scholarly journals Advances in Cancer Therapeutics: Conventional Thermal Therapy to Nanotechnology-Based Photothermal Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Kumari ◽  
Nilesh Sharma ◽  
Shivendra V. Sahi
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Thermal Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Thermal Therapies ◽  
Promising Avenue

In this review, advancement in cancer therapy that shows a transition from conventional thermal therapies to laser-based photothermal therapies is discussed. Laser-based photothermal therapies are gaining popularity in cancer therapeutics due to their overall outcomes. In photothermal therapy, light is converted into heat to destruct the various types of cancerous growth. The role of nanoparticles as a photothermal agent is emphasized in this review article. Magnetic, as well as non-magnetic, nanoparticles have been effectively used in the photothermal-based cancer therapies. The discussion includes a critical appraisal of in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest clinical studies completed in this area. Plausible evidence suggests that photothermal therapy is a promising avenue in the treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of Herbal Bioactive Components in Mitochondria Function and Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Tao ◽  
Yanrong Zhang ◽  
Zhiqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Atp Production

Mitochondria are highly dynamic double-membrane organelles which play a well-recognized role in ATP production, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction (redox) status, apoptotic cell death, and inflammation. Dysfunction of mitochondria has long been observed in a number of human diseases, including cancer. Targeting mitochondria metabolism in tumors as a cancer therapeutic strategy has attracted much attention for researchers in recent years due to the essential role of mitochondria in cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and progression. On the other hand, a series of studies have indicated that traditional medicinal herbs, including traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), exert their potential anticancer effects as an effective adjunct treatment for alleviating the systemic side effects of conventional cancer therapies, for reducing the risk of recurrence and cancer mortality and for improving the quality of patients’ life. An amazing feature of these structurally diverse bioactive components is that majority of them target mitochondria to provoke cancer cell-specific death program. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies about the role of these herbs, especially their bioactive compounds in the modulation of the disturbed mitochondrial function for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Pillar[5]arene-Modified Gold Nanorods as Nanocarriers for Multi-Modal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Song ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Peiying Liu ◽  
Dihua Dai ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
New Strategy

Supramolecular approaches have opened up vast possibilities in the construction of versatile functional materials, especially those with stimuli-responsiveness and integrated functionalities of multi-modal diagnosis and synergistic therapeutics. In this study, a hybrid theranostic nanosystem named TTPY-PyÌCP5@AuNR is constructed via facile host-guest interactions, where TTPY-Py is a photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission and CP5@AuNR represents the carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5)-modified Au nanorods. TTPY-PyÌCP5@AuNR integrates the respective advantages of TTPY-Py and CP5@AuNR such as the high performance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and photothermal conversion, and meanwhile shows fluorescence responses to both temperature and pH stimuli due to the non-covalent interactions. The successful modification of CP5 macrocycles on AuNRs surfaces can eliminate the cytotoxicity of AuNRs and enable them to serve as the nanocarrier of TTPY-Py for further theranostic application. Significantly, both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that this supramolecular nanotheranostic system possesses multiple phototheranostic modalities including intensive fluorescence imaging (FLI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), indicating its great potentials for FLI-PAI imaging-guided synergistic PDT-PTT therapy. Besides, TTPY-Py can be released from the nanocarriers upon activating by the acidic environment of lysosomes and then specifically light up mitochondria. This study brings up a new strategy into the design of versatile nanotheranostics for accurate tumor imaging and cancer therapies.

scholarly journals SRSF1 inhibits autophagy through regulating Bcl-x splicing and interacting with PIK3C3 in lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuesheng Lv ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Jinyao Zhao ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Yangfan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Autophagosome Formation ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Critical Process ◽  
Potential Cancer

