scholarly journals Genetic and Pathogenic Variability of Mycogone perniciosa Isolates Causing Wet Bubble Disease on Agaricus bisporus in China

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Frederick Leo Sossah ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhenghui Liu ◽  
Yueting Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Disease Management Strategy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
High Level

Wet bubble disease, caused by Mycogone perniciosa, is a major threat to Agaricus bisporus production in China. In order to understand the variability of in genetic, pathogenicity, morphology, and symptom production of the fungus, 18 isolates of the pathogen were collected from diseased A. bisporus in different provinces in China. The isolates were characterized by a combination of morphological, cultural, and molecular pathogenicity testing on different strains of A. bisporus and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The 18 isolates were identified by Koch’s postulate and confirmed different pathogenic variability among them. The yellow to brown isolates were more virulent than the white isolates. AFLP markers clustered the isolates into two distinct groups based on their colony color, with a high level of polymorphism of Jaccard similarities ranges from 0.39% to 0.64%. However, there was no evidence of an association between the genetic diversity and the geographical origin of the isolates. Through knowledge of the genetic diversity, phenotypic virulence of M. perniciosa is a key factor for successful breeding of resistant strains of A. bisporus and developing of an integrated disease management strategy to manage wet bubble disease of A. bisporus.

Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors and S-Amino Acids Level

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Ovesná ◽  
Ladislav Kučera ◽  
Jana Králová ◽  
Leona Leišová ◽  
Helena Stavělíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
High Level

Genetic Diversity Among Garlic Clones as Revealed by Aflp, Phenotypic Descriptors andS-Amino Acids LevelGarlic (Allium sativumL.) belongs to well known vegetables. Garlic is considered a valuable source of health benefit compounds.S-amino acids, namelyS-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides, are one of the major garlic constituents. We evaluated a set of garlic genetics resources representing namely valuable germplasm from Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and former Soviet Union. We showed that differences exist among analysed genotypes inS-amino acids (alliin/methiin) level and donors of high level of alliin/methiin can be identified. High alliin/methiin level was found within genetic resources and registered cultivars under the use. Level of alliin and isoalliin did not correlate with measured level of methiin. Donors of high methiin level were found within accessions marked as being "wild" in EVIGEZ database. Sufficient variability was found by AFLP analysis as well. Accessions were divided by PCA basically into two categories: hardnecks (Ophioscorodongroup,Longicuspisgroup) and softneck (sativum group). Presented work showes possibility to find suitable donors of biologically active compounds in garlic.

Evaluation of genetic diversity among some commercial cultivars and Iranian wild strains of Agaricus bisporus by microsatellite markers

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Rokni ◽  
Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh ◽  
Alireza Shafeinia ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
High Level ◽  
Promising Source

Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is the most widely cultivated mushroom in Iran. Lack of diversity in mushroom crops, especially where disease is concerned, creates a crucial risk for the currently grown cultivars. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among Iranian wild strains and some commercial cultivars by using microsatellite markers. Eighteen codominant microsatellite markers of A. bisporus (AbSSR) were used to distinguish 17 wild and commercial strains. All of the microsatellite markers used in this research gave clear banding patterns, and only one strain remained undistinguished. Among 106 generated alleles, the wild subgroup presented 53 alleles never found both in brown and white commercial cultivars, and 42 alleles never found in commercial brown strains. The dendrogram obtained by UPGMA clustering analysis separated A. bisporus strains into six groups. Based on our results, the high level of genetic diversity among Iranian wild strains, compared with the commercial strains, provides a new and promising source of diversity for A. bisporus breeding programs. To our knowledge this is the first relevant study of biodiversity in native Iranian populations of A. bisporus.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of enterococcal isolates from Southern region of Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Alves d'Azevedo ◽  
Cícero Armídio Gomes Dias ◽  
Lúcia Martins Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Clonal Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

In the present study, a total of 455 enterococcal isolates, recovered from patients living in the city of Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during the period from July 1996 to June 1997, were identified to the species level by conventional biochemical and microbiological tests, and assayed for their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. The genetic diversity of antimicrobial resistant strains was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of SmaI restricted chromosomal DNA. The most frequent species was Enterococcus faecalis (92.8%). Other species identified were: E. faecium (2.9%), E. gallinarum (1.5%), E. avium (1.1%), E. hirae (0.7%), E. casseliflavus (0.4%), E. durans (0.4%) and E. raffinosus (0.2%). The overall prevalence of isolates with high-level resistance (HLR) to aminoglycosides was 37.8%. HLR to gentamicin was found in 24.8%. No strains with acquired resistance to vancomycin were found. PFGE analysis showed the predominance of clonal group A, comprising strains isolated from different clinical specimens obtained from patients in three hospitals. These results suggest intra and inter-hospital dissemination of one predominant clonal group of E. faecalis isolates with HLR to gentamicin in the hospitals included in this study.

scholarly journals AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Citrus Cultivars and Wild Accessions from Oman Suggests the Presence of Six Distinct Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Hamed Al-Nadabi ◽  
Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Rashid Abdullah Al-Yahyai ◽  
Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Aflp Fingerprinting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
High Level

