scholarly journals Sarcoptes Infestation. What Is Already Known, and What Is New about Scabies at the Beginning of the Third Decade of the 21st Century?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
New Treatments

Currently, there are three known subtypes of scabies: ordinary, crusted, and bullous. The worldwide prevalence of scabies remains high in the 21st century. To decrease the social, economic, and psychological impact on the enormous population infected, a lot of important work has been completed over the last 20 years concerning the management of scabies. For example, a standardization of guidelines for the treatment of scabies has been completed and programs have been designed for the prevention and treatment in endemic populations, called mass drug administrations. Unfortunately, these only apply to the ordinary form of scabies. Moreover, resistance to the drugs currently used in treatment is growing, which imposes the need to search for new treatments. For this purpose, new acaricides are being developed to enhance the therapeutic options for the patients’ benefit and effectively treat this disease. There is also the necessity for prevention before the development of scabies. An effective vaccine has the potential to protect people before this disease, especially in endemic areas. Unfortunately, there are no such vaccines against Sarcoptes yet.

scholarly journals Individuals, knowledge and governance in the 21st-century society

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. C04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cerroni
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
Knowledge Circulation ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

The knowledge society is a new social species that, despite many uncertainties and some (old and new) ambiguities, is emerging on the horizon of the 21st century. Placed at the convergence of two long-term processes (society of individuals and knowledge society), it is characterised by the social-economic process of knowledge circulation, which can be divided into four fundamental phases (generation, institutionalisation, spreading and socialisation). The current situation also sees the traditional (modern) structure of knowledge being outdated by the convergence of nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, information technologies and neuro-cognitive technologies (NBIC). In the background, the need arises to cross the cultural frontier of modernity.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Effects on Cultural Heritage: The Case of Villa Adriana and Villa D’Este

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1241-1252
Author(s):  
Andrea Jonathan Pagano ◽  
Francesco Romagnoli ◽  
Emanuele Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Insurance Risk ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The paper aims to provide a clarification of assessing insurance risk related to an asset owned by a subject under public law and, more specifically, to an economic cultural asset. This study is aligned with key aspects proposed by the EU for the protection of the cultural heritage from natural disasters. In the first place, given the peculiarity of the material inherent to cultural heritage, a motivation underlies the search for the correlation between the latter and the commonality. Secondly, it appeared necessary to verify the differences, similarities and importance of the economic management of cultural heritage in order to understand the social, economic, material and intangible importance of an asset managed in an economic way within a social axis (municipality). The third reason relates to the general severity and the risk and subsequent damage that a hazard, such as a pandemic outbreak (COVID-19), can cause on one or more cultural heritage. In the final analysis, perhaps the most meaningful aspect underlies the verification of the possible consequences in the analysis of summations of losses generated by a hazard in order to allow a prospect of what could be the consequences of such a catastrophic scenario.

scholarly journals Measles: An Overview of a Re-Emerging Disease in Children and Immunocompromised Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Misin ◽  
Roberta Maria Antonello ◽  
Stefano Di Bella ◽  
Giuseppina Campisciano ◽  
Nunzia Zanotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cells ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Measles Incidence

Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, in 2018, around 350,000 measles cases were reported worldwide, which resulted in an estimate of 142,300 deaths from measles. Additionally, in 2017, global measles cases spiked, causing the death of 110,000 people, mostly children under the age of 5 years and immunocompromised adults. The increase in measles incidence is caused by the ongoing reduction of vaccination coverage. This event has triggered public and scientific interest. For this reason, we reviewed the pathophysiology of measles infection, focusing on mechanisms by which the virus spreads systemically through the host organism. By reaching the lymphocytes from the airways through a “trojan horse” strategy, measles induces an immunosuppression status. H and F glycoproteins, both expressed in the envelope, ensure attachment of the virus to host cells and spreading from one cell to another by binding to several receptors, as described in detail. The severity of the disease depends both on the age and underlying conditions of patients as well as the social and health context in which epidemics spread, and is often burdened by sequelae and complications that may occur several years after infection. Particular attention was paid to special groups that are more susceptible to severe or atypical measles. An overview of microbiology, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment completes and enriches the review.

Mapping the State

Kropotkin ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kinna
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
International System ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
West European

This chapter outlines three parallel accounts of the state that Kropotkin developed in the 1870s and 1880s as an anarchist critic of Tsarism. The first was an explanatory account for West European audiences and it described the iniquities of the Tsarist regime, and the social, economic and political problems that Russian revolutionaries were attempting to address. The second was a general anarchist critique that probed ideas of class and slavery and set out the reasons why constitutional solutions being proposed by radicals in Russia and elsewhere would fail to bring about social transformation. The third was an examination of the dynamics of change that drew directly on Kropotkin's understanding of geography. Kropotkin applied this to distinguish between nations and states and to develop ideas of colonisation, monopoly and a politics of anti-statecraft. By looking at the dynamics of the state, Kropotkin also explored the relationship between the state and capitalism and the power relationships of the international system. This analysis led him to identify Germany as the central power in Europe.

