scholarly journals The Evaluation of Drug Delivery Nanocarrier Development and Pharmacological Briefing for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Reem Abou Assi ◽  
Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi ◽  
Chan Siok Yee
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Intrahepatic Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Drug Compound ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Current research indicates that the next silent epidemic will be linked to chronic liver diseases, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was renamed as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. Globally, MAFLD mortality is on the rise. The etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial and still incompletely understood, but includes the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, alterations in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes. The available MAFLD treatment, therefore, relies on improving the patient’s lifestyle and multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options, whereas the option of surgery is useless without managing the comorbidities of the MAFLD. Nanotechnology is an emerging approach addressing MAFLD, where nanoformulations are suggested to improve the safety and physicochemical properties of conventional drugs/herbal medicines, physical, chemical, and physiological stability, and liver-targeting properties. A wide variety of liver nanosystems were constructed and delivered to the liver, only those that addressed the MAFLD were discussed in this review in terms of the nanocarrier classes, particle size, shape, zeta potential and offered dissolution rate(s), the suitable preparation method(s), excipients (with synergistic effects), and the suitable drug/compound for loading. The advantages and challenges of each nanocarrier and the focus on potential promising perspectives in the production of MAFLD nanomedicine were also highlighted.

scholarly journals A look at new therapeutic opportunities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ekaterina E. Mishina ◽  
Alexander Y. Mayorov ◽  
Apollinariya V. Bogolyubova ◽  
Pavel O. Bogomolov ◽  
Maria V. Matsievich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is considered to be the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Currently, there is no etiotropic treatment of NAFLD, so an active research for new methods of treatment is underway. In the meantime, drugs are used to treat comorbid conditions, such as dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, which are present in varying degrees in patients. This review considers medications that are used in patients with NAFLD and related concomitant features, and also describes new strategies for regressing changes in liver tissue in NAFLD. In our opinion, one of the promising groups of drugs are agonists of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR belongs to the group of nuclear receptors, which are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the genes involved in metabolism. FXR agonists can claim to be a new promising drug for the treatment of NAFLD and related diseases influencing carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, bile acid metabolism, as well as inflammatory processes in the liver to ensure metabolic homeostasis.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids and sea cucumber saponin on orotic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 172182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Guo ◽  
Xiuqing Han ◽  
Hongxia Che ◽  
Zhaojie Li ◽  
Ping Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an increasingly prevalent chronic liver disease all over the world. The present study was undertaken to explore the synergistic effects of sea cucumber saponins (SCS) and eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids (EPA-PL) at ratios of 0.5 : 0.5 and 1 : 1 on NAFLD and demonstrate possible protective mechanisms. It was found that the combination of EPA-PL and SCS at half dose exhibited better effects than EPA-PL or SCS alone and the combination of EPA-PL and SCS at full dose in alleviating orotic acid (OA)-induced symptoms including growth parameters, serum parameters and liver function. Further evaluation of the mechanism illustrated that EPA-PL and SCS combination at the ratio of 0.5 : 0.5 could markedly reduce the mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme genes and significantly increase expression of genes relevant to fatty acid β-oxidation including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and its target genes (CPT1, CPT2 and ACOX1), suggesting that the protection of the EPA-PL and SCS combination at the ratio of 0.5 : 0.5 against OA-induced NAFLD might be mainly via lipogenesis inhibition and β-oxidation enhancement in the liver. The synergistic effects of EPA-PL and SCS make it possible to reduce the doses of EPA-PL or SCS to avoid side effects, which is of value for the development of dietary supplements or functional foods for preventing or treating NAFLD.

Hepatoprotective effects of herbal medicines against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; A systematic review of clinical and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Moayyedkazemi ◽  
Morteza Amraei ◽  
Efran Babaei Nejad ◽  
Ali Moghaddam ◽  
Kimia Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: In this systematic review, we mainly emphasis on the current advances on the hepatoprotective effects of medicinal herbs in the non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) treatment. Methods: This review was done based on the 06- PRISMA guideline (Moher, Liberati Tetzlaff, & Altman, 2009) and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. We did all the research in scientific databases in some English language databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and EMBASE, with no limitation in time to find the in vivo and clinical investigations on hepatoprotective effects of herbal medicines on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The selected words and terms for our search were: “fatty liver”, “extract”, “essential oil”, “clinical trial”, “herbal medicine”, “medicinal plants”, and “non-alcoholic fatty liver”. Results: Out of 21230 papers, 28 papers including 21 in vivo (75.0%), and 7 clinical trials (25.0%) up to 2020, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most part used of plants were leaves (14, 50.0%), rhizome (4, 14.3%), seeds (3, 10.3%), respectively. The most formulations of medicinal herbs were extracts essential oil (9, 35.7%) followed by ethanolic extract (5, 17.8%). The most animals used in vivo studies were rats (12, 42.8%) followed by mice (9, 32.1%). The obtained results also showed that the most period of administrated by these plants were 12 weeks (6, 21.4%), 2 months (6, 21.4%), and 30 days (3, 10.7%), respectively. Conclusion: The obtained findings of the present review demonstrated that medicinal plants due to high availability, high efficacy, and low or minimal toxicity are considered as a valuable and proper alternative to chemical synthetic drugs to treat and prevent of NAFLD. However, further studies especially on the toxicity of these agents are required to approve these recommendations.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants and their Anti-inflammatory effects in Hepatic disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jahangeer ◽  
Zahed Mahmood ◽  
Zainab Khursheed ◽  
Mehvish Ashiq ◽  
Usman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Herbal medicines are used as an alternative treatment to cure liver diseases and now a days become most commonly used therapy. Herbal medicines are derived from different parts of plants such as bark, roots, leaves, seeds and flowers. Silymarin, Glycyrrhizic acid, Camellia sinensis, Holy Basil and Long pepper are the medicinal plants that are effective and safe for the treatment of liver ailments. Almost 2 million deaths per year occur due to liver diseases while correct Statistics for liver diseases is not available but liver diseases are highly prevalent in Africa and Asia. By using medicinal plants, the prevalence of hepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma can be controlled. The increase in use of herbal medicines support the phenomenon of their effectiveness for the prevention of liver disorders. Scientists are now finding the benefits and evaluate the effect of different herbs on human health by using the scientific methods. Further research work should be done on herbal medicines to collect relevant data about effectiveness and safety of herbs that are used in pharmaceuticals as additional components now a days. This article discusses the common liver diseases, categories of herbs, WHO estimated prevalence of liver diseases worldwide and carcinogenic effects of herbal medicines associated with liver injury.

