scholarly journals Front-of-Pack Labeling in Chile: Effects on Employment, Real Wages, and Firms’ Profits after Three Years of Its Implementation

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Guillermo Paraje ◽  
Daniela Montes de Oca ◽  
Juan Marcos Wlasiuk ◽  
Mario Canales ◽  
Barry M. Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the impact of Chile’s innovative law on Food Labeling and Advertising, enacted in June 2016, on employment and real wages and profit margins for the food and beverage manufacturing sectors in the 2016–2019 period, using unique company-specific monthly data from Chile’s tax collection agency (measuring aggregate employment, real wages, average size of firms, and gross profit margins of the food and beverage manufacturing sector). Interrupted-time series analyses (ITSA) on administrative data from tax-paying firms was used and compared to synthetic control groups of sectors not affected by the regulations. ITSA results show no effect on aggregate employment nor on the average size of the firms, while they show negligible effects on real wages and gross margin of profits (as proportion of total sales), after the first two stages of the implementation (36 months), despite significant decreases in consumption in certain categories (sugar-sweetened beverages, breakfast cereals, etc.). Despite the large declines found in purchases of unhealthy foods, employment did not change and impacts on other economic outcomes were small. Though Chile’s law, is peculiar there is no reason to believe that if similar regulations were adopted elsewhere, they would have different results.

Retailer-led healthy pricing interventions: a pilot study within aquatic and recreation centres in Victoria, Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Huse ◽  
Liliana Orellana ◽  
Megan Ferguson ◽  
Claire Palermo ◽  
Alethea Jerebine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Customer Support ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Retail Managers ◽  
Retail Setting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staff Engagement

Abstract This study aimed to pilot the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of three co-developed healthy food and beverage pricing interventions in a community retail setting. Aquatic and recreation centres in Victoria, Australia were recruited to co-develop and pilot pricing interventions within their onsite cafés, for 15 weeks from January 2019. A mixed method intervention evaluation was conducted. Interviews were conducted with food retail managers to understand the factors perceived to influence implementation, maintenance and effectiveness. Customer surveys assessed support for, and awareness of, interventions. Interrupted time series analysis estimated the impact of pricing interventions on food and beverage sales. Three centres each implemented a unique intervention: (i) discounted healthy bundles (‘healthy combination deals’), (ii) offering deals at specific times of the day (‘healthy happy hours’) and (iii) increasing the prices of selected unhealthy options and reducing the prices of selected healthier options (‘everyday pricing changes’). Café team leaders did not identify any significant challenges to implementation or maintenance of interventions, though low staff engagement was identified as potentially influencing the null effect on sales for healthy combination deals and healthy happy hours interventions. Customers reported low levels of awareness and high levels of support for interventions. Everyday pricing changes resulted in a significant decrease in sales of unhealthy items during the intervention period, though also resulted in a decrease in café revenue. Co-developed healthy food and beverage pricing interventions can be readily implemented with broad customer support. Everyday pricing changes have demonstrated potential effectiveness at reducing unhealthy purchases.

Prevalence and strategies of energy drink, soda, processed snack, candy and restaurant product marketing on the online streaming platform Twitch