AbstractAlternative splicing is a critical process to generate protein diversity. However, whether and how alternative splicing regulates autophagy remains largely elusive. Here we systematically identify the splicing factor SRSF1 as an autophagy suppressor. Specifically, SRSF1 inhibits autophagosome formation by reducing the accumulation of LC3-II and numbers of autophagosomes in different cell lines. Mechanistically, SRSF1 promotes the splicing of the long isoform of Bcl-x that interacts with Beclin1, thereby dissociating the Beclin1-PIK3C3 complex. In addition, SRSF1 also directly interacts with PIK3C3 to disrupt the interaction between Beclin1 and PIK3C3. Consequently, the decrease of SRSF1 stabilizes the Beclin1 and PIK3C3 complex and activates autophagy. Interestingly, SRSF1 can be degraded by starvation- and oxidative stresses-induced autophagy through interacting with LC3-II, whereas reduced SRSF1 further promotes autophagy. This positive feedback is critical to inhibiting Gefitinib-resistant cancer cell progression both in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, the expression level of SRSF1 is inversely correlated to LC3 level in clinical cancer samples. Our study not only provides mechanistic insights of alternative splicing in autophagy regulation but also discovers a new regulatory role of SRSF1 in tumorigenesis, thereby offering a novel avenue for potential cancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF EUROPEAN MISTLETOE (Viscum album) EXTRACTS AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL IMPACT

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Ioana Vicaş ◽  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Mistletoe Extracts ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Extracts of Viscum album (mistletoe) are widely used as complementary cancer therapies in Europe. The mistletoe lectins and viscotoxins have been identified as the main principle of mistletoe extracts that participating in biological activity of V. album. These compounds were isolated and studied in vitro and in vivo for their biological activity and mechanism of action. A comparison of the results to those using whole extracts indicated that lectins and viscotoxins are not the only bioactive compounds present in the mistletoe. In this paper, we review the recent studies regarding with cytotoxic activity on tumor cells of mistletoe extracts, as well as, the role of this semiparasitic plant in diabetics and hypertension illness.

scholarly journals Pillar[5]arene-Modified Gold Nanorods as Nanocarriers for Multi-Modal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Song ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Peiying Liu ◽  
Dihua Dai ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
New Strategy

Supramolecular approaches have opened up vast possibilities in the construction of versatile functional materials, especially those with stimuli-responsiveness and integrated functionalities of multi-modal diagnosis and synergistic therapeutics. In this study, a hybrid theranostic nanosystem named TTPY-PyÌCP5@AuNR is constructed via facile host-guest interactions, where TTPY-Py is a photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission and CP5@AuNR represents the carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5)-modified Au nanorods. TTPY-PyÌCP5@AuNR integrates the respective advantages of TTPY-Py and CP5@AuNR such as the high performance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and photothermal conversion, and meanwhile shows fluorescence responses to both temperature and pH stimuli due to the non-covalent interactions. The successful modification of CP5 macrocycles on AuNRs surfaces can eliminate the cytotoxicity of AuNRs and enable them to serve as the nanocarrier of TTPY-Py for further theranostic application. Significantly, both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that this supramolecular nanotheranostic system possesses multiple phototheranostic modalities including intensive fluorescence imaging (FLI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), indicating its great potentials for FLI-PAI imaging-guided synergistic PDT-PTT therapy. Besides, TTPY-Py can be released from the nanocarriers upon activating by the acidic environment of lysosomes and then specifically light up mitochondria. This study brings up a new strategy into the design of versatile nanotheranostics for accurate tumor imaging and cancer therapies.

scholarly journals LncRNA AC245100.4 affects the tumorigenesis of prostate cancer via regulating the STAT3/NR4A3 axis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Liu ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Jiabin Zhao ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Tianhu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Rna Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
Promising Avenue

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among men globally. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the progression have not been fully elucidated. Methods The expression and location of AC245100.4 were examined by RT-qPCR and nuclear-cytoplasmic separation assay. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the downstream of AC245100.4. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to identify the proteins those bind to AC245100.4. Western blotting was performed to quantify the expression of proteins. Finally, a series of gain- or loss-functional assays were done to prove the precise role of AC245100.4 and NR4A3 in PCa. Results We identify a critical lncRNA AC245100.4, which is significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of AC21500.4 can significantly inhibit prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Further RNA-seq analysis shows that NR4A3 may be the potential target of AC245100.4. Mechanistically, AC245100.4 de-regulates NR4A3 transcriptionally via increasing p-STAT3, which is a transcriptional repressor of NR4A3. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that AC245100.4 was a critically oncogenic lncRNA in PCa via inhibiting NR4A3 and paved a promising avenue to combat PCa progression by targeting AC245100.4 or NR4A3.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity of Sulforaphane: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Sestili ◽  
Carmela Fimognari
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Formation ◽  
Species Formation