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate genetic relatedness of 27 citrus cultivars and 6 wild citrus accessions using AFLP fingerprinting. The 27 citrus cultivars belonged to Citrus sinensis, C. aurantifolia, C. aurantium, C. paradise, C. reticulata, C. limon, C. latifolia, C. maxima, C. limettoides, C. limetta, C. medica and C. Jambhiri. The wild cultivars were obtained from Oman while the other cultivars originated from Oman and other countries. AFLP analysis using 4 primer pair combinations resolved 910 polymorphic alleles. All citrus cultivars and accessions had low genetic diversity (H = 0.0281 to 0.1300), with the percent polymorphic loci ranging from 8 to 35%. Populations of the six wild citrus accessions showed a very low level of genetic diversity (< 0.0700). Cluster analysis of the 33 cultivars and accessions showed that they share a high level of genetic similarity (81‒99%; mean = 92%). The six wild accessions clustered into two main clusters, with the analysis indicating that the six wild accessions may make up six distinct cultivars. The study provides information on the phylogeny of citrus cultivars and citrus diversity in Oman, a country through which citrus moved in the past from Asia to different African and European countries. In addition, it shows that some distinct citrus cultivars are present in this part of the world.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Genetic Diversity in a Field Population of Phytophthora nicotianae with a Changing Race Structure

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sullivan ◽  
E. J. Parks ◽  
M. A. Cubeta ◽  
C. A. Gallup ◽  
T. A. Melton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
High Level

One hundred fifty-three isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae that were collected over a 4-year period from a single field were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to investigate the effect of different types of resistance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) on genetic diversity in the pathogen population. No race 1 isolates were detected in the field prior to initiating the study, but the race was present in multiple plots by the end of the 4-year period. There were 102 race 0 isolates and 51 race 1 isolates characterized. Seventy-six of the 153 isolates had a unique AFLP profile, whereas the remaining 77 isolates were represented by 27 AFLP profiles shared by at least two isolates. Isolates of both races were found in both the unique and shared AFLP profile groups. Twenty-three of the AFLP profiles were detected in multiple years, indicating a clonal component to the pathogen population. Race 1 isolates that were detected over multiple years were always obtained from the same plot. No race 1 profile was found in more than one plot, confirming the hypothesis that the multiple occurrences of the race throughout the field were the result of independent events and not pathogen spread. Three identical race 0 AFLP profiles occurred in noncontiguous plots, and in each case, the plots contained the same partially resistant variety. Cluster analysis provided a high level of bootstrap support for 41 isolates in 19 clusters that grouped primarily by race and rotation treatment. Estimates of genetic diversity ranged from 0.365 to 0.831 and varied depending on tobacco cultivar planted and race. When averaged over all treatments, diversity in race 1 isolates was lower than in race 0 isolates at the end of each season. Deployment of single-gene resistance initially decreased genetic diversity of the population, but the diversity increased each year, indicating the pathogen was adapting to the host genotypes deployed in the field.

scholarly journals Molecular caracterization of a corn core collection–landraces subgroup

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Rodrigues Coimbra ◽  
Glauco Vieira Miranda ◽  
Newton Portilho Carneiro ◽  
Cláudia Teixeira Guimarães ◽  
Derly José Henriques da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Landrace Accessions

The efficient use of genetic resources- stored in germplasm collections can be maximized if morphoagronomic and molecular information on the accessions is made available. To achieve this, a collection that is well-structured, well-curated and easily accessible (the core collection) is required. Consequently, the objective of the current study was to characterize 80 landrace accessions from the maize core collection of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), and assay thenngenetic diversity of the various landraces, considering grain type and ecogeographic origin. For this, AFLP analysis was performed using 12 primer combinations. Genetic diversity of the collection was quantified with the UPGMA method, using the Jaccard Index to quantify dissimilarity. The core collection was divided into four sub-populations by grain type, and into six sub-populations based on ecogeographic origin. Genetic diversity analysis was performed both within and between sub-populations. A high level of genetic variability was found among the landrace accessions of UFV Core Collection, principally among those accessions with dentate type grains.Classification by grain type and ecogeographic origin allowed genetically divergent groups to be distinguished.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Galium cracoviense Ehrend. (Rubiaceae)- the Polish endemic plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Cieślak ◽  
Zbigniew Szeląg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
High Level ◽  
Jurassic Limestone

Genetic diversity of <em>Galium cracoviense</em>, a narrow endemic species, limited to the small area in southern Poland and concentrated on Jurassic limestone outcrops near Częstochowa, was examined using the AFLP marker. Twenty nine individuals from three spatially isolated populations were used for the study. AFLP analysis yielded 157 bands, of which 110 (70%) were polymorphic. The AMOVA analysis revealed a substantially higher variation within populations (89.35%) than among them (10.65%). Values of parameters describing population genetic diversity, such as Shannon index and gene diversity index estimated for each population, were highly similar. The results indicate a high level of genetic polymorphism as well as a high genetic similarity of the isolated populations of <em>G. cracoviense</em> and thus an unconstrained gene flow between them. Based on the results we conclude that additional demographic and genetic studies, are necessary to monitor potential decrease of populations size resulting mainly from the mechanical destruction of plants and their habitats caused by intense tourism. Due to the small general range of occurrence, conservation should include the highest possible number of populations of <em>G. cracoviense</em>.

scholarly journals Coupled complementation of immune response genes controlling responsiveness to the H-2.2 alloantigen.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Dorf ◽  
J H Stimpfling
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Control ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level

The ability of various B10 congenic resistant strains to respond to the alloantigen H-2.2 was tested. High and low antibody-producing strains were distinguished by their anti-H-2.2 hemagglutinating respones. However, these strains do not differ in their ability to respond to these antigenic differences in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The humoral response to the H-2.2 alloantigen was shown to be controlled by two interacting genes localized within the H-2 complex. Thus, F1 hybrids prepared between parental low responder strains could yield high level immune responses. In addition, strains bearing recombinant H-2 haplotypes were used to map the two distinct genes controlling the immune response. The alleles at each locus were shown to be highly polymorphic as evidenced by the asymmetric complementation patterns observed. The restricted interactions of specific alleles was termed coupled complementation. The significance of the results in the terms of mechanisms of Ir gene control are discussed.

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