scholarly journals NONINVASIVE METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Igor G. Bakulin ◽  
M. P Abatsieva
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) being increasingly diagnosed worldwide is considered as the most common liver disease in Western countries. The incidence is growing rapidly due to the continuing epidemic of the obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. There is the extremely topical question of the affordable, effective and early diagnosis of NAFLD. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of its risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical course, methods of diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD. The article gives an overview of modern and promising methods for diagnosing NAFLD, useful for physicians of various specialties who have to deal with NAFLD patients. Key problems of diagnostics are formulated and directions for further research are determined. There is discussed the role of biomarkers as promising noninvasive diagnostic methods, that provides to assess the severity of necrotic inflammatory processes and liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients.

scholarly journals Oxidized Lipids: Common Immunogenic Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Hoebinger ◽  
Dragana Rajcic ◽  
Tim Hendrikx
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Oxidized Lipids ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to inflammatory steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, continues to rise, making it one of the major chronic liver diseases and indications for liver transplantation worldwide. The pathological processes underlying NAFLD not only affect the liver but are also likely to have systemic effects. In fact, growing evidence indicates that patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis. Indeed, cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Here, we aim to address common pathophysiological molecular pathways involved in chronic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In particular, we focus on the role of oxidized lipids and the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes, which are important targets of host immunity. Acting as metabolic danger signals, they drive pro-inflammatory processes and thus contribute to disease progression. Finally, we summarize encouraging studies indicating that oxidized lipids are promising immunological targets to improve intervention strategies for NAFLD and potentially limit the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Vitamin D levels are not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity in a Brazilian population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeniffer Danielle M. Dutra ◽  
Quelson Coelho Lisboa ◽  
Silvia Marinho Ferolla ◽  
Carolina Martinelli M. L. Carvalho ◽  
Camila Costa M. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract. Some epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequency and vitamin D levels. Likewise, a beneficial effect of vitamin D on diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance has been observed, but this is an unsolved issue. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a NAFLD Brazilian population and its association with disease severity and presence of comorbidities. In a cross-sectional study, the clinical, biochemical and histological parameters of 139 NAFLD patients were evaluated according to two different cut-off points of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL). The mean age of the population was 56 ± 16 years, most patients were female (83%), 72% had hypertension, 88% dyslipidemia, 46% DM, 98% central obesity, and 82% metabolic syndrome. Serum vitamin D levels were < 30 ng/mL in 78% of the patients, and < 20 ng/mL in 35%. The mean vitamin D level was 24.3 ± 6.8 ng/mL. The comparison between the clinical, biochemical and histological characteristics of the patients according to the levels of vitamin D showed no significant difference. Most patients with NAFLD had hypovitaminosis D, but low vitamin D levels were not related to disease severity and the presence of comorbidities.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children and its Relationship with Retinol Serum Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suano de Souza ◽  
Silverio Amancio ◽  
Saccardo Sarni ◽  
Sacchi Pitta ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the retinol serum levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children. To relate these biochemical variables with the risk of this disease in the population studied. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and prospective, with 46 overweight/obese school children (28 female, 18 male; mean age 8.6 years). The control group consisted of 45 children, paired by age and gender. Hepatic steatosis, evaluated by ultrasound, was classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. Also evaluated were serum retinol levels; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid profile; and fasting glucose and serum insulin levels, used for the calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Results: Hepatic ultrasound alterations were found in 56.5% and 48,9% of the overweight/obese and control group children, respectively. Presence of obesity was associated with high levels of triglycerides (OR = 4.6; P = 0.002). In the studied children, the risk of steatosis was related to a trend to a higher percentage of retinol inadequacy (OR = 2.8; p = 0.051); there was no association with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: The high frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups, evaluated by hepatic ultrasound, in low-socioeconomic level children, independent of nutritional condition and without significant association with insulin resistance, emphasizes that especially in developing countries, other risk factors such as micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A) are involved.

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