scholarly journals Nut Allergy: Clinical and Allergological Features in Italian Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4076
Author(s):  
Sylvie Tagliati ◽  
Simona Barni ◽  
Mattia Giovannini ◽  
Giulia Liccioli ◽  
Lucrezia Sarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization ◽  
Food Anaphylaxis

Background: Nut allergies are an increasingly frequent health issue in the pediatric population. Tree nuts (TN) and peanuts are the second cause of food anaphylaxis in Italy. Unfortunately, knowledge of the clinical characteristics of a TN allergy in Italian children is limited. Our study aimed to identify the clinical and allergological characteristics of Italian children with a nut allergy (TN and peanut). Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was performed on the clinical charts of children with a history of nut reaction referred to the allergy unit of the hospital from 2015 to 2019. The studied population was represented by children with a confirmed nut allergy based on positive prick by prick and/or serum-specific IgE to nut plus a positive nut oral food challenge. Demographic, clinical, and allergological features were studied and compared among different nuts. Results: In total, 318 clinical charts were reviewed. Nut allergy was confirmed in 113 patients. Most patients (85/113, 75%) had a familial history of allergy and/or a concomitant allergic disorder (77/113, 68%). Hazelnut and walnut were the more common culprit nuts observed in allergic children. Anaphylaxis was the first clinical manifestation of nut allergy in a high percentage of children (54/113, 48%). The mean age of the first nut reaction was statistically higher with pine nuts. Over 75% of children reported a single nut reaction. During the OFCs, the signs and symptoms involved mainly the gastrointestinal system (82/113, 73%) and resolved spontaneously in most cases. Severe reactions were not frequent (22/113, 19%). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first Italian study that provided a comprehensive characterization of children with a nut allergy. These results are important for clinicians treating children with a nut allergy.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with an Accessory Muscle

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Kinoshita ◽  
Ryuzo Okuda ◽  
Junichi Morikawa ◽  
Muneaki Abe
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel ◽  
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Accessory Muscle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrophysiological Examination ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Physical Findings

Between 1986 and 1999, we surgically treated 41 patients (49 feet) with Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS) in whom seven (eight feet) were associated with an accessory muscle. An accessory flexor digitorum longus muscle was present in six patients, and an accessory soleus muscle was in one patient (both feet). Three of them were males and four females, with the mean age of 33.1 years (12 to 59 years). The mean interval from the onset of symptoms to operation was 7.5 months (range, six to nine months). All patients with an accessory muscle had a history of trauma or strenuous sporting activity. The diagnosis of TTS was made based on physical findings in all the patients (eight feet) and confirmed in five patients (six feet) by electrophysiological examination. Imaging examinations (radiography, ultrasonography, MRI) revealed abnormal bone and soft tissue lesions in and around the tarsal tunnel. Preoperative signs and symptoms disappeared average 4.1 months after decompression of the tibial nerve in addition to excision of the muscle. No functional deficit was observed at final follow-up (24 to 88 months).

scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of 76 Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites in Wastewater by LC-MS/MS

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Cristian Gómez-Canela ◽  
Sílvia Edo ◽  
Natalia Rodríguez ◽  
Gemma Gotor ◽  
Sílvia Lacorte
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Wastewaters are considered one of the main sources of pollution in the aquatic environment as release a large number of contaminants every day. Emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals have special interest due to the high levels of consumption by the global population, their bioactive properties and because actual directives do not include the monitoring of pharmaceuticals. Moreover, it is well-known that pharmaceuticals can be degraded to metabolites or transformation products (TPs), which could be more toxic than the parental compound. In this study, we have developed an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine 76 highly consumed pharmaceuticals, including metabolites and TPs in wastewater effluents. In the 10 wastewaters analysed, the mean concentrations were in the µg L−1 levels, being mycophenolic acid, levodopa, ibuprofen, 4-aminoantypirine, losartan, amylmetacresol, amoxicillin, fluticasone, tramadol, budesonide, chlorpheniramine and diclofenac the pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations. This study provides a comprehensive optimization on the MS conditions to determine pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites and provides a spectral characterization to be used for the identification of these compounds in water.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of oral immunotherapy in patients with Sesame anaphylaxis using Omalizumab

