scholarly journals Effects of Three-Month Administration of High-Saturated Fat Diet and High-Polyunsaturated Fat Diets with Different Linoleic Acid (LA, C18:2n–6) to α-Linolenic Acid (ALA, C18:3n–3) Ratio on the Mouse Liver Proteome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Kamila P. Liput ◽  
Adam Lepczyński ◽  
Agata Nawrocka ◽  
Ewa Poławska ◽  
Magdalena Ogłuszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different types of high-fat diets (HFDs) on the proteomic profile of mouse liver. The analysis included four dietary groups of mice fed a standard diet (STD group), a high-fat diet rich in SFAs (SFA group), and high-fat diets dominated by PUFAs with linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n–6) to α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n–3) ratios of 14:1 (14:1 group) and 5:1 (5:1 group). After three months of diets, liver proteins were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) using 17 cm non-linear 3–10 pH gradient strips. Protein spots with different expression were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF. The expression of 13 liver proteins was changed in the SFA group compared to the STD group (↓: ALB, APOA1, IVD, MAT1A, OAT and PHB; ↑: ALDH1L1, UniProtKB—Q91V76, GALK1, GPD1, HMGCS2, KHK and TKFC). Eleven proteins with altered expression were recorded in the 14:1 group compared to the SFA group (↓: ARG1, FTL1, GPD1, HGD, HMGCS2 and MAT1A; ↑: APOA1, CA3, GLO1, HDHD3 and IVD). The expression of 11 proteins was altered in the 5:1 group compared to the SFA group (↓: ATP5F1B, FTL1, GALK1, HGD, HSPA9, HSPD1, PC and TKFC; ↑: ACAT2, CA3 and GSTP1). High-PUFA diets significantly affected the expression of proteins involved in, e.g., carbohydrate metabolism, and had varying effects on plasma total cholesterol and glucose levels. The outcomes of this study revealed crucial liver proteins affected by different high-fat diets.

scholarly journals Metabolic Flexibility: Interplay of Diet Composition and Intermittent Fasting on Healthspan (P08-053-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wong ◽  
Rafael de Cabo ◽  
Michel Bernier ◽  
Alberto Diaz-Ruiz ◽  
Tyler Rhinesmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Objectives 4:10 periodic fasting schedule is proposed to improve biomarkers of healthspan through metabolic flexibility in mice on both standard and high fat diets. Methods Our study adopted the 4:10 fasting schedule using the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) as our model. FMD is a plant-based, low-protein, and low-sugar diet regime implemented for four days every two-week cycle. Its regenerative effect is observed in the refeeding phase following starvation, allowing for the breakdown of cells via increased autophagy. In comparison to stricter fasting regimes such as intermittent fasting, chronic caloric restriction, and periodic fasting, FMD is well-tolerated in the clinical setting. 74 12-month old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two diet groups: standard diet or high-fat diet. For 4 days out of every fourteen days, the mice were severely caloric restricted and refed with ad-libitum of either standard or high fat diets for the remaining 10 days, matching the controls who were fixed on the ad-libitum diet. The 4:10 fasting schedule was repeated 11 times before the mice were sacrificed. To measure metabolic flexibility, metabolic cages, ELISA, and glucose meters were used. Results Body weight and composition, metabolic flexibility, and insulin sensitivity indicate differences between fasting on diet composition. Not only did those on the fasting high-fat diet (FHFD) remain overweight, identical to their HFD controls, insulin sensitivity was also attenuated in FHFD groups. Fasting standard diet (FSD) had a reduction of 5% in body weight and 15% in body fat. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism differences indicated by the respiratory exchange ratio as well as motor function performance differences further support the positive impact of fasting on SD groups, not HFD groups. Characteristic of positive healthspan biomarkers, reduced leptin and improved insulin sensitivity was observed with FSD, not FHFD. Conclusions We found that while the FMD schedule improved healthspan as indicated by biomarkers of healthy aging for mice on the standard diet, it could not counteract the negative health effects of the obesogenic diet. These results demonstrate the importance of not only time of feeding but also diet composition in respect to healthspan. Funding Sources National Institute on Aging (NIA) – National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Inflammatory stress and altered angiogenesis evoked by very high-fat diets in mouse liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 434-442
Author(s):  
Adrián Plaza ◽  
Víctor Naranjo ◽  
Alessandra M. Blonda ◽  
Victoria Cano ◽  
Carmen González-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed high fat diets enriched in regular or low α-linolenic acid soy oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh B Potu ◽  
Hang Lu ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola ◽  
Kolapo M Ajuwon
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diets

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Yu Du ◽  
Pierre Clouet ◽  
Wen-Hui Zheng ◽  
Pascal Degrace ◽  
Li-Xia Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets may have favourable effects on growth of some carnivorous fish because of the protein-sparing effect of lipids, but high-fat diets also exert some negative impacts on flesh quality. The goal of the study was therefore to determine the effects of fat-enriched diets in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a typical herbivorous fish on growth and possible lipid metabolism alterations. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 2, 6 or 10% of a mixture of lard, maize oil and fish oil (1:1:1, by weight) were applied to fish for 8 weeks in a recirculation system. Data show that feeding diets with increasing lipid levels resulted in lowered feed intake, decreased growth and feed efficiency, and increased mesenteric fat tissue weight. Concomitantly, alteration of lipoprotein synthesis and greater level of lipid peroxidation were apparent in blood. In liver, muscle and mesenteric fat tissue, the percentages of α-linolenic acid and DHA were significantly increased or tended to increase with higher dietary lipid levels. Biochemical activity measurements performed on liver showed that, with the increase in dietary lipid level, there was a decrease in both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation capacities, which might contribute, at least in part, to the specific accumulation of α-linolenic acid and DHA into cells more active in membrane building. On the whole, grass carp have difficulty in energetically utilising excess dietary fat, especially when enriched in n−3 PUFA that are susceptible to peroxidation.

