scholarly journals Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Velislava Todorova ◽  
Kalin Ivanov ◽  
Cédric Delattre ◽  
Vanya Nalbantova ◽  
Diana Karcheva-Bahchevanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rhaponticum Carthamoides ◽  
Plant Adaptogens ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Rich History

Adaptogens are synthetic compounds (bromantane, levamisole, aphobazole, bemethyl, etc.) or plant extracts that have the ability to enhance the body’s stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption. Extracts from Panax ginseng, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Rhodiola rosea, and Schisandra chinensis are considered to be naturally occurring adaptogens and, in particular, plant adaptogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of plant adaptogens in the past and now, as well as to outline the prospects of their future applications. The use of natural adaptogens by humans has a rich history—they are used in recovery from illness, physical weakness, memory impairment, and other conditions. About 50 years ago, plant adaptogens were first used in professional sports due to their high potential to increase the body’s resistance to stress and to improve physical endurance. Although now many people take plant adaptogens, the clinical trials on human are limited. The data from the meta-analysis showed that plant adaptogens could provide a number of benefits in the treatment of chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and immune protection. In the future, there is great potential to register medicinal products that contain plant adaptogens for therapeutic purposes.

The Ego Could Be Depleted, Providing Initial Exertion Is Depleting

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhua Dang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Lihua Mao
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depletion Effect

Abstract. The ego depletion effect has been examined by over 300 independent studies during the past two decades. Despite its pervasive influence, recently this effect has been severely challenged and asserted to be a fake. Based on an up-to-date meta-analysis that examined the effectiveness of each frequently used depleting task, we preregistered the current experiment with the aim to examine whether there would be an ego depletion effect when the Stroop task is used as the depleting task. The results demonstrated a significant ego depletion effect. The current research highlights the importance of the depleting task’s effectiveness. That is to say, the “ego” could be “depleted,” but only when initial exertion is “depleting.”

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

scholarly journals Does Neonatal Imitation Exist? Insights From a Meta-Analysis of 336 Effect Sizes

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162095983
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Davis ◽  
Jonathan Redshaw ◽  
Thomas Suddendorf ◽  
Mark Nielsen ◽  
Siobhan Kennedy-Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Neonatal imitation is a cornerstone in many theoretical accounts of human development and social behavior, yet its existence has been debated for the past 40 years. To examine possible explanations for the inconsistent findings in this body of research, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis synthesizing 336 effect sizes from 33 independent samples of human newborns, reported in 26 articles. The meta-analysis found significant evidence for neonatal imitation ( d = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.39, 0.96], p < .001) but substantial heterogeneity between study estimates. This heterogeneity was not explained by any of 13 methodological moderators identified by previous reviews, but it was associated with researcher affiliation, test of moderators ( QM) (15) = 57.09, p < .001. There are at least two possible explanations for these results: (a) Neonatal imitation exists and its detection varies as a function of uncaptured methodological factors common to a limited set of studies, and (2) neonatal imitation does not exist and the overall positive result is an artifact of high researcher degrees of freedom.

2,2-Dialkylacetic Acids -A New Class of Naturally Occurring Lipid Constituents

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Raab ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Relative Retention Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
South American ◽  
Time Data ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Retention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract The uropygial gland waxes of the South American red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata (L., 1766)) were found to be composed of unbranched alcohols and 2,2′-dialkyl-substituted acetic acids which so far have not been found in skin lipids. When used as a chemosystematic character, the occurrence of this lipid class separates the order Cariamiformes (Seriemas) from all other avian orders hitherto investigated, especially from the Gruiformes (cranes and rails) to which they have been tentatively attributed in the past. From the GC retention time data now available for a series of 2-alkyl-substituted fatty acid methyl esters relative retention time indices for other compounds may be predicted.

scholarly journals 165 A Review of The Current Literature on LMWH Administered at Different Times in Relation to MOS (Major Orthopaedic Surgery): Assessment of The Safety and Efficacy of The Different Proposed Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Placella ◽  
V Pace ◽  
P Antinolfi ◽  
V Salini
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Major Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Major Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
The One

Abstract Nowadays venous VTE represents an important perioperative and postoperative complication in patients undergoing elective Major Orthopedic Surgery (MOS). There are significant discrepancies between clinical practice, international recommendations, and published guidelines. Although thromboembolic events may be less common these days than in the past, they can still lead to serious medical complications. Therefore, most patients undergoing MOS procedures are provided with one of the thromboprophylactic treatments. The optimum timing of LMWH administrations remains debated. Customized structured electronic searches in PubMed and Cochrane database. Meta-Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews on different strategies of the use of LMWH for MOS. Studies on prophylactic regimens showed that subcutaneous LMWH plays a key role in the management of thromboprophylaxis in MOS. However, some controversies still stand. Among those most relevant, it remains unclear whether to start thromboprophylaxis before or after MOS to better balance the risks of clotting and bleeding. With regards to different times of LMWH administration, there is no convincing evidence that starting prophylaxis 12 hours preoperatively is associated with lower risks of VTE compared to prophylaxis started 12 to 24 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, it seems that the most safe and efficient LMWH regimen is the one called “Just-in-time” (LMWH started 6 hours post-op).

