scholarly journals Inhibition of Dermatophyte Fungi by Australian Jarrah Honey

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Annabel Guttentag ◽  
Krishothman Krishnakumar ◽  
Nural Cokcetin ◽  
Steven Hainsworth ◽  
Elizabeth Harry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Superficial dermatophyte infections, commonly known as tineas, are the most prevalent fungal ailment and are increasing in incidence, leading to an interest in alternative treatments. Many floral honeys possess antimicrobial activity due to high sugar, low pH, and the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from the activity of the bee-derived enzyme glucose oxidase. Australian jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) honey produces particularly high levels of H2O2 and has been found to be potently antifungal. This study characterized the activity of jarrah honey on fungal dermatophyte species. Jarrah honey inhibited dermatophytes with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.5–3.5% (w/v), which increased to ≥25% (w/v) when catalase was added. Microscopic analysis found jarrah honey inhibited the germination of Trichophyton rubrum conidia and scanning electron microscopy of mature T. rubrum hyphae after honey treatment revealed bulging and collapsed regions. When treated hyphae were stained using REDOX fluorophores these did not detect any internal oxidative stress, suggesting jarrah honey acts largely on the hyphal surface. Although H2O2 appears critical for the antifungal activity of jarrah honey and its action on fungal cells, these effects persisted when H2O2 was eliminated and could not be replicated using synthetic honey spiked with H2O2, indicating jarrah honey contains agents that augment antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Displays a Rugose Phenotype

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 4048-4056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuda A. Anriany ◽  
Ronald M. Weiner ◽  
Judith A. Johnson ◽  
Christian E. De Rezende ◽  
Sam W. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Extracellular Substances ◽  
Capsular Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Rugose phenotypes, such as those observed in Vibrio cholerae, have increased resistance to chlorine, oxidative stress, and complement-mediated killing. In this study we identified and defined a rugose phenotype in Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium DT104 and showed induction only on certain media at 25°C after 3 days of incubation. Incubation at 37°C resulted in the appearance of the smooth phenotype. Observation of the ultrastructure of the rugose form and a stable smooth variant (Stv), which was isolated following a series of passages of the rugose cells, revealed extracellular substances only in cells from the rugose colony. Observation of the extracellular substance by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was correlated with the appearance of corrugation during development of rugose colony morphology over a 4-day incubation period at 25°C. In addition, the cells also formed a pellicle in liquid broth, which was associated with the appearance of interlacing slime and fibrillar structures, as observed by SEM. The pellicle-forming cells were completely surrounded by capsular material, which bound cationic ferritin, thus indicating the presence of an extracellular anionic component. The rugose cells, in contrast to Stv, showed resistance to low pH and hydrogen peroxide and an ability to form biofilms. Based on these results and analogy to the rugose phenotype in V. cholerae, we propose a possible role for the rugose phenotype in the survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104.

Polymer Emulsion Modified Aramid Fibers Reinforced Cementitious Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1244-1247
Author(s):  
Ying Wu ◽  
Qian Yao Sun ◽  
He Fang ◽  
Lian Kong ◽  
Chun Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Polymer Emulsion ◽  
Aramid Fibers ◽  
Flexure Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites ◽  
Epoxy Emulsion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of two kinds of polymer emulsions on the flexure strength of armid fibers reinforced cementitious composites has been investigated. The morphology of fractural interface of modified composites is conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our experiment results indicated that the early flexural strengths of the epoxy emulsion and EVA emulsion modified aramid fiber reinforced cementitious composites have been improved significantly in comparison with that of unmodified composites, that is, an increase of 34.21%, 133% observed versus pristine samples curried for 28 d, respectively. The microscopic analysis on the interface between fibers, cement and aggregates revealed a novel rupturing and stripping mechanism. The efficacy of EVA emulsion modified samples is higher than that of epoxy modified ones.

scholarly journals When Did Agriculture Begin?

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human History ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has generally been considered that cereals (such as wheat, rice, and maize) were the first crops to be cultivated by human beings. But a new study that included scanning electron microscopy, by Mordechai Kislev, Anat Hartmann, and Ofer Bar-Yosef (micrographs by Yakov Langsam) provides strong evidence that figs were the first agricultural crop in human history.Kislev et al. recovered nine fig fruits (plus many nutlets called drupelets) from the ruins of a burned building near Jericho. The fire had carbonized the fruit which helped preserve the morphology of the specimens. The site was radiocarbon dated to 11,400 to 11,200 years ago. Microscopic analysis demonstrated that these specimens were of an edible fig that produces drupelets without embryos; that is, these fruits are sterile. Wild fertile figs have a symbiotic relationship with a wasp that plays an essential role in pollinating the fruit, but this fruit is inedible. In this study, no evidence of wasps or where a wasp could exit the fruit were found and these are features found in wild fruit. In other words, wild figs that can be pollinated and reproduce without human intervention are inedible, but edible figs require human intervention. The specimens examined in this study were of the latter variety.

Analysis of Surface Defects on Stainless Steel Cold Rolling Strip

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 684-687
Author(s):  
Feng Yan ◽  
Chun Li Liu ◽  
Ke Qiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Cold Rolling Strip ◽  
Rolling Strip ◽  
Pattern Shape ◽  
Scanning Electron

In producing stainless steel cold rolling strip, stripe and decorative pattern shape defects occur on the surface, and influence its quality. This paper uses the spot investigation, defects microscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy spectrometer methods in order to give a detailed analysis about surface defects, discusses the essence of defects, causes and effects process, puts forward valuable suggestions and provides reliable data for the actual production.

Novel pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives containing pharmacophores of both hydrazine and diphenyl ether as potential antifungal agents: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and 3D-QSAR study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (46) ◽  
pp. 20071-20082
Author(s):  
Hao-Ran Hu ◽  
An Wang ◽  
Ling-Ling Qiu ◽  
Xiao-Bin Wang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
3D Qsar ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Qsar Study ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Novel pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives were designed based on natural products. Some synthesized compounds showed excellent antifungal activity. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe mycelium morphology. 3D-QSAR was also studied.

scholarly journals Effects of Nanoparticles on the Antipullout Strength between the Reinforcement and Cement Mortar

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yupeng Shen ◽  
Peng Jing ◽  
Wensheng Yao ◽  
Tianxiao Tang ◽  
Dandan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Specimen Size ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently, the use of nanomaterials (i.e., Nano-Silica (NS) and Nano-SiC(NC)) to improve the mechanical properties and durability performances of cement-based materials has received considerable attention. This work presents the effects of nanoparticles (NS), the specimen size, and the water-reducing agent on the antipullout strength between the reinforcement and cement mortar on the basis of the laboratory antipullout tests. The mechanism is, then, validated by the microscopic analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results show that NS can accelerate the hydration reaction of cement, produce more Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) gel, and increase the density of the cement mortar, thereby improving the microstructure and antipullout strength. The moderate NS (1.0%) is recommended to improve antipullout between the reinforcement and cement mortar. Besides, the specimen size and water-reducing agent have an obvious influence on the antipullout strength. These results would provide guidance on the design or construction of the cement mortar with reinforcement.

Creation of electro-conductive paths and patterns by screen printing on textile bases

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Filipowska ◽  
Błażej Wiśniewski ◽  
Lucyna Zawadzka Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article presents a number of possible approaches to creating electro-conductive paths and patterns on flat textiles with various structures and raw material compositions. A modifier was selected and the process of creating the electro-conductive paths by screen printing was optimized. The result of this process was evaluated by the measurement of surface resistance and by microscopic analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The durability of the obtained effect was evaluated by analyzing electro-conductive paths after multiple washing cycles and after rubbing.

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