Association between Cognitive Function and Depression with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus 1 Seropositivity and Serointensity in UK Adults

Several viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases have been associated with cognitive function and neuropsychiatric outcomes in humans, including human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). In this study, we sought to further generalize previously reported associations of cognitive function and depression with HTLV-1 seropositivity and serointensity using a community-based sample of adults aged approximately 40 to 70 years (mean = 55.3 years) from the United Kingdom. In this sample, the results of adjusted linear regression models showed no associations of HTLV-1 seropositivity or serointensity with reasoning, pairs-matching, or reaction-time cognitive tasks or with depression. In addition, neither age, sex, educational attainment, nor income moderated associations of HTLV-1 seropositivity or serointensity with cognitive function or depression. In this middle-aged to older middle-aged adult community sample, HTLV-1 seropositivity and serointensity do not appear to be associated with reasoning, pairs-matching, and reaction-time tasks or with depression.

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Deep versus Periventricular White Matter Lesions and Cognitive Function in a Community Sample of Middle-Aged Participants

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617712000677 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 874-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Juan José Soriano-Raya ◽

Júlia Miralbell ◽

Elena López-Cancio ◽

Núria Bargalló ◽

Juan Francisco Arenillas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

White Matter ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Community Sample ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

High Grade ◽

Psychomotor Speed ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Visuospatial Skills

AbstractThe association of cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) with cognitive status is not well understood in middle-aged individuals. Our aim was to determine the specific contribution of periventricular hyperintensities (PVHs) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) to cognitive function in a community sample of asymptomatic participants aged 50 to 65 years. One hundred stroke- and dementia-free adults completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and brain MRI protocol. Participants were classified according to PVH and DWMH scores (Fazekas scale). We dichotomized our sample into low grade WMLs (participants without or with mild lesions) and high grade WMLs (participants with moderate or severe lesions). Analyses were performed separately in PVH and DWMH groups. High grade DWMHs were associated with significantly lower scores in executive functioning (−0.45 standard deviations [SD]), attention (−0.42 SD), verbal fluency (−0.68 SD), visual memory (−0.52 SD), visuospatial skills (−0.79 SD), and psychomotor speed (−0.46 SD). Further analyses revealed that high grade DWMHs were also associated with a three- to fourfold increased risk of impaired scores (i.e.,<1.5 SD) in executive functioning, verbal fluency, visuospatial skills, and psychomotor speed. Our findings suggest that only DWMHs, not PVHs, are related to diminished cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–12)

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TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS AND HUMAN T CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE 1 IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/112.4.1057 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 1057-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

J. K. CRUICKSHANK ◽

P. RUDGE ◽

A. G. DALGLEISH ◽

M. NEWTON ◽

B. N. MCLEAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

T Cell ◽

Virus Type ◽

Spastic Paraparesis ◽

Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Human T Cell

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Association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and serointensity and brain volume in adults: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245994 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0245994

Author(s):

Lance D. Erickson ◽

Bruce L. Brown ◽

Shawn D. Gale ◽

Dawson W. Hedges

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

White Matter ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Percent Confidence Interval ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Community Based ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Gray Matter Volumes

The intracellular protozoal parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been associated with worsened cognitive function in animal models and in humans. Despite these associations, the mechanisms by which Toxoplasma gondii might affect cognitive function remain unknown, although Toxoplasma gondii does produce physiologically active intraneuronal cysts and appears to affect dopamine synthesis. Using data from the UK Biobank, we sought to determine whether Toxoplasma gondii is associated with decreased prefrontal, hippocampal, and thalamic gray-matter volumes and with decreased total gray-matter and total white-matter volumes in an adult community-based sample. The results from adjusted multivariable regression modelling showed no associations between Toxoplasma gondii and prefrontal, hippocampal, and thalamic brain gray-matter volumes. In contrast, natural-log transformed antibody levels against the Toxoplasma gondii p22 (b = -3960, 95-percent confidence interval, -6536 to -1383, p < .01) and sag1 (b = -4863, 95-percent confidence interval, –8301 to -1425, p < .01) antigens were associated with smaller total gray-matter volume, as was the mean of natural-log transformed p22 and sag1 titers (b = -6141, 95-percent confidence interval, -9886 to -2397, p < .01). There were no associations between any of the measures of Toxoplasma gondii and total white-matter volume. These findings suggest that Toxoplasma gondii might be associated with decreased total gray-matter in middle-aged and older middle-aged adults in a community-based sample from the United Kingdom.

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158 The Association Between Sleep Spindles and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A64-A65

Author(s):

Jesse Parker ◽

Sarah Appleton ◽

Yohannes Melaku ◽

Angela D’Rozario ◽

Gary Wittert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Older Men ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Inspection Time ◽

