scholarly journals Diet Composition, Glucose Homeostasis, and Weight Regain in the YoYo Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Marleen A. van Baak ◽  
Nadia J. T. Roumans ◽  
Edwin C. M. Mariman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Fibre Intake

Based on several randomized clinical trials, it has been suggested that baseline glucose homeostasis interacts with the influence of diet composition on weight loss and weight loss maintenance. In this secondary analysis of the YoYo study, a study investigating predictors of weight loss maintenance, we tested the hypothesis that (self-selected) dietary carbohydrate and/or fibre intake interact with the glucose homeostasis parameters for weight loss maintenance. Sixty-one overweight or obese individuals lost around 10 kg of body weight on an energy-restricted diet and were then followed for 9 months. During this period, participants were advised to maintain their body weight and eat a healthy diet without further recommendations on calorie intake or diet composition. Contrary to our hypothesis, carbohydrate intake showed no positive association with weight regain after weight loss, and no interaction with baseline fasting glucose concentration was found. There was a non-significant negative association between fibre intake and weight regain (B = −0.274, standard error (SE) 0.158, p = 0.090), but again, no interaction with fasting plasma glucose was found. In conclusion, the data from the YoYo study do not support a role for baseline glucose homeostasis in determining the association between self-reported carbohydrate and/or fibre intake and weight regain after weight loss.

scholarly journals Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Shana O. Warner ◽  
Kevin C. Dellsperger ◽  
Pamela S. Hinton ◽  
Adam T. Whaley-Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Partial Weight

Weight loss improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, but risk may return with weight regain. This study was designed to determine if exercise training can maintain improvements in MetS risk factors during weight regain. In a randomized control trial,102 overweight or obese (body mass index 25.0–39.9 kg/m2) men and women (age 21–52 yr), with characteristics of the MetS, lost 10% of body weight with supervised walking/jogging at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) (−400 kcal/session), 5 days/wk, and caloric restriction (−600 kcal/day) over a 4- to 6-mo period. After weight loss, 77 remaining subjects underwent programmed weight regain (+50% of lost weight) for 4–6 mo with random assignment to two groups: no exercise (NoEX) or continued supervised exercise (EX). Blood pressure, regional fat, glucose homeostasis, lipids, and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline, post-weight loss, and post-weight regain. Groups were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the 67 subjects. After weight loss (9.7 ± 0.2% of body weight), significant ( P < 0.05) improvements were observed in almost all parameters assessed. Following weight regain (54.4 ± 1.6% of lost weight), the NoEX group exhibited deterioration in most metabolic markers, while the EX group maintained improvements in V̇o2max, blood pressures, glucose homeostasis, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), oxidized LDL, and other markers of inflammation, but did not maintain improvements in triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations or abdominal fat. Results of this design of controlled human weight regain suggest that aerobic exercise can counter the detrimental effects of partial weight regain on many markers of disease risk.

scholarly journals Dietary Strategies for Weight Loss Maintenance

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene A. van Baak ◽  
Edwin C. M. Mariman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Weight regain after a successful weight loss intervention is very common. Most studies show that, on average, the weight loss attained during a weight loss intervention period is not or is not fully maintained during follow-up. We review what is currently known about dietary strategies for weight loss maintenance, focusing on nutrient composition by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies and discuss other potential strategies that have not been studied so far. Twenty-one studies with 2875 participants who were overweight or obese are included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies investigate increased protein intake (12 studies), lower dietary glycemic index (four studies), green tea (three studies), conjugated linoleic acid (three studies), higher fibre intake (three studies), and other miscellaneous interventions (six studies). The meta-analysis shows a significant beneficial effect of higher protein intake on the prevention of weight regain (SMD (standardized mean difference) −0.17 (95% CI −0.29, −0.05), z = 2.80, p = 0.005), without evidence for heterogeneity among the included studies. No significant effect of the other strategies is detected. Diets that combine higher protein intake with different other potentially beneficial strategies, such as anti-inflammatory or anti-insulinemic diets, may have more robust effects, but these have not been tested in randomized clinical trials yet.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet Composition on Postprandial Energy Availability during Weight Loss Maintenance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e58172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn O. Walsh ◽  
Cara B. Ebbeling ◽  
Janis F. Swain ◽  
Robert L. Markowitz ◽  
Henry A. Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Energy Availability

