scholarly journals Evaluation of Disparities in Adults’ Macronutrient Intake Status: Results from the China Health and Nutrition 2011 Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3044
Author(s):  
Yajie Zhao ◽  
Tetsuya Araki
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Recommended Level

Little is known about the macronutrient intake status of adult Chinese people. This cross-sectional study assessed the macronutrient intake status of adults (aged ≥20 years) by comparing their intake level of macronutrients against the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). It further explored the associations between macronutrient intake status and age groups, genders, education levels, smoking status, drinking frequency, social classes, knowledge of Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016 (CDGs), healthy diet priorities, and areas (urban and rural) within two regions (northern and southern). The analysis includes the dietary intake data of 7860 Chinese adults, with complete data entries in the China Health and Nutrition 2011 survey. Dietary data were obtained through the 24 h recall method. More than half had carbohydrate intake below the recommended level of intake, and more than half had fat intake above the recommended level of intake. There were significant associations between three macronutrient intakes and education levels, social classes, healthy diet priorities, areas, and regions. Disparities in macronutrient consumptions revealed geographical and socioeconomic variations in dietary patterns, as well as risks for many different noncommunicable diseases. Public health and nutrition interventions should take notice of regional differences in dietary intake and place more emphasis on vulnerable populations including women, rural residents, and people with lower education level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of older Chinese people's macronutrient intake status: results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Xu ◽  
Julie E. Byles ◽  
Zumin Shi ◽  
John J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Economic Regions

Little is known about the macronutrient intake status of older Chinese people. The present study evaluated the macronutrient intake status of older Chinese people (aged ≥ 60 years), investigated whether they had intake levels that met the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), and explored the associations between macronutrient intakes and age groups, sex, education levels, work status, BMI groups, urbanicity levels and four socio-economic regions of China (Northeast, East Coast, Central and Western). Dietary intake data of 2746 older Chinese with complete dietary intake data in the Longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009 wave) carried out across four diverse regions were analysed. Dietary intake data were obtained by interviews using 24 h recalls over three consecutive days. The MUFA:SFA ratios were calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition Table. Less than one-third of the older Chinese people included in the present study had intake levels meeting the adequate intake for carbohydrate-energy and fat-energy; less than one-fifth had intake levels meeting the recommended nutrient intake for protein-energy; and more than half of the older people had fat-energy intakes higher than the DRI. There were strong associations between the proportions of energy from the three macronutrients and education levels, urbanicity levels and the four socio-economic regions of China, with older people living in the East Coast region having different patterns of macronutrient-energy intakes when compared with those living in the other three regions. Macronutrient intakes across different urbanicity levels in the four regions revealed considerable geographical variations in dietary patterns, which will affect the risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Clinical interventions and public health policies should recognise these regional differences in dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Findings from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 support salad consumption as an effective strategy for improving adherence to dietary recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 976-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda S Sebastian ◽  
Cecilia Wilkinson Enns ◽  
Joseph D Goldman ◽  
M Katherine Hoy ◽  
Alanna J Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Study Results

AbstractObjectiveTo verify the previously untested assumption that eating more salad enhances vegetable intake and determine if salad consumption is in fact associated with higher vegetable intake and greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations.DesignIndividuals were classified as salad reporters or non-reporters based upon whether they consumed a salad composed primarily of raw vegetables on the intake day. Regression analyses were applied to calculate adjusted estimates of food group intakes and assess the likelihood of meeting Healthy US-Style Food Pattern recommendations by salad reporting status.SettingCross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2011–2014 in What We Eat in America, the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsUS adults (n 9678) aged ≥20 years (excluding pregnant and lactating women).ResultsOn the intake day, 23 % of adults ate salad. The proportion of individuals reporting salad varied by sex, age, race, income, education and smoking status (P<0·001). Compared with non-reporters, salad reporters consumed significantly larger quantities of vegetables (total, dark green, red/orange and other), which translated into a two- to threefold greater likelihood of meeting recommendations for these food groups. More modest associations were observed between salad consumption and differences in intake and likelihood of meeting recommendations for protein foods (total and seafood), oils and refined grains.ConclusionsStudy results confirm the DGA message that incorporating more salads in the diet is one effective strategy (among others, such as eating more cooked vegetables) to augment vegetable consumption and adherence to dietary recommendations concerning vegetables.

