The Effects of Iodine Fortified Milk on the Iodine Status of Lactating Mothers and Infants in an Area with a Successful Salt Iodization Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Context: Exercise and calcium-vitamin D are independently recognized as important strategies to prevent osteoporosis, but their combined effects on bone strength and its determinants remain uncertain. Objective: To assess whether calcium-vitamin D3 fortified milk could enhance the effects of exercise on bone strength, structure, and mineral density in middle-aged and older men. Design, Setting, Participants: An 18-month factorial design randomized controlled trial in which 180 men aged 50–79 years were randomized to the following: exercise + fortified milk; exercise; fortified milk; or controls. Exercise consisted of progressive resistance training with weight-bearing impact activities performed 3 d/week. Men assigned to fortified milk consumed 400 ml/d of 1% fat milk containing 1000 mg/d calcium and 800 IU/d vitamin D3. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone structure, and strength at the lumbar spine (LS), proximal femur, mid-femur, and mid-tibia measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and/or quantitative computed tomography. Results: There were no exercise-by-fortified milk interactions at any skeletal site. Main effect analysis showed that exercise led to a 2.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.5–3.6) net gain in femoral neck section modulus, which was associated with an approximately 1.9% gain in areal BMD and cross-sectional area. Exercise also improved LS trabecular BMD [net gain 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 0.2–4.1)], but had no effect on mid-femur or mid-tibia BMD, structure, or strength. There were no main effects of the fortified milk at any skeletal site. Conclusion: A community-based multi-component exercise program successfully improved LS and femoral neck BMD and strength in healthy older men, but providing additional calcium-vitamin D3 to these replete men did not enhance the osteogenic response.

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Effect of Fish-oil Supplementation During Lactation on Maternal Milk Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Concentration: Results From a Sub-study of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33686/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alemayehu Argaw ◽

Kimberley P Bouckaert ◽

Mekitie Wondafrash ◽

Patrick Kolsteren ◽

Carl Lachat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Maternal Milk ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

Long Chain

Abstract Background: Human milk (HM) is the main source of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) for infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries. While the AA concentration in HM seems rather stable, the concentration of DHA is highly variable and influenced by the maternal intake of marine foods. Mothers in low-income settings living far from coastal areas have limited access to marine foods which may put their children at risk of inadequate omega-3 (n-3) LCPs intake.Objective: In a sub-study of an individually randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil supplementation of lactating mothers on HM n-3 LCPs concentrations in a rural setting in Ethiopia.Methods: Mothers (n = 360) with children 6-12 months old were randomized to receive either an intervention fish-oil capsules [FO: 215 mg DHA + 285 mg EPA] or a control corn-oil capsules [CO: without n-3 LCPs] for 12 months. In a random subsample of 154 participants, we analyzed LCPs in HM and child capillary blood using gas chromatography at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months of the intervention.Results: Compared to the control, FO supplementation increased HM concentrations of DHA by 39.0% (P < 0.001) and EPA by 36.2% (P < 0.001), whereas the AA/(DHA + EPA) ratio decreased by 53.5% (P < 0.001). We also found statistically significant associations between the changes in (DHA + EPA)/AA ratio in the maternal milk and the child capillary blood samples following the supplementation (P < 0.001). However, HM DHA concentrations still remained lower than international norms after the fish-oil intervention.Conclusions: Fish-oil supplementation in lactating mothers improves n-3 LCPs status of HM. It is recommended that future studies evaluate different doses of n-3 LCP and consider the impact of potential effect modifiers such as genetic polymorphism, diet, and others.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01817634. Registered 20 March 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01817634.

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The Effectiveness of Goat Milk to Increase the Quantity of Breast Milk Among Lactation Women: Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.05.38 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Prita Alvina Reviana ◽

◽

Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi ◽

Vitri Widyaningsih ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Milk Production ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Breast Milk Production ◽

Lactating Mothers

ABSTRACT Background: Goat milk has some potential nutrition than cow milk. Studies suggested that goat milk is better digested and absorbed than cow milk. It also has less allergen protein and lower lactose. Previous studies examined the benefit of goat milk as infant feeding to increase infant growth compared with cow milk-based formula. However, the studies that analyze the effect of goat milk in increasing breast milk production are scarce. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of goat milk to increase breast milk volume in lactating mothers. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The study was conducted in Madiun, East Java, in October 2019. A sample of 100 lactating mothers with children aged 1 to 3 months was selected purposively. The dependent variable was volume of breast milk. The independent variable was the effectiveness of goat milk. The data were collected by food recall 24 hours and observational sheet. The data were analyzed by t test. Results: Breast milk production after giving goat milk in the intervention group (Mean= 121.5; SD= 12.81) was higher than control group (Mean= 97.06; SD= 13.59), and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Goat milk is effective to increase quantity of breast milk in lactating mothers. Keywords: breast milk production, goat milk Correspondence: Prita Alvina Reviana. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282334673976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.38

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