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Salari ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Bemanian ◽  
Morteza Fallahpour ◽  
Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani ◽  
Sima Shokri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Wheal Diameter ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Sesame allergy is the most prevalent allergy to seeds. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is defined as continuous consumption of an allergen at special doses and time. Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) increases tolerance to allergens used in OIT. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new sesame OIT protocol in patients with sesame anaphylaxis in combination with omalizumab. Methods In this prospective open-label interventional trial study, 11 patients with a history of sesame anaphylaxis were enrolled after approval by Oral Food Challenge (OFC) test. At baseline, skin prick test (SPT) and skin prick to prick (SPP) test were performed. Serum sesame-specific IgE (sIgE) levels were measured. The maintenance phase was continued at home with daily sesame intake for 4 months. At the end of month 4, the OFC and above-mentioned tests were repeated to evaluate the treatment effectiveness. Results All 11 patients who underwent sesame OIT after 4 months could tolerate a dietary challenge of 22 ml tahini (natural sesame seed, equal to 5,000 mg of sesame protein and higher) and the average of wheal diameter in the SPT and SPP tests significantly decreased after desensitization. Conclusion This OIT protocol may be a promising desensitization strategy for patients with sesame anaphylaxis. Also, omalizumab obviously reduced the severity of reactions.

scholarly journals Higher venom-specific IgE levels differentiate children with previous local large reactions from children with previous systemic reactions of different severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 017-021
Author(s):  
Elide Anna Pastorello ◽  
Linda Borgonovo ◽  
Marta Piantanida ◽  
Jan Walter Schroeder ◽  
Valerio Pravettoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Local Reactions ◽  
Large Local Reactions

Introduction: Risk factors for systemic reactions (SRs) from hymenoptera venom (HV) allergy are well known in the adult population but they have been little studied in the pediatric one. Method: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for SRs in a population of children allergic to HV, comparing a series of clinical (age, gender, atopy, asthma) and laboratory (total IgE, tryptase, venom-specific IgE levels) variables between patients with at least two large local reactions (LLRs) and patients with SRs of different severity for the identified insect. We selected a population of HV allergic children aged <15 years with LLRs or SRs stratified according to Mueller grades after stinging. Results: The population included 80 children, 35 with at least 2 LLRs and 45 with SRs. The level of specific IgE for vespid (Polistes dominula, Vespula species) venoms was significantly higher (p = 0.0321) in children with SRs (Mueller grade II+III+IV) than in those with LLRs and the same significance was also found for specific IgE for Apis mellifera, considering SRs group (Mueller grade I+II+III+IV) in respect with LLRs group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The main difference in our pediatric population was the highest level of specific IgE in children with a history of SRs compared to those with a history of LLRs for both vespids and honey bees. These results, once confirmed on a larger population, could suggest the opportunity to follow the behavior of venom specific IgE in children with LLRs to reveal a risk to develop future more serious reactions.

scholarly journals Microsatellites for the Neotropical Ant, Odontomachus chelifer (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra S M Lemos ◽  
Marianne Azevedo-Silva ◽  
Salatiel Gonçalves-Neto ◽  
Anete P Souza ◽  
Paulo S Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Enriched Library ◽  
Cerrado Savanna ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymorphism Level ◽  
Diversity Estimates ◽  
Odontomachus Chelifer

Abstract Odontomachus chelifer (Latreille) (Ponerinae) is a ground-dwelling, predominantly carnivorous ant whose colonies may contain multiple egg-laying queens and are potentially susceptible to border effects in the Brazilian savanna known as Cerrado. The ecology and natural history of O. chelifer is well studied, but very little is known about the genetic diversity of O. chelifer colonies. In this study, we developed microsatellite markers for the study of genetic variation in O. chelifer. We created a microsatellite-enriched library that resulted in the development and characterization of 22 markers, of which 18 were found to be polymorphic in the population studied. The mean expected heterozygosity was 0.59, whereas the mean rarified allelic richness was determined as 4.27 alleles per locus. The polymorphism level detected was similar to genetic diversity estimates found in other poneromorph ant species. The microsatellites developed here are likely to be useful for the investigation of colony structure, functional polygyny, breeding system, and population genetics in O. chelifer. Moreover, the description of O. chelifer’s genetic diversity is crucial for its conservation and maintenance of its ecological role in the Cerrado savanna.

scholarly journals Imaging characteristics and growth of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Clarke ◽  
Andrew B. Foy ◽  
Nicholas Wetjen ◽  
Corey Raffel
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Foramen Of Monro ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
The Mean