Sleep Spindles ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction Sleep spindles are thought to play an important role in learning and memory. The association between sleep spindles and cognitive function and the potential confounding influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is uncertain. We examined the cross-sectional association between sleep spindles and cognitive function controlled for OSA in a sample of community dwelling middle-aged and older men. Methods Participants of the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography. These participants also completed the inspection time (IT) task, trail-making test part A (TMT-A) and part B (TMT-B), and Fuld object memory evaluation (FOME) test. Spindle metrics derived from sleep electroencephalography (n=356) included occurrence (total number) and fast (13-16 Hz) and slow (11-13 Hz) spindle density (number/minute) during N2 and N3 sleep. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, OSA, education, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol risk. Results In covariate unadjusted analyses, higher spindle occurrence during N2 sleep was associated with better IT, TMT-A, TMT-B, and FOME performance (all p<0.05). Spindle density (fast and slow) during N2 and N3 sleep (slow spindles only) was associated with better inspection time, TMT-A, and TMT-B performance (all p<0.05). Fast spindle density during N2 sleep was also associated with better FOME performance (B=1.03, 95% CI [0.47, 1.59], p<0.05). In covariate adjusted analyses, higher spindle occurrence during N2 sleep was independently associated with better IT (B=-0.002, 95% CI [-0.004, 0.000], p=0.046), while fast spindle density during N3 sleep was independently associated with worse TMT-B performance (B=0.12, 95% CI [0.03, 0.21], p=0.011). Conclusion Specific sleep spindle metrics during N2 and N3 sleep were independently associated with better visual processing speed and worse executive attention, suggesting a differential association between cognitive function and spindles during N2 and N3 sleep. The utility of sleep spindles for predicting cognitive impairment needs investigation in prospective studies. Support (if any) National Health and Medical Research Foundation, Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Hospital Research Foundation, and ResMed Foundation.

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Human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus infection in pregnant women in the United Kingdom: population study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.320.7248.1497 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 320 (7248) ◽

pp. 1497-1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

A E Ades

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

T Cell ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Population Study ◽

Cell Leukaemia ◽

United Kingdom Population ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Human T Cell

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Anxiety Sensitivity as a Moderator of the Association between Smoking Rate and Panic-Relevant Symptoms among a Community Sample of Middle-aged Adult Daily Smokers

American Journal on Addictions ◽

10.1080/10550490802408985 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alison C. McLeish ◽

Michael J. Zvolensky ◽

Kevin S. Del Ben ◽

Randy S. Burke

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Community Sample ◽

Smoking Rate ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Middle Aged Adult

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P109 The association between sleep microarchitecture and cognitive function in middle-aged and older men: A community-based study

SLEEP Advances ◽

10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A56-A56

Author(s):

J Parker ◽

Y Melaku ◽

A D’Rozario ◽

G Wittert ◽

S Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Inspection Time ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Power Spectral ◽

A Performance

Abstract Introduction Sleep microarchitecture metrics determined by quantitative power spectral analysis (PSA) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of cognitive function. However, there remain no data from community-based samples. This study examined cross-sectional associations between sleep microarchitecture metrics determined by PSA and cognitive function outcomes in community-dwelling men. Methods Men, Androgen, Inflammation, Lifestyle, Environment, and Stress (MAILES) study participants (n=477) underwent home-based polysomnography between 2010–2011. All-night EEG recordings were processed using PSA following exclusion of artefacts. MAILES participants also completed the inspection time task, Fuld object memory evaluation, and trail-making test A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B). Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine the associations of sleep microarchitecture (relative spectral power) with cognitive function in the complete and age-stratified samples. Results Power spectral densities in theta-alpha ranges during NREM and REM sleep were associated with worse TMT-A performance, whereas higher delta density was associated with better TMT-A performance in the complete sample and men ≥65 years (all p<0.05). Similar associations were observed with TMT-B performance in men ≥65 years. Furthermore, in men <65 years, higher sigma density during NREM sleep was associated with faster inspection time (B= -3.14, 95% CI [-6.00, -0.27], p=0.032), whereas in men ≥65 years, higher theta density during NREM sleep was associated with faster inspection time (B = -3.33, 95% CI [-6.65, -0.02], p=0.049). Discussion PSA markers of sleep microarchitecture are independently associated with cognitive function. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether sleep microarchitecture metrics predict future cognitive dysfunction and decline.

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Association between insomnia disorder and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsz114 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nathan E Cross ◽

Julie Carrier ◽

Ronald B Postuma ◽

Nadia Gosselin ◽

Lisa Kakinami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Sex Education ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Insomnia Disorder ◽

Insomnia Symptoms

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the differences in cognitive function between middle-aged and older adults with insomnia disorder, insomnia symptoms only (ISO) or no insomnia symptoms (NIS), in the context of other health and lifestyle factors.MethodsTwenty-eight thousand four hundred eighty-five participants >45 years completed questionnaires, physical examinations, and neuropsychological testing across domains of processing speed, memory, and executive functions. An eight-question instrument assessed participants’ sleep, defining subjects with insomnia symptoms, probable insomnia disorder (PID), or NIS. The associations between these three groups and cognitive performance were examined with linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle and clinical factors.ResultsPID was identified in 1,068 participants (3.7% of the sample) while 7,813 (27.5%) experienced ISO. Participants with PID exhibited greater proportions of adverse medical and lifestyle features such as anxiety, depression, and diabetes than both other groups. Analyses adjusting for age, sex, education, as well as medical and lifestyle factors demonstrated that adults with PID exhibited declarative memory deficits (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) compared with ISO or NIS. Adults with insomnia symptoms exhibited better performance on a task of mental flexibility than both other groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that insomnia disorder in middle-aged and older adults is associated with poorer health outcomes and worse memory performance than adults with insomnia symptoms alone or without any sleep complaints, even after adjustment for comorbidities. The assessment of longitudinal data within this cohort will be critical to understand if insomnia disorder may increase the risk of further cognitive decline.

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