According to recent estimates, cancer continues to remain the second leading cause of death and is becoming the leading one in old age. Failure and high systemic toxicity of conventional cancer therapies have accelerated the identification and development of innovative preventive as well as therapeutic strategies to contrast cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. In recent years, increasing body ofin vitroandin vivostudies has underscored the cancer preventive and therapeutic efficacy of the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. In this review article, we highlight that sulforaphane cytotoxicity derives from complex, concurring, and multiple mechanisms, among which the generation of reactive oxygen species has been identified as playing a central role in promoting apoptosis and autophagy of target cells. We also discuss the site and the mechanism of reactive oxygen species’ formation by sulforaphane, the toxicological relevance of sulforaphane-formed reactive oxygen species, and the death pathways triggered by sulforaphane-derived reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals Functional properties of ion channels and transporters in tumour vascularization

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1638) ◽  
pp. 20130103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fiorio Pla ◽  
Luca Munaron
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Tumour Angiogenesis ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Solid Tumour Growth ◽  
Tumour Vascularization

Vascularization is crucial for solid tumour growth and invasion, providing metabolic support and sustaining metastatic dissemination. It is now accepted that ion channels and transporters play a significant role in driving the cancer growth at all stages. They may represent novel therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic targets for anti-cancer therapies. On the other hand, although the expression and role of ion channels and transporters in the vascular endothelium is well recognized and subject of recent reviews, only recently has their involvement in tumour vascularization been recognized. Here, we review the current literature on ion channels and transporters directly involved in the angiogenic process. Particular interest will be focused on tumour angiogenesis in vivo as well as in the different steps that drive this process in vitro , such as endothelial cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and tubulogenesis. Moreover, we compare the ‘transportome’ system of tumour vascular network with the physiological one.

scholarly journals Advancements in 3D Cell Culture Systems for Personalizing Anti-Cancer Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. K. Law ◽  
Laura Rodriguez de la Fuente ◽  
Thomas J. Grundy ◽  
Guocheng Fang ◽  
Fatima Valdes-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer

Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical models that are being currently used for drug development and in personalised therapies. To ensure that the assessment of drug efficacy and their mechanism of action have clinical translatability, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment needs to be properly modelled. 3D culture models are emerging as a powerful research tool that recapitulates in vivo characteristics. Technological advancements in this field show promising application in improving drug discovery, pre-clinical validation, and precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the significance of the tumor microenvironment and its impact on therapy success, the current developments of 3D culture, and the opportunities that advancements that in vitro technologies can provide to improve cancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals Vitamin C, From Supplement to Treatment: A Re-Emerging Adjunct for Cancer Immunotherapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léonce Kouakanou ◽  
Christian Peters ◽  
Christine E. Brown ◽  
Dieter Kabelitz ◽  
Leo D. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Delay Tumor Growth ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Direct Killing

Vitamin C (VitC), in addition to its role as a general antioxidant, has long been considered to possess direct anti-cancer activity at high doses. VitC acts through oxidant and epigenetic mechanisms, which at high doses can exert direct killing of tumor cells in vitro and delay tumor growth in vivo. Recently, it has also been shown that pharmacologic-dose VitC can contribute to control of tumors by modulating the immune system, and studies have been done interrogating the role of physiologic-dose VitC on novel adoptive cellular therapies (ACTs). In this review, we discuss the effects of VitC on anti-tumor immune cells, as well as the mechanisms underlying those effects. We address important unanswered questions concerning both VitC and ACTs, and outline challenges and opportunities facing the use of VitC in the clinical setting as an adjunct to immune-based anti-cancer therapies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document