Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Reward

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Van den Berg ◽  
Ingmar H. A. Franken ◽  
Peter Muris
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
The Brain

Reward, such as monetary gain, and punishment, such as monetary loss, are capable of modifying the electrophysiological signals of the brain. Further, it is known that there are individual differences in the sensitivity for reward and punishment. This study set out to test the relationship between self-reported sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment and electrophysiological brain responses to monetary gains and losses. Subjects filled out the modified Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System scales for measuring responsiveness to reward (RR) and responsiveness to punishment (RP), and performed a gambling task. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between scores on the RR scale and P3 amplitudes on the Fz electrode location to win, loss, and break even outcomes. There was no significant correlation, however, between scores on the RP scale and the P3 amplitudes to all outcomes. For the feedback-related negativity, no significant correlations with both the RR and RP scales were present. Thus individuals scoring high on RR seem to be generally more sensitive to outcomes (either positive or negative) during a task where they might receive a reward.

scholarly journals Motivational system modulates brain responses during exploratory decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Li ◽  
Carol Yeh-Yun Lin ◽  
Ting-Ting Chang ◽  
Nai-Shing Yen ◽  
Danchi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Risk Choice ◽  
The Brain

AbstractManagers face risk in explorative decision-making and those who are better at such decisions can achieve future viability. To understand what makes a manager effective at explorative decision-making requires an analysis of the manager’s motivational characteristics. The behavioral activation/inhibition system (BAS/BIS), fitting the motivational orientation of “approach” or “avoidance,” can affect individual decision-making. However, very little is known about the neural correlates of BAS/BIS orientation and their interrelationship with the mental activity during explorative decision-making. We conducted an fMRI study on 111 potential managers to investigate how the brain responses of explorative decision-making interact with BAS/BIS. Participants were separated into high- and low-performance groups based on the median exploration-score. The low-performance group showed significantly higher BAS than that of the high-performance group, and its BAS had significant negative association with neural networks related to reward-seeking during explorative decision-making. Moreover, the BIS of the low-performance group was negatively correlated with the activation of cerebral regions responding to risk-choice during explorative decision-making. Our finding showed that BAS/BIS was associated with the brain activation during explorative decision-making only in the low-performance group. This study contributed to the understanding of the micro-foundations of strategically relevant decision-making and has an implication for management development.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE COUPLING BETWEEN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) AND GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE (GSR) SIGNALS VERSUS THE COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF MUSIC

Fractals ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150175
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽  
SHAFIUL OMAM ◽  
KAMIL KUCA ◽  
ONDREJ KREJCAR
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Skin Responses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Since skin activity, like other organs, is controlled by the brain, we decoded the correlation among the brain and skin responses in auditory stimulation by complexity-based analysis of EEG and GSR signals. Three pieces of music were selected according to the difference in the fractal exponent and sample entropy of embedded noises in them. We calculated the fractal dimension and sample entropy of EEG and GSR signals for 11 subjects in rest and response to these music pieces. The correlation coefficients of 0.9525 and 0.9822 in the case of fractal dimension and sample entropy demonstrated a strong correlation between the complexities of the GSR and EEG signals. Therefore, we can state that the skin and brain responses are coupled. This method can be applied to evaluate the relationship between the human brain and other organs.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Brain Responses: New Opportunities for Tailoring Health Communication Campaigns

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Huskey ◽  
Benjamin O. Turner ◽  
René Weber
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Message Tailoring ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Prevention neuroscience investigates the brain basis of attitude and behavior change. Over the years, an increasingly structurally and functionally resolved “persuasion network” has emerged. However, current studies have only identified a small handful of neural structures that are commonly recruited during persuasive message processing, and the extent to which these (and other) structures are sensitive to numerous individual difference factors remains largely unknown. In this project we apply a multi-dimensional similarity-based individual differences analysis to explore which individual factors—including characteristics of messages and target audiences—drive patterns of brain activity to be more or less similar across individuals encountering the same anti-drug public service announcements (PSAs). We demonstrate that several ensembles of brain regions show response patterns that are driven by a variety of unique factors. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for neural models of persuasion, prevention neuroscience and message tailoring, and methodological implications for future research.