Object Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are a common manifestation of tuberous sclerosis (TS). These evolving tumors have a propensity to cause obstructive hydrocephalus, usually due to obstruction at the level of the foramen of Monro. Differentiating SEGAs from subependymal nodules (SENs) before obstruction occurs may improve the morbidity associated with these tumors. In this study the authors' aim was to determine imaging characteristics of proven tumors in a single-center pediatric population. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed all records and images obtained in patients with TS in whom results of biopsy sampling had proven that their tumors were SEGAs. Time to presentation, signs and symptoms at presentation, and imaging characteristics of the evolving tumors were noted. Twelve patients with 14 SEGAs proven by the results of biopsy sampling were reviewed. Resection was recommended for symptomatic and neuroimaging evidence of hydrocephalus (41%), tumor growth without evidence of hydrocephalus (33%), and for poorly controlled seizures (25%). The mean diameter of the tumors at the time of resection was 1.9 cm (range 0.3–4 cm), and no tumor recurred. Because of the pathological and radiographic continuum of SENs and SEGAs, it remains difficult to predict whether and when a given lesion will progress. Tumor growth and contrast enhancement are the most common signs of progression on neuroimages, and may be seen prior to the development of obstructive hydrocephalus. Conclusions Patients with SENs and SEGAs should undergo follow-up neuroimaging at yearly intervals, and if lesions show signs of progression (contrast enhancement or growth), these intervals should be shortened and consideration given to early resection.

Natural Course and Prognostic Factors of Immediate-Type Peanut Allergy in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Minyoung Jung ◽  
Hye-In Jeong ◽  
Yechan Kyung ◽  
Su Kyung Kim ◽  
Ju Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Peanut Allergy ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Sige Level ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
History Of

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Predicting food allergy resolution is essential to minimize the number of restricted foods in children. However, there have been no studies on the natural history of peanut allergy (PA) in Korea. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aimed to evaluate the natural course and prognostic factors of immediate-type PA in children till the age of 10 years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively collected data of 122 children who developed PA before 60 months of age from 3 tertiary hospitals in Korea. Diagnosis and resolution of PA was defined as an oral food challenge test or a convincing history of symptoms within 2 h after peanut ingestion. The prognostic factors for resolution of PA were identified using the Cox proportional hazard model. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 2.0 (1.3–3.0) years. Among the 122 children, PA resolved in 18 (14.8%) children. The level of peanut-specific IgE (sIgE) at diagnosis in the persistence group was significantly higher than that in the resolution group (<i>p</i> = 0.026). The probabilities of resolution of PA were 10.3% and 32.8% at the ages of 6 and 10 years, respectively. A peanut-sIgE level ≥1 kU/L at diagnosis was significantly associated with persistent PA (hazard ratio, 5.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.89–18.87). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Only 10.3% of our patients had a probability of developing spontaneous resolution of PA by 6 years of age. Peanut-sIgE levels ≥1 kU/L at diagnosis were associated with the persistence of PA.

Astronomical Roots of Risk Management Measures

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Colin Read
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Games Of Chance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Variance Approach

The mean-variance approach has remained the de facto method to characterize risk ever since Markowitz' development of Modern Portfolio Theory. This mean-variance underpinning goes back much further, though, to an era before modern street lighting when humankind held a fascination with the cosmos and the movement of the planets. At the same time, physicists and mathematicians were employed to allow gamblers to improve their odds in games of chance. The techniques are now applied to the more down-to-earth challenges of the characterization of risk and optimization of reward. I describe the work of the pioneers who collective gave us the mean-variance tool. This retrospective analysis of the history of risk and financial markets arose from the collective innovations of Daniel Bernoulli, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Louis Bachelier, Jacob Marschak, Harry Markowitz, William Sharpe, Paul Samuelson, and Fischer Black and Myron Scholes. Their contributions helped establish our understanding of the science of risk management.

scholarly journals Oral Investigation in Childhood Psoriasis: Correlation With Geographic Tongue and Disease Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Bruna Picciani Lavinas Sayed ◽  
Thays Teixeira-Souza ◽  
Áquila Curty Almenara ◽  
Luna Azulay-Abulafia ◽  
Amanda Hertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Childhood psoriasis affects 2% of the world pediatric population. An association between psoriasis and geographic tongue (GT) in adults has been suggested, but there are no studies in children. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of oral lesions in pediatric patients with psoriasis (PP) and healthy controls and investigate the correlation between GT, severity, and age of psoriasis onset. Methods: The participants were 17 PP aged <18 years and 91 HC. The severity of vulgaris psoriasis was determined according to Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and all patients underwent an oral examination. Results: Oral findings were present in 43% of the participants and the most common lesions were candidiasis and GT. There was a mean earlier onset in psoriasis with GT (3 years old) compared to psoriasis without GT (10 years old). The mean PASI scores in psoriasis with GT and psoriasis without GT were 9 and 3, respectively. Conclusion: Geographic tongue and candidiasis were frequently found in PP. Patients with psoriasis with GT are younger and have earlier onset of the disease, a positive family history of psoriasis, and a severe form of the disease. The present study is the first of its type to demonstrate clinical differences in pediatric PP with and without GT.

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