A Bayesian adjusted plus-minus analysis for the esport Dota 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Nicholas Clark ◽  
Brian Macdonald ◽  
Ian Kloo
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Sports Analytics ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
The Past ◽  
Score Statistics ◽  
Level Statistics ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Individual Player

AbstractAnalytics and professional sports have become linked over the past several years, but little attention has been paid to the growing field of esports within the sports analytics community. We seek to apply an Adjusted Plus Minus (APM) model, an accepted analytic approach used in traditional sports like hockey and basketball, to one particular esports game: Defense of the Ancients 2 (Dota 2). As with traditional sports, we show how APM metrics developed with Bayesian hierarchical regression can be used to quantify individual player contributions to their teams and, ultimately, use this player-level information to predict game outcomes. In particular, we first provide evidence that gold can be used as a continuous proxy for wins to evaluate a team’s performance, and then use a Bayesian APM model to estimate how players contribute to their team’s gold differential. We demonstrate that this APM model outperforms models based on common team-level statistics (often referred to as “box score statistics”). Beyond the specifics of our modeling approach, this paper serves as an example of the potential utility of applying analytical methodologies from traditional sports analytics to esports.

Investigation by NMR spectroscopy of the structural characteristics of modified oligo-nucleotides with pendant porphyrins

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 797-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Merkaš ◽  
Mladen Žinić ◽  
Régis Rein ◽  
Nathalie Solladié
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Light Harvesting Complexes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Intermolecular Distances ◽  
Uracil Base ◽  
Biopolymer Scaffolds

During the past years, we focused on exerting control over the position and distance of porphyrins along our specifically designed oligonucleotidic scaffold. Indeed, in naturally occurring light-harvesting complexes, biopolymer scaffolds hold pigments at intermolecular distances that optimize photon capture, electronic coupling, and energy transfer. To this end, four uridine-porphyrin conjugates (a monomer, a dimer, a tetramer and an octamer) were subjected to a comprehensive conformational analysis by using NMR spectroscopy. The collected NOE NMR data highlighted characteristic and strong interactions indicating that the glycosidic angle between the ribose and uracil base is anti. In order to further investigate the conformation of this family of molecules, NMR experiments were carried out at variable temperatures. At low temperature, the signals of the porphyrinic protons decoalesce, showing two sets of [Formula: see text]-pyrrolic protons. Similar observations are made for signals corresponding to sugar moieties and especially the H1′ protons, indicating molecular motions within our porphyrin-uridin arrays. These results testify in favor of the existence of a dynamic process between C3′-endo and C2′-endo conformations.

scholarly journals Specificity and promiscuity of gonadotropin receptors

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Costagliola ◽  
Eneko Urizar ◽  
Fernando Mendive ◽  
Gilbert Vassart
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Fsh Receptor ◽  
Ovarian Hyperstimulation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Functional Specificity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Available Information

The dichotomy between hormone recognition by the ectodomain and activation of the G protein by the rhodopsin-like serpentine portion is a well established property of glycoprotein hormone receptors. The specificity barrier avoiding promiscuous activation of the FSH receptor by the high concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prevailing during human pregnancy was thus believed to lie in the ectodomain. In the past two years, mutations responsible for rare spontaneous cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes have partially modified this simple view. Five naturally occurring mutations have been identified which cause an increase in the sensitivity of the FSH receptor to hCG. Surprisingly, these mutations are all located in the serpentine portion of the receptor. In addition to their effect on sensitivity to hCG, they increase sensitivity of the FSH receptor to TSH, and are responsible for activating the receptor constitutively. Together, the available information indicates that the ectodomain and the serpentine domain of the FSH receptor each contribute to the specificity barrier preventing its spurious activation by hCG. While the former is responsible for establishment of binding specificity, the latter introduces a novel notion of functional specificity.Recent data demonstrate that LH and FSH receptors can constitute functional homo- and heterodimers. This suggests the possibility that in cells co-expressing the two receptors, such as granulosa cells, the heterodimers might be endowed with functional characteristics different from those of each homodimer.

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