scholarly journals Influence of Massage and Skin Hydration on Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Nile Red from Petroleum Jelly—An Unexpected Outcome

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2190
Author(s):  
Vasudha Kaushik ◽  
Yameera Ganashalingam ◽  
Robert Schesny ◽  
Christian Raab ◽  
Soma Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Red ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Solvent Drag ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Lipophilic Drug ◽  
Dermal Penetration ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Unexpected Outcome

The study aimed at comparing the influence of direct and indirect skin hydration as well as massage on the dermal penetration efficacy of active compounds. Nile red was used as a lipophilic drug surrogate and was incorporated into Vaseline (petroleum jelly). The formulation was applied with and without massage onto either dry skin or pre-hydrated, moist skin. It was expected that the occlusive properties of Vaseline in combination with massage and enhanced skin hydration would cause a superposition of penetration-enhancing effects, which should lead to a tremendous increase in the dermal penetration efficacy of the lipophilic drug surrogate. Results obtained were diametral to the expectations, and various reasons were identified for causing the effect observed. Firstly, it was found that Vaseline undergoes syneresis after topical application. The expulsed mineral oil forms a film on top of the skin, and parts of it penetrate into the skin. The lipophilic drug surrogate, which is dissolved in the mineral oil, enters the skin with the mineral oil, i.e., via a solvent drag mechanism. Secondly, it was found that massage squeezes the skin and causes the expulsion of water from deeper layers of the SC. The expulsed water can act as a water barrier that prevents the penetration of lipophilic compounds and promotes the penetration of hydrophilic compounds. Based on the data, it is concluded that dermal penetration is a complex process that cannot only be explained by Fick’s law. It is composed of at least three different mechanisms. The first mechanism is the penetration of active ingredients with their solvents into the skin (convection, solvent drag), the second mechanism is the penetration of the active ingredient via passive diffusion, and the third mechanism can involve local penetration phenomena, e.g., the formation of liquid menisci and particle-associated penetration enhancement, which occur upon the evaporation of water and/or other ingredients from the formulation on top of the skin.

scholarly journals Petroleum jelly-induced penile paraffinoma with inguinal

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Sejben ◽  
András Rácz ◽  
Mihály Svébis ◽  
Márta Patyi ◽  
Gábor Cserni
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Clinical Characteristic

Chronic granulomatous inflammation may develop after injectingforeign oily substances into the penis. The disorder affects mainlythe site of administration, but regional lymphadenopathy or evensystemic disease can occur. We present a 39-year-old man withpetroleum jelly-induced penile lesion and unilateral inguinal lymphadenitis mimicking incarcerated inguinal hernia. At hernioplasty no hernial sac was found, but enlarged lymph nodes suspicious for malignancy were identified. The histopathologic findings of these nodes were consistent with mineral oil granuloma. Paraffinoma of the male genitalia can cause various clinical features posing a differential diagnostic dilemma. Regional lymphadenitis may be the main clinical characteristic. Patient’s history, physical and histopathological examination are required to establish the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Review of Modern Techniques for the Assessment of Skin Hydration

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meha Qassem ◽  
Panayiotis Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Electrical Probe

Skin hydration is a complex process that influences the physical and mechanical properties of skin. Various technologies have emerged over the years to assess this parameter, with the current standard being electrical probe-based instruments. Nevertheless, their inability to provide detailed information has prompted the use of sophisticated spectroscopic and imaging methodologies, which are capable of in-depth skin analysis that includes structural and composition details. Modern imaging and spectroscopic techniques have transformed skin research in the dermatological and cosmetics disciplines, and are now commonly employed in conjunction with traditional methods for comprehensive assessment of both healthy and pathological skin. This article reviews current techniques employed in measuring skin hydration, and gives an account on their principle of operation and applications in skin-related research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetics and cosmetic raw materials using 1H NMR spectroscopy

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier ◽  
Gerd Mildau ◽  
Anke Rullmann ◽  
Gerhard Marx ◽  
Stephan G. Walch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds

Mineral hydrocarbons consist of two fractions, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). MOAH is a potential public health hazard because it may include carcinogenic polycyclic compounds. In the present study, 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was introduced, in the context of official controls, to measure MOSH and MOAH in raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon final products (cosmetics and medicinal products). Quantitative determination (qNMR) has been established using the ERETIC methodology (electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations) based on the PULCON principle (pulse length based concentration determination). Various mineral hydrocarbons (e.g., white oils, paraffins or petroleum jelly) were dissolved in deuterated chloroform. The ERETIC factor was established using a quantification reference sample containing ethylbenzene and tetrachloronitrobenzene. The following spectral regions were integrated: MOSH δ 3.0 – 0.2 ppm and MOAH δ 9.2 - 6.5, excluding solvent signals. Validation showed a sufficient precision of the method with a coefficient of variation <6% and a limit of detection <0.1 g/100 g. The applicability of the method was proven by analysing 27 authentic samples with MOSH and MOAH contents in the range of 90-109 g/100 g and 0.02-1.10 g/100 g, respectively. It is important to distinguish this new NMR-approach from the hyphenated liquid chromatography-gas chromatography methodology previously used to characterize MOSH/MOAH amounts in cosmetic products. For mineral hydrocarbon raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetic products, NMR delivers higher specificity without any sample preparation besides dilution. Our sample survey shows that previous methods may have overestimated the MOAH amount in mineral oil products and opens new paths to characterize this fraction. Therefore, the developed method can be applied for routine monitoring of consumer products aiming to minimize public health risks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetics and cosmetic raw materials using 1H NMR spectroscopy