The Relationship of Electroencephalography to Psychiatry

1945 ◽  
Vol 91 (384) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Hill
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Manic Depression ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Clinical Problems

The technique of electroencephalography has become to neurophysiology what the microscope is to histology. It is probable that by this technique neurophysiologists will achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the functional organization of the brain. While the EEG has been used most successfully for this type of research, it has also been applied with no less enthusiasm to clinical problems of neurology and psychiatry. In certain cerebral disorders, for example epilepsy, where knowledge had already made considerable advance, the EEG technique was immediately found to have application. But in what may be called “the problems of function” provided by the main psychiatric reactions of schizophrenia and manic-depression, and in relation to individual differences of temperament, intelligence and personality, in all these the EEG has so far proved of little value.

scholarly journals Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3327
Author(s):  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Glenn Kiekens ◽  
Els Boekaerts ◽  
Lies Depestele ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

Although it has been postulated that eating disorders (EDs) and obesity form part of a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related disorders, this has not yet been tested empirically. In the present study, we investigated interindividual differences in sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and effortful control along the ED/obesity spectrum in women. We used data on 286 patients with eating disorders (44.6% AN-R, 24.12% AN-BP, and 31.82% BN), 126 healthy controls, and 640 Class II/III obese bariatric patients (32.81% Class II and 67.19% Class III) with and without binge eating. Participants completed the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation scales, as well as the effortful control scale, to assess sensitivity to punishment and reward and effortful control. Results showed that patients with EDs scored significantly higher on punishment sensitivity (anxiety) compared to healthy controls and Class II/III obese patients; the different groups did not differ significantly on reward sensitivity. Patients with binge eating or compensatory behaviors scored significantly lower on effortful control than patients without binge eating. Differences in temperamental profiles along the ED/obesity spectrum appear continuous and gradual rather than categorical. This implies that it may be meaningful to include emotion regulation and impulse regulation training in the treatment of both EDs and obesity.

The Development of a Short Form of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cooper ◽  
Rapson Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Item Properties ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) has been proposed as a measure of the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Previous research with the SPSRQ has highlighted potential problems with the factor structure of the measure and individual item properties. The aim of the current studies was to use factor analytic and item response theory (IRT) methods to examine the psychometric properties of the SPSRQ. A further aim was to develop a short version of the SPSRQ. In Study 1, 393 adult participants completed the SPSRQ. The results from this study highlighted problems with the factor structure and item properties that had been noted in previous research. On this basis, a short form of the measure was proposed. In Study 2, the short form of the SPSRQ was tested with an independent sample (N = 327). These analyses suggested the short form of the SPSRQ had an improved factor structure, good item properties, and acceptable reliability.

scholarly journals HIGH BAS AND LOW BIS IN OVERCONFIDENCE, AND THEIR IMPACT ON MOTIVATION AND SELF-EFFICACY AFTER POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Krupić
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

Self-confidence, motivation, and performance outcome are vital for goal-directed behaviour. However, people do not react to a positive and negative performance in the same way. This study examines (a) the relationship between self-confidence and approach/avoidance motivation, and (b) how approach- and avoidance-oriented individuals respond to a performance outcome. The study was conducted on 93 participants. The first part of the study examined the relationship between self-confidence and approach/avoidance motivation within Reinforcement sensitivity theory, while the second part examined changes in motivation and self-efficiency in overconfident, avoidance- and approach-oriented individuals, following the positive and negative performance. Approach and avoidance tendencies were assessed by Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ) and Sensitivity to Punishment Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Correlational analysis showed that the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) and Sensitivity to Reward (SR) correlated positively, while Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) correlated negatively with confidence. In addition, moderated regression analysis showed that (a) high BIS, SP and SR individuals were strongly demotivated following the negative performance, (b) while overconfident and high BAS individuals maintained their initial motivation. On the other hand, motivation in high SR, but not in the high BAS and overconfident individuals, increased after the positive performance. None of the scales predicted the change of self-efficacy either after the positive or negative performance. High BAS and low BIS in overconfident individuals may explain why they strive more toward the final goal despite drawbacks. The theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed in the paper.

Sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment as factors for predicting an alcohol use disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 122-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J.V. Vizcaíno ◽  
M.M. Mayor ◽  
I.M. Gras ◽  
G.P. Alfaro ◽  
M.Á.J. Arriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

RationaleGray's theory of personality distinguishes two personality dimensions: Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). This construct has been widely used in the field of addictions and the study of impulsivity. BIS and BAS can be measured using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). This questionnaire has been carried out in cross-sectional studies related to alcohol misuse, eating disorders, pathological gambling and cannabis misuse.ObjectivesTo study Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment as factors that could predict the development of Alcohol Dependence.Methods380 subjects completed the SPSRQ at the beginning of the study and were followed-up for 4 years. At this point, participants completed a protocol that assessed drinking-related variables and drinking patterns. Statistic was performed using regression analysis.ResultsLow scores obtained in the Reward Sensitivity Subscale was a significant predictor for developing an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). High scores obtained in the Punishment Sensitivity Subscale were not significantly related to the subsequent development of an AUD.ConclusionsLow scores obtained in the Reward Sensitivity Subscale predict a higher risk for the development of Alcohol Dependence. This could be due to more difficulties that these individuals exhibit, despite the negative consequences, when they have to inhibit their seeking behavior and intake of alcohol.

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