs 3.0%; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.64 95% CI 1.82, 3.82) and birth of a large for gestational age infant (9.0% vs 3.5%; aRR 2.64 95% CI 1.91, 3.66), but not preeclampsia nor birth of a small for gestational age infant. Among secondary outcomes, lithium use was associated with an increased risk of cardiac malformations (2.1% vs 0.8%; aRR 3.17 95% CI 1.64, 6.13). In an analysis restricted to pregnant women with a diagnosed psychiatric illness (n=9552), associations remained between lithium and spontaneous preterm birth, birth of a large for gestational age infant, and cardiovascular malformations; and a positive association with neonatal hypoglycaemia was also found. These associations were also apparent in a further analysis comparing women who continued lithium treatment during pregnancy to those who discontinued prior to pregnancy. Conclusions Lithium use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth and other adverse neonatal outcomes. These potential risks must be balanced against the important benefit of treatment and should be used to guide shared decision-making.

scholarly journals History of Cesarean Section Associated with Childhood Onset of T1DM in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Phillips ◽  
N. Gill ◽  
K. Sikdar ◽  
S. Penney ◽  
L. A. Newhook
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Care Planning ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objectives. Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has one of the highest incidences of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) worldwide. Rates of T1DM are increasing and the search for environmental factors that may be contributing to this increase is continuing.Methods. This was a population-based case control design involving the linkage of data from a diabetes database with live birth registration data. 266 children aged 0–15 years with T1DM were compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Chi-square analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression were carried out to assess maternal and infant factors (including maternal age, marital status, education, T1DM, hypertension, birth order, delivery method, gestational age, size-for-gestational-age, and birth weight).Results. Cases of T1DM were more likely to be large-for-gestational-age (P=0.024) and delivered by C-section (P=0.009) as compared to controls. C-section delivery was associated with increased risk of T1DM (HR 1.41,P=0.015) when birth weight and gestational age were included in the model, but not when size-for-gestational-age was included (HR 1.3,P=0.076).Conclusions. Birth by C-section was found to be a risk factor for the development of T1DM in a region with high rates of T1DM and birth by C-section. These findings may have an impact on health practice, health care planning, and future research.

scholarly journals A History of Large for Gestational Age at Birth and Future Risk for Pediatric Neoplasms: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Roy Kessous ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Daniella Landau ◽  
Tamar Wainstock
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Kidney Tumors ◽  
Childhood Malignancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Childhood Neoplasms ◽  
Future Risk

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between large for gestational age (LGA) at birth and future risk of childhood neoplasm. Study design: a population-based cohort to compare the long-term risk (up to the age of 18 years) of childhood neoplasms (benign and malignant) in children that were born LGA vs. those that were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), between the years 1991–2014. Childhood neoplasms diagnosis were defined according to international classification of disease 9 (ICD-9) codes recorded medical files. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used in order to compare cumulative incidence of oncological morbidity over the study period. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounders. Results: 231,344 infants met the inclusion criteria; out of those 10,369 were diagnosed LGA at birth. Children that were LGA at birth had a higher incidence of leukemia (OR 2.25, 95%CI 1.08–4.65, p = 0.025) as well as kidney tumors (OR = 4.7, 95%CI = 1.02–21.9, p = 0.028). In addition, cumulative incidence over time of childhood malignancies, leukemia, and kidney tumors were significantly higher in LGA children (Log Rank = 0.010, 0.021, and 0.028, respectively). In a Cox regression model controlling for other perinatal confounders, LGA at birth remained independently associated with an increased risk for childhood malignancy (adjusted HR 1.51, 95%CI 1.02–2.23, p = 0.039). Conclusion: LGA at birth is associated with increased long-term risk for childhood malignancy and specifically leukemia and kidney tumors. This possible link may help to improve current knowledge regarding potential exposures that are associated with childhood cancer development.

scholarly journals Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Preterm and Early Term Births: A Population-Based Register Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5865
Author(s):  
Salma Younes ◽  
Muthanna Samara ◽  
Rana Al-Jurf ◽  
Gheyath Nasrallah ◽  
Sawsan Al-Obaidly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Incidence Risk

Preterm birth (PTB) and early term birth (ETB) are associated with high risks of perinatal mortality and morbidity. While extreme to very PTBs have been extensively studied, studies on infants born at later stages of pregnancy, particularly late PTBs and ETBs, are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes of PTB and ETB births in Qatar. We examined 15,865 singleton live births using 12-month retrospective registry data from the PEARL-Peristat Study. PTB and ETB incidence rates were 8.8% and 33.7%, respectively. PTB and ETB in-hospital mortality rates were 16.9% and 0.2%, respectively. Advanced maternal age, pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), assisted pregnancies, and preterm history independently predicted both PTB and ETB, whereas chromosomal and congenital abnormalities were found to be independent predictors of PTB but not ETB. All groups of PTB and ETB were significantly associated with low birth weight (LBW), large for gestational age (LGA) births, caesarean delivery, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)/or death of neonate in labor room (LR)/operation theatre (OT). On the other hand, all or some groups of PTB were significantly associated with small for gestational age (SGA) births, Apgar <7 at 1 and 5 minutes and in-hospital mortality. The findings of this study may serve as a basis for taking better clinical decisions with accurate assessment of risk factors, complications, and predictions of PTB and ETB.

scholarly journals Haplotype analysis of the folate-related genes MTHFR, MTRR, and MTR and migraine with aura

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 469-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Roecklein ◽  
Ann I Scher ◽  
Albert Smith ◽  
Tamara Harris ◽  
Gudny Eiriksdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Association Testing ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genes Encoding

Aims The C677T variant in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR; EC 1.5.1.20) enzyme, a key player in the folate metabolic pathway, has been associated with increased risk of migraine with aura. Other genes encoding molecular components of this pathway include methionine synthase ( MTR; EC 2.1.1.13) and methionine synthase reductase ( MTRR; EC 2.1.1.135) among others. We performed a haplotype analysis of migraine risk and MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR. Methods Study participants are from a random sub-sample participating in the population-based AGES-Reykjavik Study, including subjects with non-migraine headache ( n = 367), migraine without aura ( n = 85), migraine with aura ( n = 167), and no headache ( n = 1347). Haplotypes spanning each gene were constructed using Haploview. Association testing was performed on single SNP and haplotypes using logistic regression, controlling for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors and correcting for multiple testing. Results Haplotype analysis suggested an association between MTRR haplotypes and reduced risk of migraine with aura. All other associations were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions These results suggest that MTRR variants may protect against migraine with aura in an older population.

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