Maternal and postweaning high-fat diets disturb hippocampal gene expression, learning, and memory function

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (8) ◽  
pp. R527-R537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen C. Page ◽  
Elizabeth K. Jones ◽  
Endla K. Anday
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

We tested the hypothesis that excess saturated fat consumption during pregnancy, lactation, and/or postweaning alters the expression of genes mediating hippocampal synaptic efficacy and impairs spatial learning and memory in adulthood. Dams were fed control chow or a diet high in saturated fat before mating, during pregnancy, and into lactation. Offspring were weaned to either standard chow or a diet high in saturated fat. The Morris Water Maze was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Open field testing was used to evaluate motor activity. Hippocampal gene expression in adult males was measured using RT-PCR and ELISA. Offspring from high fat-fed dams took longer, swam farther, and faster to try and find the hidden platform during the 5-day learning period. Control offspring consuming standard chow spent the most time in memory quadrant during the probe test. Offspring from high fat-fed dams consuming excess saturated fat spent the least. The levels of mRNA and protein for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein were significantly decreased by maternal diet effects. Nerve growth factor mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in response to both maternal and postweaning high-fat diets. Expression levels for the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor subunit NR2B as well as synaptophysin were significantly decreased in response to both maternal and postweaning diets. Synaptotagmin was significantly increased in offspring from high fat-fed dams. These data support the hypothesis that exposure to excess saturated fat during hippocampal development is associated with complex patterns of gene expression and deficits in learning and memory.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat and conjugated linoleic acid on plasma metabolite concentrations and metabolic responses to homeostatic signals in pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ostrowska ◽  
R. F. Cross ◽  
M. Muralitharan ◽  
D. E. Bauman ◽  
F. R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Sixteen female cross-bred (Large White × Landrace) pigs (initial weight 65 kg) with venous catheters were randomly allocated to four treatment groups in a 2×2 factorial design. The respective factors were dietary fat (25 or 100 g/kg) and dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 0 or 10 g CLA-55/kg). Pigs were fed every 3 h (close to ad libitum digestible energy intake) for 8 d and were bled frequently. Plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) responses to insulin and adrenaline challenges were determined on day 8. Plasma concentrations of NEFA were significantly increased (10·5 and 5·4 % for low- and high-fat diets respectively, P=0·015) throughout the experiment, suggesting that there was a possible increase in fat mobilisation. The increase in lipolysis, an indicator of ß-adrenergic stimulated lipolysis, was also evident in the NEFA response to adrenaline. However, the increase in plasma triacylglycerol (11·0 and 7·1 % for low- and high-fat diets respectively, P=0·008) indicated that CLA could have reduced fat accretion via decreased adipose tissue triacylglycerol synthesis from preformed fatty acids, possibly through reduced lipoprotein lipase activity. Plasma glucose, the primary substrate for de novo lipid synthesis, and plasma insulin levels were unaffected by dietary CLA suggesting that de novo lipid synthesis was largely unaffected (P=0·24 and P=0·30 respectively). In addition, the dietary CLA had no effect upon the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose removal.

Separation and quantitation of linoleic acid oxidation products in mammary gland tissue from mice fed low- and high-fat diets

Lipids ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Johnson ◽  
Mary L. Blackburn ◽  
Arthur W. Bull ◽  
Clifford W. Welsch ◽  
J. Throck Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Linoleic Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Fat Diets

Effect of high-fat diets rich in stearate or oleate-containing triglycerides on backfat consistency and fatty acid composition in bacon pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
J L Roberts ◽  
M Enser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Linoleic Acid Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Probe

It is well known that feeding excess linoleic acid, which is preferentially deposited, has the effect of producing soft backfat in pigs. However, the firmness of this adipose tissue, as measured by mechanical probe, can often be better related to the proportion of stearate in the lipid than to linoleate. This study attempted to harden the backfat of bacon pigs by feeding a high-fat diet containing a high concentration of stearate. For comparison, pigs were fed a diet similar in all respects including linoleic acid concentration, except that the proportion of stearate was low, while that of oleate - the most abundant fatty acid in backfat, but previously found to be of low importance for its mechanical consistency - was high.

scholarly journals Alpha-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Butter Promotes Fatty Acid Remodeling and Thermogenic Activation in the Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyoung You ◽  
Rong Fan ◽  
Judy Kim ◽  
Seung-Ho Shin ◽  
Soonkyu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Supplementation with n-3 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is known to promote thermogenesis via the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Agricultural products that are biofortified with α-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of n-3 LC PUFA, have been launched to the market, but their impact on BAT function is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ALA-biofortified butter on lipid metabolism and thermogenic functions in the BAT. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet containing ALA-biofortified butter (n3Bu, 45% calorie from fat) for ten weeks in comparison with the isocaloric high-fat diets prepared from conventional butter or margarine. The intake of n3Bu significantly reduced the whitening of BAT and increased the thermogenesis in response to acute-cold treatment. Also, n3Bu supplementation is linked with the remodeling of BAT by promoting bioconversion into n-3 LC PUFA, FA elongation and desaturation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our results support that ALA-biofortified butter is a novel source of n-3 PUFA, which potentiates the BAT thermogenic function.

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