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption and weight-loss maintenance: results from the MedWeight study

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2246-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Brikou ◽  
Dimitra Zannidi ◽  
Eleni Karfopoulou ◽  
Costas A. Anastasiou ◽  
Mary Yannakoulia
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
At Home

AbstractDaily breakfast consumption is a common eating behaviour among people who have maintained their weight loss after weight-loss management. However, there is not a precise definition for breakfast in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential associations between breakfast consumption (based on several definitions) and weight-loss maintenance, as well as to explore differences in breakfast quality between individuals who managed to maintain part of the weight loss and in those who regained weight loss. The study sample consisted of 354 participants of the MedWeight study (age: 32 (sd 10) years, 61 % women) who had lost ≥10 % of their initial body weight and either maintained the loss for ≥1 year (maintainers, n 257) or regained weight loss (regainers, n 97). Participants completed online questionnaires and reported their dietary intake through two telephone 24-h recalls. Breakfast consumption was evaluated using twelve different definitions. The analysis indicated that breakfast consumption was associated with weight-loss maintenance only in men, when using self-reported breakfast consumption or the following breakfast definitions: (1) the first eating episode consumed at home and (2) the first eating episode consumed at home excluding caffeinated drinks. This association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Thus, breakfast, the first eating episode of the day, when consumed at home, may be protective against weight regaining.

scholarly journals Long-Lasting Improvements in Liver Fat and Metabolism Despite Body Weight Regain After Dietary Weight Loss

Diabetes Care ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3786-3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haufe ◽  
V. Haas ◽  
W. Utz ◽  
A. L. Birkenfeld ◽  
S. Jeran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Dietary Weight Loss

Characterization of one anastomosis gastric bypass and impact of biliary and common limbs on bile acid and postprandial glucose metabolism in a minipig model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Marciniak ◽  
Oscar Chávez-Talavera ◽  
Robert Caiazzo ◽  
Thomas Hubert ◽  
Lorea Zubiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass ◽  
Alimentary Limb ◽  
The Common

Background/Objectives: The alimentary limb has been proposed to be a key driver of the weight-loss-independent metabolic improvements that occur upon bariatric surgery. However, the One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) procedure, consisting of one long biliary limb and a short common limb, induces stronger beneficial metabolic effects compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in humans, despite the lack of an alimentary limb. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the biliary and common limbs in the weight-loss and metabolic effects that occur upon OAGB. Subjects/Methods: OAGB and sham surgery, with or without modifications of the length of either the biliary limb or the common limb, were performed in Gottingen-like minipigs. Weight loss, metabolic changes, and the effects on plasma and intestinal bile acids (BAs) were assessed 15 days after surgery. Results: OAGB significantly decreased body weight, improved glucose homeostasis, increased postprandial GLP-1 and fasting plasma BAs, and qualitatively changed the intestinal BA species composition. Resection of the biliary limb prevented the body weight loss effects of OAGB and attenuated the postprandial GLP-1 increase. Improvements in glucose homeostasis along with changes in plasma and intestinal BAs occurred after OAGB regardless of the biliary limb length. Resection of only the common limb reproduced the glucose homeostasis effects and the changes in intestinal BAs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the changes in glucose metabolism and BAs after OAGB are mainly mediated by the length of the common limb, whereas the length of the biliary limb contributes to body weight loss.