The Role of Electronic Signature in the Third Millennium of the Development of International Trade Transactions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Amir Bagherian ◽  
Yosef Ebrahimi Nasaband ◽  
Hassan Heidari ◽  
Mahmoud Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Commerce Law ◽  
Data Explosion ◽  
Internet Revolution

Data explosion, in the present era, has created a lot of changes in the social, economic and cultural relationships of all developed societies. Modern areas usually do not have the required legitimacy; however it does not mean that the way for all kinds of violation is open. Social life requires that order and security also govern these areas and protect ethics and public interests. Electronic commerce law is one of these areas a debatable area filled with innovations and surprises. In this regard, waves of internet revolution and the explosion of e-commerce collide with the legal system and influence the concepts of traditional law. One of the key achievements of information technology is changes in traditional regime of evidence claim. In the system of evidence claim in the majority of countries, written reasons and documents are of undeniable importance, in a way that they are mostly used as citation or to defend the Lawsuit. In fact, a lawsuit and adducing the evidence in our legal life largely depend on delivering or issuance of a written paper such as ID cards, pay stubs, payment receipts, contracts, declarations, warnings, statements, and or commercial documents.

scholarly journals Piracy in Somalia: An Analysis of the Challenges Faced by the International Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Amali Kartika Karawita
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Community ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
International Level ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The Social

Piracy in Somalia is a phenomenon that has presented several challenges for the international community since the beginning of the 21st century. Effectively formulating a plan of action against piracy requires the willingness of the international community to work together by implementing strong multilateral operations between countries and understanding the social and economic difficulties faced by Somalia, which has given rise to the endemic and its expansion throughout the region. Eradicating piracy means tackling the issue on land by confronting Somalia’s extreme poverty and lack of economic opportunity as well as creating a comprehensive legal framework that will serve as a model to fight piracy. The objective of the present paper is to discuss the roots of piracy in Somalia and the cycle it created, as well as provide an analysis on the legal framework in place in order to judge its effectiveness on an international level. The method applied to lead this research is based on the analysis of reports from international bodies such as the UN and the ICC, as well as academic articles. The results have shown that piracy is the fruit of social, economic, and political issues that have enabled the phenomenon to spread and establish itself in the country.

scholarly journals Rozwój regulacji dotyczących ustroju i kompetencji inspekcji pracy w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Dariusz Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Global Character ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Local Range

DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SYSTEM AND DUTIES OF LABOUR INSPECTION IN POLANDIn 2019, one hundred years have passed since the birth of labour inspection in Poland. From a historical point of view it is also possible to distinguish three main periods of development of regulations regarding the system and duties of this inspection: the interwar period, the communist period and the period of the Third Polish Republic. Taking into account the range of the influence of the social, economic and political conditions on the Polish legislation concerning the labour inspection, they can be divided into two groups. The first includes the conditions of the universal global character that reflect some general trends and processes. The second group has a local range. Its determinants refer to the specific conditions which are, in principle, characteristic only of the labour inspection in our country.

scholarly journals The 21st Century Millennials: Urgency and Interest On Historical Science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Icha Rahayu ◽  
Moses Pandin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Learning History ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Era

History is part of the social sciences or humanities. In history, it studies events in the past which also determine what happens in the present and the future. With history, we can find out events and incidents in the past by reading books or by watching movies. Historical science provides many benefits for all circles. However, in this 21st century, which is a modern era, history is less desirable among millennials for various reasons. The purpose of writing this paper, the first is to find out what are the benefits of historical science in this millennial era, the second is to find out whether history is in demand or not among millennials, then what is the benefit of history in this millennial era. The third is to find a solution related to historical science learning so as not to be boring while maintaining its benefits. This research is to solve a common problem among millennials, namely whether millennials are interested in studying history and what can increase millennial interest in studying history. Researchers collect data to compile this paper with a qualitative method, which is to collect the latest journals for reference between 2019 and 2021 which are related to the urgency of 21st-century history for millennials. In addition, the researchers also looks for the latest data related to interest in studying historical science which is used to find out whether history is in demand or not among millennials. Thus, this research can find out what causes millennials to be less interested in history and find a solution, namely by using film media to increase millennial interest. This article is very useful in providing information about the urgency of learning history in the 21st century so that readers can use this article as material to conduct further research on this matter. As for this research, it has limitations, namely this research is only limited to millennials in relation to the urgency of historical science.

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