The Effects of Football Practice on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dietary patterns, exercise, sport, and physical activity have been shown to improve body composition in children. This systematic review with meta-analysis analyzed the effects of practicing football on body composition (fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral content) in children. An initial search in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus was carried out in April 2021 to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria required children up to 12 years of age with a minimum football intervention duration of 10 weeks. Methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Between the 1803 articles originally founded, only 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1643 subjects between the 14 studies were identified. The review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used Review Manager and Full Meta-Analysis software. The results between the control and experimental groups showed significantly better lean body mass and fat mass values in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Football practice was positively associated with increases in lean body mass (mean difference of 1.55; 95% CI, 0.96, 2.15), decreases in fat mass (mean difference of −0.81; 95% CI, −1.49, −0.13), and increases in whole body bone mineral content (mean difference of 117.68; 95% CI, 83.69, 151.67). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that football positively affects body composition in children. However, further research is needed to confirm the results for bone mineral content.

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Body Composition, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 Concentrations as Outcome Measures in Severely GH-Deficient (GHD) Patients after Childhood GH Treatment: A Comparison with Adult Onset GHD Patients

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.87.7.8593 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (7) ◽

pp. 3368-3372 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Andrea F. Attanasio ◽

Simon Howell ◽

Peter C. Bates ◽

Paul Frewer ◽

John Chipman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Final Height ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Igf I ◽

Igfbp 3

If GH therapy of children with GH deficiency (GHD) has been adequate, body composition should be comparable to that of patients who have undergone normal childhood development and become hypopituitary thereafter. To assess this, body composition was determined in 92 patients with childhood onset (CO) GHD, aged 18–30 yr, who had been treated to final height with GH for 8.98 ± 4.30 yr and had stopped treatment 1.57 ± 1.20 yr previously, but who remained GHD (assessed by a GH stimulation test and IGF-I values). These were compared with 35 age-matched GH-naïve hypopituitary patients with adult onset (AO) GHD. Lean body mass, fat mass, and total bone mineral content were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and corrected for actual height. CO patients were shorter (CO height, −1.18 ± 1.16 sd score; AO height, −0.38 ± 1.12 sd score; P < 0.001) and had lower body mass index (CO, 23.19 ± 5.76 kg/m2; AO, 28.9 ± 6.27 kg/m2; P < 0.001) than the AO group. Although there were gender differences, within genders CO patients had lower lean body mass, fat mass, and bone mineral content (P < 0.001 in all cases) compared with AO patients. Standard deviation scores for IGF-I (CO female, −9.2 ± 3.1; AO female, −5.2 ± 2.6; CO male, −6.4 ± 2.7; AO male, −3.5 ± 2.3; P < 0.001 within each gender) and IGFBP-3 (CO female, −3.5 ± 2.5; AO female, −1.7 ± 1.5; CO male, −2.8 ± 2.0; AO male, −1.1 ± 1.6; P < 0.001 within each gender) were significantly lower in the CO group. These results suggest that patients with CO GHD who were treated to final height suffer a significant maturational deficit despite GH replacement during childhood.

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The Multicomponent Anthropometric Model for Assessing Body Composition in a Male Pediatric Population: A Simultaneous Prediction of Fat Mass, Bone Mineral Content, and Lean Soft Tissue

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/428135 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dalmo Machado ◽

Sérgio Oikawa ◽

Valdir Barbanti

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Simultaneous Estimation ◽

Validation Parameters

The aim of this study was to propose and cross-validate an anthropometric model for the simultaneous estimation of fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean soft tissue (LST) using DXA as the reference method. A total of 408 boys (8–18 years) were included in this sample. Whole-body FM, BMC, and LST were measured by DXA and considered as dependent variables. Independent variables included thirty-two anthropometrics measurements and maturity offset determined by the Mirwald equation. From a multivariate regression model , a matrix analysis was performed resulting in a multicomponent anthropometric model. The cross-validation was executed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method. Five anthropometric variables predicted simultaneously FM, BMC, and LST. Cross-validation parameters indicated that the new model is accurate with high values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 and standard error of estimate ranging from 0.01 to 0.09. The newly proposed model represents an alternative to accurately assess the body composition in male pediatric ages.

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Effects of breast-feeding compared with formula-feeding on preterm infant body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516001720 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 132-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Pan Huang ◽

Jianghua Zhou ◽

Yanan Yin ◽

Wenjuan Jing ◽

Biru Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Formula Feeding ◽

Mean Difference

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effect of breast-feeding and formula-feeding on body composition of preterm infants. We searched the literature using PubMed, Cochrane Central Library Issue, Ovid (Medline), Embase and other resources such as Google Scholar, electronic databases and bibliographies of relevant articles; two reviewers collected and extracted data independently. All the authors assessed risk of bias independently using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A fixed-effects meta-analysis was undertaken with RevMan 5 software (The Cochrane Collaboration) using the inverse variance method (P≥0·05;χ2test). In contrast, a random-effects meta-analysis was carried out. Altogether, 630 articles were identified using search strategy, and the references within retrieved articles were also assessed. A total of six studies were included in this systematic review. In formula-fed infants, fat mass was higher at term (mean difference 0·24 (95 % CI 0·17, 0·31) kg), fat-free mass was higher at 36 weeks of gestational (mean difference 0·12 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·21) kg) and the percentage of fat mass was higher at 36 weeks of gestation (mean difference 3·70 (95 % CI 1·81, 5·59) kg) compared with breast-fed infants. Compared with breast-feeding, formula-feeding is associated with altered body composition from birth to term in preterm infants. The effects of formula-feeding on preterm infant body composition from term to 12-month corrected age are inconclusive in our study. Well-designed studies are required in the future to explore the effects of formula-feeding compared with breast-feeding.

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Changes in regional body composition during diet-induced body mass reduction in obese middle-aged women : Bone mineral content

Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport Sciences) ◽

10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003390757 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

Yoshio Nakata ◽

Kiyoji Tanaka ◽

Hunkyung Kim ◽

Hitoshi Amagai ◽

Ryosuke Shigematsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Regional Body Composition ◽

Body Mass Reduction

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Normalization of bone mineral content to height, weight, and lean body mass: Implications for clinical use

Calcified Tissue International ◽

10.1007/bf02409405 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 5-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Merete Sanvig Christensen ◽

Claus Christiansen ◽

Jørgen Næstoft ◽

Peter McNair ◽

Ib Transbøl

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Clinical Use

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The relationship between lean body mass and bone mineral content in paediatric health and disease

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2004.06.009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 965-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

N.J. Crabtree ◽

M.S. Kibirige ◽

J.N. Fordham ◽

L.M. Banks ◽

F. Muntoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Health And Disease ◽

The Relationship ◽

Paediatric Health

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Relation of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D to Fat Mass and Lean Mass, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Adults – a DXA-Based Study

Acta Medica Bulgarica ◽

10.2478/amb-2018-0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

M. G. Nikolova ◽

A. B. Penkov ◽

M. A. Boyanov

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D

Abstract Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass, fat-mass indexes (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI). 62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5%) and 35 women (56.5%). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH) D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package. The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7% of the variation in the serum 25(OH) D levels. Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.

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