Abstract 17023: Adipose Tissue Specific Temporal Deletion of Ager Induces Weight Loss in Diet Induced Obese Mice and Improves Glucose Homeostasis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wilson ◽  
Lakshmi Arivazhagan ◽  
Henry Ruiz ◽  
Jay Pendse ◽  
Laura Frye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Specific Deletion

Introduction: The incidence of obesity and its comorbidities is increasing at an alarming rate in US and around the globe. Our previous studies showed that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance (IR), as global Ager (gene encoding RAGE) and adipocyte-specific Ager- deleted mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) showed protection from weight gain and IR. However, the role of Ager deletion in mice with established obesity, switched to low fat diet has not been tested. We hypothesize that temporal adipocyte-specific deletion of Ager in obese mice could enhance weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis. Methods: Mice with conditional adipocyte-specific Ager deletion were generated by breeding Ager flox/flox mice with AdipoQ ERT2 Cre recombinase mice resulting in Ager flox/flox / AdipoQ ERT2 Cre (+) and Cre (-) animals. Mice were fed HFD (60% kcal/fat) for 20 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age to establish obesity and were then treated with tamoxifen (TAM) (75 mg/kg per day x 3 alternative days) to induce deletion of Ager . After 4 weeks of TAM treatment, mice were switched to standard chow for 7 weeks and body weight was monitored regularly. Fasting glucose, insulin and glucose tolerance was measured. Results: After 7 weeks of switching to standard chow following TAM, Cre (+) lost significantly more body weight whereas Cre (-) mice showed no significant weight loss over 7 weeks. Furthermore, Cre (+) mice exhibited significantly higher food intake, lower fasting glucose, lower epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue weights, and improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared to Cre (-) mice. Conclusions: Temporal adipocyte-specific deletion of Ager in mice with established obesity promotes weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis. RAGE may act as a novel therapeutic target in obesity.

scholarly journals MON-LB101 5-Year Data of an Aggressive Pharmacological Approach to Moderate and Morbid Obesity: Is Prevention of Bariatric Surgery Feasible in the Long Run?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Cadegiani
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Initial Weight Loss

Abstract Background: Maintenance of weight loss in patients that undergo weight loss interventions is highly challenging, irrespective of the type of approach to obesity (whether surgical, pharmacological, or non-pharmacological). We proposed a protocol of an aggressive clinical treatment for obesity aiming to prevent the need of bariatric surgery, in patients unwilling to undergo this procedure, by proposing a protocol that included the combination of different anti-obesity medications and non-pharmacological modalities, for longer duration, and with an active approach to prevent weight regain. Our initial 2-year data showed that 93% (40 of 43 patients) with moderate and morbid obesity were able to avoid the need of bariatric surgery, with concomitant improvements of the biochemical profile. However, whether these patients would maintain their successful rates after five years was uncertain. Our objective is to describe the efficacy and safety of a long term (5-year data) pharmacological and multi-modal treatment for moderate and severe obesity. Methods: The 40 patients that were successful in the two-year approach in our obesity center (Corpometria Institute, Brasilia, DF, Brazil) were enrolled. A long-term anti-obesity protocol was employed, with continuous or intermittent use of anti-obesity drugs, trimestral body composition analysis, psychotherapy, visit to a nutritionist every four months, and both resistance and endurance exercises at least four times a week. Body weight (BW), total weight excess (TWE), body fat, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism, liver function, and inflammation were analyzed. Subjects that dropped out were considered as weight regain. Therapeutic success for the 5-year follow-up included as the maintenance of &gt;20% loss of the initial BW loss, and no weight regain (or &lt; 20% of the initial weight loss). Results: A total of 27 patients (67.5%) were able to maintain the body weight, seven dropped out, and six regained more than 20% of the initial weight loss. Of these, 21 (77.8%) had significant further increase of muscle mass and decrease of fat loss, while 17 (63.0%) had further weight loss (p &lt; 0.05), compared to the 2-year data. Improvements on the biochemical profile persisted in all 27 patients, and had significant further improvements in 24 (88.9%) of these patients. Conclusion: The risk of weight regain five years after a weight loss treatment for obesity was significantly lower compared to previous literature, and comparable to the long-term outcomes of bariatric procedures. An aggressive, structured, and long-term clinical weight loss approach has been shown to be feasible, even for morbidly obese patients.

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