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2793-2803
Author(s):  
Catherine C Pollack ◽  
Jason Kim ◽  
Jennifer A Emond ◽  
John Brand ◽  
Diane Gilbert-Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Online Streaming ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the prevalence of food and beverage marketing on Twitch.tv (Twitch), a social media platform where individuals broadcast live audiovisual material to millions of daily users.Design:Observational analysis of the prevalence of 238 food and beverage brands in five distinct categories (processed snacks; food delivery services and restaurants; candies, energy drinks/coffees/teas; and sodas and other sugar-sweetened beverages) over the course of 18 months.Setting:Twitch streamer profiles and stream titles between January 2018 and July 2019. Twitch chat room messages during July 2019.Participants:None.Results:There was a significant increase in brand exposure on Twitch both in stream titles (sodas and candies, P < 0·05) and on streamer profiles (sodas, restaurants/food delivery services, candies, and energy drinks/coffees/teas, P < 0·05) over the 18-month study period. Energy drinks, coffees and teas had the most exposure with 1·08 billion exposure hours from profiles and 83 million exposure hours from titles. Restaurants/food delivery services and sugar-sweetened beverages were the most frequently mentioned products in chat rooms with 1·24 million messages and 1·10 million messages, respectively.Conclusions:This study is the first to demonstrate the extent by which food and beverage brands garner millions of hours of exposure on Twitch. Future studies should evaluate the impact that this level of exposure to nutrient-poor, energy-dense products may have on behavioural and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Did England's Teenage Pregnancy Strategy reduce pregnancy rates in England? A Natural Experiment study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Baxter ◽  
Ruth Dundas ◽  
Frank Popham ◽  
Peter Craig
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Objective To re-evaluate the impact of England's Teenage Pregnancy Strategy (1999 to 2010) on pregnancy and birth rates. Hailed as a unique, nation-wide, comprehensive, evidence-based intervention, the strategy has been promoted as a reproducible model for other countries with high teenage pregnancy rates. Design Controlled interrupted time series and synthetic control analyses using routinely collected data on births and abortions in 16 countries. Setting The Strategy was published in July 1999 and implemented from 2000-2010, with increased investment in areas with higher rates of under-18 pregnancies from 2006 onwards. Participants Women aged under 20 living in England during the intervention period were considered to be the target population. Women in Scotland and Wales were the control population in our interrupted time series analyses. Women from European and English-speaking high-income countries were the control population in our synthetic control analyses. Main outcome measures The pregnancy rate among women aged under-18 was our primary outcome, as this was the target of the Strategy. We used under-18 births and under-20 pregnancies as secondary outcomes. Results In the controlled interrupted time series analyses, trends in rates of teenage pregnancy in England were similar to Scotland (0.08 fewer pregnancies per 1,000 women per year in England; -0.74 to 0.59) and Wales (0.14 more pregnancies per 1,000 women per year in England; -0.48 to 0.76). In synthetic control analyses, under-18 birth rates were very similar in England and the synthetic control. Under-20 pregnancy rates were marginally higher in England than in the synthetic control. Placebo testing and other sensitivity analyses supported the finding of no observable effect. Conclusion Although teenage pregnancies and births in England fell following implementation of the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, comparisons with other countries suggest the strategy had little, if any, effect. The strategy should not be used as a model for future public health interventions in England or in other countries. The protocol for the analysis was published online at https://osf.io/tdbr8/

Factors Affecting Export Competitiveness of Singapore’s Manufacturing Sector: A Regression Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850009
Author(s):  
Soon-Beng Chew ◽  
Jia Hong Chen ◽  
Ming Chou Hung ◽  
Teresa Wan Ying Lek
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Operating Surplus

This paper examines the export competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in Singapore. More specifically, we examine how the existence of import content of exports, productivity gains, and profit margins affect the competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing exports. Using proxies such as price of exports, price of imports, unit business costs, and net operating surplus over manufacturing output, we analyze our results empirically and seek to show the significance of these variables in affecting the export competitiveness in the unique case of Singapore. As price of exports and price of imports are both expressed in Singapore dollars (SGD) and this captures the exchange rate, we can assess the impact of a stronger SGD on the export competitiveness of Singapore’s manufacturing sector. Traditional economic notions according to Mundell–Fleming model have predominantly assumed that the appreciation of local currency would stimulate imports and harm exports, vice versa. However, in the case of Singapore where there is a high import content in exports, our paper reveals that exports are not adversely affected by an appreciation of SGD. This is attributed to the direct causal relationship between import prices and export prices that helps to minimize the effects of a higher cost of export production brought about by appreciation, with lower import costs. Furthermore, the impacts of productivity growth and profit margins on export competitiveness are very small, supporting the notion that Singapore exporters are price-takers.

scholarly journals Influence of the size of equity on corporate efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Klaudiusz Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Return On Sales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Share