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk W. Lachenmeier ◽  
Gerd Mildau ◽  
Anke Rullmann ◽  
Gerhard Marx ◽  
Stephan G. Walch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Petroleum Jelly ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds

Mineral hydrocarbons consist of two fractions, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). MOAH is a potential public health hazard because it may include carcinogenic polycyclic compounds. In the present study, 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was introduced, in the context of official controls, to measure MOSH and MOAH in raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon final products (cosmetics and medicinal products). Quantitative determination (qNMR) has been established using the ERETIC methodology (electronic reference to access in vivo concentrations) based on the PULCON principle (pulse length based concentration determination). Various mineral hydrocarbons (e.g., white oils, paraffins or petroleum jelly) were dissolved in deuterated chloroform. The ERETIC factor was established using a quantification reference sample containing ethylbenzene and tetrachloronitrobenzene. The following spectral regions were integrated: MOSH δ 3.0 – 0.2 ppm and MOAH δ 9.2 - 6.5, excluding solvent signals. Validation showed a sufficient precision of the method with a coefficient of variation <6% and a limit of detection <0.1 g/100 g. The applicability of the method was proven by analysing 27 authentic samples with MOSH and MOAH contents in the range of 90-109 g/100 g and 0.02-1.10 g/100 g, respectively. It is important to distinguish this new NMR-approach from the hyphenated liquid chromatography-gas chromatography methodology previously used to characterize MOSH/MOAH amounts in cosmetic products. For mineral hydrocarbon raw materials or pure mineral hydrocarbon-based cosmetic products, NMR delivers higher specificity without any sample preparation besides dilution. Our sample survey shows that previous methods may have overestimated the MOAH amount in mineral oil products and opens new paths to characterize this fraction. Therefore, the developed method can be applied for routine monitoring of consumer products aiming to minimize public health risks.

En face dual fluorescence staining of fatty streaks allows observation of initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 864-865
Author(s):  
Anne M. Klinkner ◽  
Crystal R. Waites ◽  
Peter J. Bugelski ◽  
William D. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
En Face ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Stock Solutions ◽  
Dual Staining

A primary effort in the understanding of the progression of atherosclerotic disease has been methods development for visualization of the atherosclerotic plaque. We introduce a new method for the qualitative analysis of lipids in atherosclerotic fatty streaks which also retains those lipids for biochemical evaluation. An original aspect of the process is the ability to view an entire fatty streak en face, selectively stained for specific lipid classes within the lesion.New Zealand white rabbits were fed a high cholesterol diet(0.15%-0.3% for 14 wks). The aorta was removed and fixed in Carson's phosphate buffered formaldehyde followed by dual staining in the fluorescent dyes Nile red and filipin. Stock solutions of nile red(0.5mg/ml acetone) and filipin(2.5mg/ml dimethyl formamide) were prepared and kept at -20°C; all subsequent steps were at RT. 0.5cm × 1.0cm pieces of aorta were trimmed and adventitia removed. The pieces were then washed 3×15 min in PBS w/o CaMg, soaked in Nile red(NR)/filipin(Fl) stain(100(il NR stock + 200μl Fl stock in 10 ml PBS for 30 min, washed in PBS 3×30 min, rinsed with distilled water, mounted(Crystal Mount, Biomedia) and coverslipped and viewed by fluorescence microscopy.

ultrastructural process of intestinal wound healing

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1024-1025
Author(s):  
Rick L. Vaughn ◽  
Shailendra K. Saxena ◽  
John G. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Serosal Surface ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Orderly Fashion

We have developed an intestinal wound model that includes surgical construction of an ileo-cecal patch to study the complex process of intestinal wound healing. This allows approximation of ileal mucosa to the cecal serosa and facilitates regeneration of ileal mucosa onto the serosal surface of the cecum. The regeneration of ileal mucosa can then be evaluated at different times. The wound model also allows us to determine the rate of intestinal regeneration for a known size of intestinal wound and can be compared in different situations (e.g. with and without EGF and Peyer’s patches).At the light microscopic level it appeared that epithelial cells involved in regeneration of ileal mucosa originated from the enlarged crypts adjacent to the intestinal wound and migrated in an orderly fashion onto the serosal surface of the cecum. The migrating epithelial cells later formed crypts and villi by the process of invagination and evagination respectively. There were also signs of proliferation of smooth muscles underneath the migratory epithelial cells.

Critical Levels of Mineral Oil Affecting the Absorption of Vitamin A

1952 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Steigmann ◽  
Hans Popper ◽  
Hattie Dyniewicz ◽  
Irene Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Critical Levels

Mineral Oil Drenching Treats Penis-in-Zipper

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil
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