scholarly journals Parasites, Bacteria, and Associated Pathological Changes in the Digestive System of Diurnal and Nocturnal Raptors in Central Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Giacomo Rossi ◽  
Giuliana Terracciano ◽  
Riccardo Gherardi ◽  
Livio Galosi ◽  
Stefania Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Raptor Conservation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

The knowledge of raptor pathogens and associated lesions may be extremely important to enhancing raptor conservation efforts and reducing pathogen spillover to humans and domesticated animals and vice versa. Parasite infections of the digestive system and associated bacteria and pathological changes were evaluated in deceased diurnal and nocturnal raptors in central Italy. Overall, the prevalence of parasites (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, acanthocephalans, and protozoa) identified in the examined birds was 72.41%, and most of the positive raptors (71.42%) showed multiple parasite infections. Among bacteria, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Pasteurella multocida were identified. The results obtained showed that both parasites and bacteria may cause severe lesions in the digestive system of diurnal and nocturnal raptors; parasites and bacteria may concur in causing these lesions; most severe lesions are caused by the interaction of multiple pathogens, both parasites and bacteria; and the same pathogen taxa are frequently associated with the same pathological changes. This study is the first report of S. typhimurium and S. enterica subspecies diarizonae in Buteo buteo, while Andracantha mergi, Spirocerca spp., Sarcocystis dispersa, Sarcocystis columbae, and Eumonospora spp. were recorded for the first time in Italy.

scholarly journals The pathological changes of the digestive system for Anas platyrhychos in Baghdad and Kut in Iraq which infectel with platyhelminthes and nematodes

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
First Time

A total of 247 Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos L.) from Baghdad and Kut were examined for the Cestodes Diorchis stefanskii Sobolevicanthes gracilis; Hymenolepis mastigopraditae and the Nematode Amidostomum acutum in the first time in Iraq . Among these , 151 birds were found infected by these helminthes It has been found small nodules on the external surface of the intestine , Ulceration of mucosa inflammatory infiltrate , Oedemats changes and hyperplasia in the section of infected intestine were noticed.

scholarly journals Biological responses in pesticide exposed lizards (Podarcis siculus)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Simbula ◽  
Ginevra Moltedo ◽  
Barbara Catalano ◽  
Giacomo Martuccio ◽  
Claudia Sebbio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Biotransformation Enzymes ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Podarcis Siculus ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Italian Wall Lizard ◽  
Detoxification Process ◽  
Accurate Quantification

AbstractThe release of contaminants as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides into the environment has been listed as one of the six major contributors to the global decline of reptiles. Although reptiles may face severe risk from contaminants due to their ecology and physiology, they are currently less studied than other vertebrate groups. In the present work, we investigated if and how different types of field treatment (conventional and organic) affected the health status of Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) individuals in central Italy. We chose a multi-biomarker approach that evaluated the biological responses of lizards to the treatment by means of AChE activity in the nervous system, biotransformation enzymes activities and oxidative stress in the liver, micronuclei frequency measured in the erythrocytes, and rate of intestinal parasitic infection. Our findings showed evidence of effects of treatment in conventional areas and between sexes with significant oxidative stress due to hydroxyl radicals, that caused DNA damage. No difference of intestinal parasite infections was found among treatments. Podarcis siculus seems to be a good bioindicator in ecotoxicological studies and potentially in risk assessment of pesticides, although further analyses in laboratory and in the field are needed to achieve more accurate quantification of specific pesticide effects in relation to known exposure history and to understand if other mechanisms were involved in the toxicity and detoxification process of pesticides for this species.

Clinico-Pathological Correlations of the Frontal Lobe Syndrome: Results of a Large Brain Bank Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
Welmoed A. Krudop ◽  
Sjanne Bosman ◽  
Jeroen J.G. Geurts ◽  
Sietske A.M. Sikkes ◽  
Nicolaas A. Verwey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Brain Bank ◽  
Large Brain ◽  
Cortical Pathology ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Frontal Lobe Syndrome ◽  
First Time

Aims: A clinical frontal lobe syndrome (FLS) is generally attributed to functional or structural disturbances within frontal-subcortical circuits. We studied the distribution of pathological brain changes in FLS. Additionally, the prevalence of FLS among various disorders was studied. Methods: We systematically screened clinical files of donors to the Netherlands Brain Bank (n = 2,814) for FLS. A total of 262 FLS cases were identified, and the distribution of postmortem pathological changes within the frontal-subcortical circuits was extracted from their neuropathological reports. Results: In 244 out of 262 patients (93%), pathological changes within the frontal-subcortical circuits were found: 90 subjects (34%) with frontal cortical pathology and 18 (7%) with pathology restricted to subcortical grey matter nuclei, whereas 136 subjects (52%) showed both cortical and subcortical pathology. In 18 subjects (7%), no pathology was found in the examined areas. The prevalence of FLS was highest in frontal-temporal lobar degeneration, followed by progressive supranuclear palsy and vascular dementia [χ2(6, n = 1,561) = 222.64, p < 0.01]. Conclusion: In this large brain bank study, the distribution of pathological changes in subjects with FLS was shown to be frontal-subcortical for the first time. A minority of FLS cases had pathology in the subcortical regions only or no frontal pathology at all.