Research background: From the perspective of managers and shareholders, obtaining profit is the main goal and driver of company activity. A profitable company can find investors easily, because they count on a big return on investment. However, enterprises that are not effective enough could end up being taken over by others, go bankrupt or shut down business.Purpose of the article: is to identify the impact of a high share of equity in the total assets on the profitability of manufacturing companies.Methods: The focus of this paper is on the manufacturing sector. Research time-scale is set to sixteen years (2000–2015). The choice of this period is determined by data availability. In the examined interval of time over 15 thousand firms from the sector in question were flirted drawn from the EMIS. The gathered data enabled computation of the following financial indicators for the itemized companies: gross margin, operating margin, return on sales, return on assets, and return on equity. Then selection of companies was carried out to choose these with a high share of equity in its total assets. The proportion was regarded to be high if it reaches fifty one percent. Companies with quantities below this threshold have been excluded from the sample. The next step defines intervals (classes) for the equity ratio. Depending on the value of equity, the remaining firms were assigned to their corresponding class. In order to analyze influence of the quantity of equity on the level of profitability t-Student test for independent samples has been applied.Findings & Value added: The comparative analysis of the indicator of the size of equity with the indicators of profitability makes it possible to confirm that there is a significant impact on the value of profitability ratios of manufacturing companies. However, in most cases the impact is statistically irrelevant.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Food and Beverages Manufacturing Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnesh Telukdarie ◽  
Megashnee Munsamy ◽  
Popopo Mohlala
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Food Value

The globe has been subjected to an unprecedented health challenge in the form of COVID-19, indiscriminately impacting the global economy, global supply chains, and nations. The resolution of this unprecedented challenge does not seem to be in the short-term horizon but rather something the globe has to live with. Initial data provides for some insights on responses, precautions, and sustainability protocols and processes. The Food and Beverages Manufacturing sector in South Africa (SA) and globally is an expeditious respondent to the COVID-19 challenge. Food is essential for human existence, but the food value chain is subjected to significant COVID-19 risks. The Food and Beverage Sector Education and Training Authority is responsible for skills development in the Food and Beverages (FoodBev) Manufacturing Sector in South Africa and seeks to quantify Foodbev sustainability. This research paper reviews global literature, performs a high-level knowledge classification, with the aim of expedited awareness, knowledge sharing, and most importantly, quantification of an expedited response, within the FoodBev Manufacturing sector in SA. The research is contextualized via a SA sector-based instrument deployment and data analysis. The paper provides insights into COVID-19 impact, adaptations, and responses in the SA Food and Beverages Manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Impact of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on price, import and sale volumes in an island: interrupted time series analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrea M Teng ◽  
Murat Genç ◽  
Josephine Herman ◽  
Louise Signal ◽  
Danny Areai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of changes in import tariffs on sweetened beverages. Design: Interrupted time series analysis was used to examine sweetened beverage tariff increases of 40–60 % in 2008 and to 75 % in 2012, and an approximately 11 % decrease in 2014 when an excise tax replaced the tariff. Post-tax trends were compared with a counterfactual modelled on the pre-tax trend for: quarterly price of an indicator beverage, monthly beverage import volumes (both 2001–2017) and quarterly sales volumes (2012–2017). In a controlled analysis, taxed beverage imports were compared with a sugary snacks control. Setting: Cook Islands. Participants: NA. Results: In the first year, after the 2008 tariff increase the price of the selected indicator soft drink increased by 7·3 % (95 % CI 6·3 %, 8·3 %) but after the 2012 tariff increase it decreased by 13·9 % (95 % CI –14·9 %, –12·8 %). At the same time, the import volumes of taxed beverages decreased by 13·2 % (95 % CI –38·1 %, 17·8 %) and 2·9 % (95 % CI –41·6 %, 72·5 %), respectively, and decreased by 24·8 % (95 % CI –36·9, –9·8) and 10·2 % (95 % CI –37·1, 37·5) in the controlled analysis. After the 2014 tax decrease, the price of the indicator soft drink decreased by 23·6 % (95 % CI –26·0 %, –21·1 %), sweetened beverage imports increased by 4·5 % (95 % CI –39·5 %, 156·0 %) and sales of full-sugar soft drinks increased by 31 % (95 % CI –21 %, 243 %). Conclusions: The increased import tariffs on sweetened beverages appeared to be effective for reducing import volumes, but this was partly reversed by the reduced tax/tariff in 2014.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF INFLATION AND REAL WAGES ON GROSS PROFIT MARGINS FOR LQ 45 COMPANIES IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Kezia Njeri Muiruri
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact both inflation (INF) and real wages (RW) have on gross profit margins (GPM) for LQ 45 companies in Indonesia. The LQ 45 companies are the most liquid companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange and were chosen as the most appropriate object of study. This study analyzed the data by using panel data regression models for 78 companies collectively for years 2004 to 2012. The results indicate that gross profit margins are negatively correlated to inflation and positively correlated to real wages. Future research may include companies that participated in the months of August to December.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document