scholarly journals DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG OLDER AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S939-S939
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire ◽  
Eileen Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Average Consumption

Abstract A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiency are among the leading causes of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and osteoporosis), morbidity, and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess dietary intake and nutritional risk among older Americans. The dietary intake of 15 food and nutrients that are closely associated with the risk of poor health was assessed based on the dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for older Americans using a nationally representative sample of older adults (N=7,737) in the Health and Retirement Study Health Care and Nutrition Survey. The average consumption of most food and nutrients was out of the optimal range. For example, older men and women consumed 1.32-1.35 cups of dairy products and 1.23-1.29 ounces of whole grains, which is less than half of the suggested amount. The average consumption of sodium, on the other hand, was over 12 times greater than suggested dietary recommendation for older men and about 10 times greater for older women. The nutritional risk index (range: 0–15) was created by summing the number of dietary risk factors (not meeting the dietary guidelines and nutritional goals), the index scores for older men and older women were 11.05 (SD=2.31) and 10.09 (SD=2.60) respectively, suggesting the high level of nutritional risk. A healthy diet should be encouraged to prevent chronic diseases and improve the health of older adults. Nutritional education may be an effective way to promote a healthy diet.

scholarly journals Forget the Fad Diets: Use of the USDA's MyPlate Plan Is Associated with Better Dietary Intake in Adults over Age 50 (OR14-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Vernarelli ◽  
Rebecca DiSarro
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Adults over age 50 have different nutritional and metabolic needs than younger adults. During the aging process, metabolism slows, increasing risk for weight gain. Concurrently, as age increases, risk for cardiovascular disease increases. Adults over age 50 may benefit from guidance that provides nutritional guidance that encourages sufficient nutrient intake without caloric excess. Current recommendations in the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans encourage adults to consume a diet low in energy density, and limit intake of solid fats, added sugars and sodium The USDA's MyPlate Plan is available online and provides free, individualized nutrition plans for individuals of all ages, including specific guidelines for adults over age 50. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between use of the online MyPlate Plan and dietary intake in adults >50. Methods Using data from 2014–2016 NHANES, the impact of the MyPlate plan on dietary intake was evaluated in a nationally representative sample of older adults (>50y). During the NHANES, participants were asked to report whether or not they had tried the MyPlate plan. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 survey procedures to account for the unequal sampling probability and complex survey design of the NHANES. Results Adults over age 50 who reported using the MyPlate Plan online had diets lower in energy density (1.74 vs 1.95, P = 0.0009), total calories (1846 vs 2105, P < 0.002); reported fewer calories from beverages (128 vs. 234, P = 0.01), fewer added sugars (11 vs. 15 tsp, P = 0.003), and consumed more grains (7 vs 6 servings) and over double the amount of intact fruits, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, food security status, education, physical activity and smoking status. Conclusions These findings expand on previous work from our group evaluating the impact of DGA on diet quality. Promotion of the MyPlate plan, particularly among older adults, may be an effective strategy to combat weight gain and risk for hypertension in the US. Funding Sources None. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Status of Nutrition in Hemodialysis Patients Survey (SNIPS): Nutrition Intake in Obese and Overweight vs. Healthy Weight Patients

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mona Boaz ◽  
Vered Kaufman-Shriqui ◽  
Odile Azoulay ◽  
Talia Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Weight Status

Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with improved survival and fewer hospitalizations in hemodialysis patients; however, it is not clear that dietary intake is associated with increased BMI in hemodialysis patients. The present analysis was designed to compare energy and macronutrient intake and distribution, as well as compliance with the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) dietary guidelines, by body weight status (overweight/obese vs. normal weight) in hemodialysis patients. The status of nutrition in hemodialysis patients survey (SNIPS) cohort is a cross-sectional study including a representative sample of individuals on hemodialysis treated in hospital dialysis centers throughout Israel. Of the 375 patients eligible for the current analysis, 60.1% had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese). For each participant, the following measures were recorded: dietary intake, blood biochemistry, anthropometric and hemodynamic measures. These were compared by body weight status. Compared to their normal-weight counterparts, overweight/obese hemodialysis patients did not differ by energy and macronutrient intake, distribution of these nutrients in the diet. Regardless of body weight status, hemodialysis patients have poor compliance with ISRNM dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Do older Chinese people’s diets meet the Chinese Food Pagoda guidelines? Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3020-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Xu ◽  
John Hall ◽  
Julie Byles ◽  
Zumin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Chinese Food

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate dietary intake based on the Chinese Food Pagoda (CFP) and to determine what factors may be associated with adherence to CFP guidelines for older Chinese.DesignThis cross-sectional population-based study used 24 h recall over three consecutive days to assess dietary intake and adherence to CFP among older Chinese participating in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009.SettingNine provinces across four diverse regions (Northeast, East Coast, Central and West).SubjectsA total of 2745 older Chinese, aged 60–69 years (n 1563) and ≥70 years (n 1182), with dietary data.ResultsNone of the participants reached all ten food group recommendations. More than half of the participants exceeded the recommended amount for grains (63 %), oil (62·8 %) and salt (55·7 %). Ten per cent of the participants consumed dairy, while merely 0·5 % met the recommended amount. Average Chinese Food Pagoda Score (CFPS) was 3·3 in men and 3·5 in women, far below the maximum possible score of 10. Women had 0·26 higher CFPS than men (P<0·001; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·36). People living in medium and high urbanicity areas had significantly higher scores than those living in low urbanicity areas (P<0·001). Also, there were significant differences in CFPS according to gender, BMI, work status, education level and region.ConclusionsFew older Chinese are meeting the intake of the various food groups based on the recommendations in the CFP guidelines, thus increasing the risk of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. Action is needed to increase dissemination and uptake of nutrition education, with interventions targeted at socio-economic regions. Moreover, specific dietary guidelines for older Chinese people should be developed.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

More Eggs, Less Sugar: A Sneak Peek into the Latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Darlene Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

ABSTRACT The 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides guidance for choosing a healthy diet. There is a focus on preventing and alleviating the effects of diet-related chronic diseases. These include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, among others. This article briefly reviews the primary guideline items that can be used to teach patients with respect to improving their diet. Clinical exercise physiologists who work with patients with chronic disease can use these guidelines for general discussions regarding a heart-healthy diet.

scholarly journals Body Composition, Dietary Intake and the Risk of Low Energy Availability in Elite-Level Competitive Rhythmic Gymnasts

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
María Villa ◽  
José G. Villa-Vicente ◽  
Jesus Seco-Calvo ◽  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
Pilar S. Collado
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Low Energy Availability ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts ◽  
Recommended Level

The aim of this study was to analyze dietary intake and body composition in a group of elite-level competitive rhythmic gymnasts from Spain. We undertook body composition and nutritional analysis of 30 elite gymnasts, divided into two groups by age: pre-teen (9–12 years) (n = 17) and teen (13–18 years) (n = 13). Measures of height, weight, and bioimpedance were used to calculate body mass index and percent body fat. Energy and nutrient intakes were assessed based on 7-day food records. The two groups had similar percentages of total body fat (pre-teen: 13.99 ± 3.83% vs. teen: 14.33 ± 5.57%; p > 0.05). The energy availability values for pre-teens were above the recommended values (>40 kcal/FFM/day) 69.38 ± 14.47 kcal/FFM/day, while those for the teens were much lower (34.7 ± 7.5 kcal/FFM/day). The distribution of the daily energy intake across the macronutrients indicates that both groups ingested less than the recommended level of carbohydrates and more than the recommended level of fat. Very low intakes of calcium and vitamin D among other micronutrients were also noted. The main finding is that teenage gymnasts do not consume as much energy as they need each day, which explains their weight and development. Moreover, they are at a high risk of developing low energy availability that could negatively impact their performance and future health.

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