scholarly journals Alyssum desertorum Stapf (Brassicaceae), new for the Italian flora

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bartolucci ◽  
Fabio Conti
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Italian Flora ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
First Time

Abstract The occurrence of Alyssum desertorum, a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum, is reported for the first time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefly discussed. Information about the typification of the name, habitat, phenology and distribution in Italy are also provided.

scholarly journals Investigation of Iron uptake and virulence gene factors (fur, tonB, exbD, exbB, hgbA, hgbB1, hgbB2 and tbpA) among isolates of Pasteurella multocida from Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motahare Feizabadi Farahani ◽  
Majid Esmaelizad ◽  
Ahmad Reza Jabbari
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
First Time

Background and Objectives: Iron is an essential compound in metabolic pathway of wide range of organisms. Because of limited free iron supply in mammalian and avian hosts, bacteria have applied various ways to acquire iron. Materials and Methods: In this study, the frequency of 8 iron acquisition factors was examined among 63 avian and ovine Pasteurella multocida field isolates and their vaccine strains using PCR method. Results: Five candidate genes (fur, tonB, exbD, exbB and hgbA) were identified among all isolates. For the first time, 2 loci (hgbB1 and hgbB2) of the hgbB gene were identified, which were previously reported as 1 gene. Also, it was found that 5 ovine and 1 avian isolates possessed all the virulence factors, which could also be considered for evaluating the frequency of other virulence factors. Conclusion: More studies need to be conducted on the frequency of all other virulence factors among these isolates, which can provide basic information for improvement or substitution of current vaccinal strains. Overall, as the new designed sets of primers showed more potential in detecting the corresponded genes, researchers can consider them in further studies.

Molecular Characterization of Some Equine Vector-Borne Pathogens and Identification of Their Vectors in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend H.A.M. Abdullah ◽  
Dina Aboelsoued ◽  
Tarek K Farag ◽  
Kadria N Abdel Megeed ◽  
Sobhy Abdel-Shafy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Background Equine vector borne diseases (EVBD) have been considered emerging and reemerging diseases transmitted by arthropods and most of these diseases have zoonotic concern. This study was designed to screen EVBD in equines and their vectors using molecular analyses and identify vectors by MALDI-TOF and molecular techniques.Methods A total of 335 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy equines (320 from horses and 15 from donkeys) from Cairo and Beni-Suef provinces in Egypt. A total of 166 arthropods (105 sucking flies and 61 ticks) were collected from the same animals. MALDI-TOF and molecular techniques were used to confirm the findings of morphological identification of vector. Quantitative PCR and Standard PCR coupled with sequencing were performed in equines and vectors DNA for screening multiple pathogens.Results MALDI-TOF and molecular techniques confirmed that Hippoposca equina (louse fly), Rhipicephalus annulatus (Rh. annulatus) and Rh. microplus ixodid ticks were found. In vectors, we identified Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale; 1.6%), A. platys-like (1.6%) and a new Ehrlichia sp. (4.9%) in Rh. microplus, while Ehrlichia rustica (E. rustica) was found in Rh. microplus and Rh. annulatus. Likewise, Borrelia theileri was identified in Rh. microplus (3.3%). For H. equina, Anaplasma and Borrelia sp. DNA were detected by qPCR only. In equines, A. marginale (0.6%), A. ovis (0.6%) and Theileria ovis (T. ovis; 0.6%) were found in donkeys. In horses, T. equi (1.2%) and a new Theileria sp. Africa (2.7%) were identified.Conclusions For the first time, we reported here the presence of Rh. microplus as a competent tick for Rh. annulatus in Egypt using MALDI-TOF and molecular identification. To the best of our knowledge, we provided the first detection of different pathogens as A. marginale, A. platys-like, E. rustica, new Ehrlichia sp., B. theileri in Rh. microplus, A. marginale, A. ovis and T. ovis in donkeys and a new Theileria sp. Africa in horses in Egypt.

Toward a history of the Trecento diptych: Format, materiality, and mobility in a corpus of diptychs from Angevin Naples

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

Abstract Laying the groundwork for a larger project, this essay brings together for the first time a working corpus of diptychs connected with the Angevin court in Naples in the later thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Comprising both surviving diptychs and diptychs now lost but recorded in inventories, this body of material reveals that objects of this type were commissioned and collected in significant numbers at the Neapolitan court, in a range of sizes, mediums, and subjects, and were produced by workshops linked not only to Naples but also to central Italy, Genoa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. In turn, diptychs in Naples raise larger questions about the histories, materialities, and meanings of the format in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in Europe and the Mediterranean. Above all, the objects brought together here press us to set diptychs in motion through networks of artworks, artists, and patrons on the move across the Mediterranean.

Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Concentration Procedures for Human Intestinal Parasite Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Leméteil ◽  
Gilles Gargala ◽  
Romy Razakandrainibe ◽  
Jean Jacques Ballet ◽  
Loic Favennec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
First Time

AbstractBackgroundEffective stool concentration is essential in microscopically based diagnosis of human intestinal parasite infections.ObjectiveTo compare the performances of 4 concentration commercial kits and 1 homemade procedure in 96 clinical stool specimens that tested positive for the detection of 9 helminth and 8 protozoa parasites.MethodsThe presence or absence of parasite forms was microscopically determined under conditions of standard practice. Also, we established the accuracies, concentration factors, and extraction yields.ResultsNo difference was observed between procedures for preconcentration specimens that tested positive. However, for preconcentration specimens that tested negative, we discovered that the homemade procedure was the most effective, and 2 of the 4 commercial kits were discovered to be satisfactory for routine applications.ConclusionsFor all parasites, procedures with biphasic solvents exhibited higher performances than organic solvent-free procedures. For the first time, the effectiveness of commercial concentration kits has been evaluated on several common stool parasites, and the results suggest that improvement of commercial procedures is possible.

scholarly journals The role of mucilage envelope in the endozoochory of selected plant taxa

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kreitschitz ◽  
E. Haase ◽  
S. N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
First Time

AbstractMyxodiaspory (formation of mucilage envelope around seeds and fruits) is a common adaptation to dry habitats known in many families of Angiosperms. The mucilage envelope of some seeds seems to be also a unique morphological adaptation which protects myxospermatic diaspores while passing through the bird’s digestive system. To evaluate the protective potential of mucilage, we fed the diaspores of seven plant species (representing three different mucilage types and three species of non-mucilaginous plants) to pigeons, Columba livia domestica. Twenty-four hours later, we collected the droppings of pigeons and examined a total of 18,900 non-destroyed diaspores to check for mucilage presence and germination ability. Out of all the examined diaspores, 4.5% were mucilaginous seeds. Among them, the highest number (12.2–13.5%) of viable diaspores belonged to the hemicellulosic type of mucilage (from Plantago species). Only 3.7% of germinating diaspores with pectic mucilage (Linum usitatissimum) were collected, and no seeds representing cellulosic mucilage (e.g., Ocimum basilicum). For non-mucilaginous plants, we collected only a few individual seeds (0.1% out of 8100 seeds used). We noted that the mucilaginous seeds found in the droppings were able to germinate; however, the germination ability was generally smaller in comparison to the control (i.e., not digested) seeds. Our results revealed that the presence of mucilage envelope has an impact on diaspore dispersal and survivability. With our experiments, we demonstrated for the first time that the mucilage envelope, especially of the non-cellulosic type, supports endozoochory. We also showed that non-mucilaginous seeds can be occasionally dispersed via endozoochory and are able to germinate. The results of our studies can explain the ways of plants distribution at a small, local scale as well as in long-distance dispersal, e.g., between islands or even continents.

scholarly journals Pasteurella multocida Expresses Two Lipopolysaccharide Glycoforms Simultaneously, but Only a Single Form Is Required for Virulence: Identification of Two Acceptor-Specific Heptosyl I Transferases

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 3885-3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Harper ◽  
John D. Boyce ◽  
Andrew D. Cox ◽  
Frank St. Michael ◽  
Ian W. Wilkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Core Oligosaccharide ◽  
Bacterial Mutants ◽  
Major Antigen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mucosal Pathogens

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical virulence determinant in Pasteurella multocida and a major antigen responsible for host protective immunity. In other mucosal pathogens, variation in LPS or lipooligosaccharide structure typically occurs in the outer core oligosaccharide regions due to phase variation. P. multocida elaborates a conserved oligosaccharide extension attached to two different, simultaneously expressed inner core structures, one containing a single phosphorylated 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue and the other containing two Kdo residues. We demonstrate that two heptosyltransferases, HptA and HptB, add the first heptose molecule to the Kdo1 residue and that each exclusively recognizes different acceptor molecules. HptA is specific for the glycoform containing a single, phosphorylated Kdo residue (glycoform A), while HptB is specific for the glycoform containing two Kdo residues (glycoform B). In addition, KdkA was identified as a Kdo kinase, required for phosphorylation of the first Kdo molecule. Importantly, virulence data obtained from infected chickens showed that while wild-type P. multocida expresses both LPS glycoforms in vivo, bacterial mutants that produced only glycoform B were fully virulent, demonstrating for the first time that expression of a single LPS form is sufficient for P. multocida survival in vivo. We conclude that the ability of P. multocida to elaborate alternative inner core LPS structures is due to the simultaneous expression of two different heptosyltransferases that add the first heptose residue to the nascent LPS molecule and to the expression of both a bifunctional Kdo transferase and a Kdo kinase, which results in the initial assembly of two inner core structures.

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