scholarly journals Liposomal Artificial Red Blood Cell-Based Carbon Monoxide Donor Is a Potent Renoprotectant against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Taguchi ◽  
Yuto Suzuki ◽  
Moeko Tsutsuura ◽  
Kana Hiraoka ◽  
Yuki Watabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Cell Experiment ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Agent

Cisplatin (CDDP) is an essential anti-tumor agent for chemotherapeutic regimens against various types of cancer. However, the progression of nephrotoxicity, which is the main adverse effect of CDDP, leads to discontinuation of CDDP chemotherapy. Therefore, development of a renoprotectant against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity is crucial. Here, the potential of a carbon monoxide (CO)-loaded hemoglobin-vesicle (CO-HbV) as a renoprotectant for CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated for its renoprotective effects against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, inhibitory effects on the anti-tumor activity of CDDP, and anti-tumor activity. In healthy mice, after pretreatment with either saline, HbV, or CO-HbV prior to CDDP administration, only the CO-HbV pretreatment group ameliorated the progression of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing apoptosis via caspase-3. In experiments using B16-F10 melanoma cells, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of CDDP decreased with co-incubation with CO-HbV, owing to the anti-tumor activity of CO. CO-HbV pretreatment had no impact on the anti-tumor activity of CDDP in B16-F10 melanoma cell-bearing mice, which was consistent with the results of the cell experiment. Furthermore, CO-HbV pretreatment improved body growth and survival rates. In conclusion, CO-HbV pretreatment is a potent renoprotectant for CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, allowing treatment with CDDP to be conducted without failure of cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and prognosis of postpartum acute kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 030006052098838
Author(s):  
Hong Shu ◽  
Fang Nie
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Recovery ◽  
Replacement Treatment ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognoses of patients with postpartum acute kidney injury (PPAKI). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentations, laboratory examinations, treatments, and outcomes of patients with PPAKI admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017. We then analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognoses of the mothers and their infants. Results Of 37 patients diagnosed with PPAKI, 26 (70.3%) received treatment in the intensive care unit, mainly for hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (28/37, 75.7%), pre-eclampsia (26/37, 70.3%), and postpartum hemorrhage (22/37, 59.5%). Twenty patients required renal replacement treatment (RRT), but renal recovery times were similar in the RRT and non-RRT groups. Renal function recovered completely in 30 patients (81.1%) and partially in one patient (2.7%), and was not re-examined in two patients (5.4%). Three patients (8.1%) were lost to follow-up. Only one patient (2.7%) remained dialysis-dependent, and no maternal deaths occurred. The preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant survival rates were 70.7% (29/41), 68.3% (28/41), and 78.0% (32/41), respectively. Conclusion RRT does not reduce renal recovery time compared with non-RRT. Overall, the prognoses of both mothers and their fetuses are good following treatment for PPAKI.

scholarly journals In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Free and Bound Phenolic Extracts from the Bran and Kernel Fractions of Five Sorghum Grain Genotypes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301
Author(s):  
Yun Xiong ◽  
Ken Ng ◽  
Pangzhen Zhang ◽  
Robyn Dorothy Warner ◽  
Shuibao Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Global Health Challenge ◽  
Phenolic Extracts

Diabetes is a global health challenge. Currently, an effective treatment for diabetes is to reduce the postprandial hyperglycaemia by inhibiting the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes in the digestive system. In this study, we investigated the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects of free and bound phenolic extracts, from the bran and kernel fractions of five sorghum grain genotypes. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of sorghum phenolic extracts depended on the phenolic concentration and composition. Sorghum with higher phenolic contents generally had higher inhibitory activity. Among the tested extracts, the brown sorghum (IS131C)-bran-free extract (BR-bran-free, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 18 ± 11 mg sorghum/mL) showed the strongest inhibition against α-glucosidase which was comparable to that of acarbose (IC50 = 1.39 ± 0.23 mg acarbose/mL). The red sorghum (Mr-Buster)-kernel-bound extract (RM-kernel-bound, IC50 = 160 ± 12 mg sorghum/mL) was the most potent in inhibiting α-amylase but was much weaker compared to acarbose (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.03 mg acarbose/mL).

scholarly journals The Role of Host-Generated H2S in Microbial Pathogenesis: New Perspectives on Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Aejazur Rahman ◽  
Joel N. Glasgow ◽  
Sajid Nadeem ◽  
Vineel P. Reddy ◽  
Ritesh R. Sevalkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Pathogenesis ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Wide Range

For centuries, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered primarily as a poisonous gas and environmental hazard. However, with the discovery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes for H2S production, breakdown, and utilization, H2S has emerged as an important signaling molecule in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Hence, H2S is considered a gasotransmitter along with nitric oxide (•NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Surprisingly, despite having overlapping functions with •NO and CO, the role of host H2S in microbial pathogenesis is understudied and represents a gap in our knowledge. Given the numerous reports that followed the discovery of •NO and CO and their respective roles in microbial pathogenesis, we anticipate a rapid increase in studies that further define the importance of H2S in microbial pathogenesis, which may lead to new virulence paradigms. Therefore, this review provides an overview of sulfide chemistry, enzymatic production of H2S, and the importance of H2S in metabolism and immunity in response to microbial pathogens. We then describe our current understanding of the role of host-derived H2S in tuberculosis (TB) disease, including its influences on host immunity and bioenergetics, and on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth and survival. Finally, this review discusses the utility of H2S-donor compounds, inhibitors of H2S-producing enzymes, and their potential clinical significance.

scholarly journals Two Novel Quassinoid Glycosides with Antiviral Activity from the Samara of Ailanthus altissima

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5679
Author(s):  
Qing-Wei Tan ◽  
Jian-Cheng Ni ◽  
Jian-Ting Shi ◽  
Jian-Xuan Zhu ◽  
Qi-Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Ic50 Values

Phytochemistry investigations on Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, a Simaroubaceae plant that is recognized as a traditional herbal medicine, have afforded various natural products, among which C20 quassinoid is the most attractive for their significant and diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Our continuous study has led to the isolation of two novel quassinoid glycosides, named chuglycosides J and K, together with fourteen known lignans from the samara of A. altissima. The new structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectra data analysis. All of the compounds were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity, among which chuglycosides J and K exhibited inhibitory effects against the virus multiplication with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 56.21 ± 1.86 and 137.74 ± 3.57 μM, respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Heppi Iromo ◽  
Dori Rachmawani ◽  
Abdul Jabarsyah ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
In The Wild

The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata), (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopium). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and  the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05)  than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab (Scylla serrata).

scholarly journals A Case of Rhabdomyolysis Presenting with Acute Kidney Injury Complicating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
Sin Young Nho ◽  
In Hee Lee ◽  
Ki Sung Ahn ◽  
Dae Seong Hyeon ◽  
Gun Woo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Kidney Injury

scholarly journals NURSERY TECHNIQUES WITH JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Alit ◽  
Ketut Maha Setiawati ◽  
Tony Setia Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coral Trout ◽  
Juvenile Coral ◽  
Trash Fish

ABSTRACT Feed management is a critical factor in the nursery activities because food serves as an energy for growth and survival rates. The study aimed to determine the best feeding to improve growth and survival rates. Cultured of coral trout grouper seeds were used for this research in 9 fiber tubs each of  0.8 tonnes of sea water volume with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The feeding treatments were (a) commercial feeding pelle; (b) trash fish; and (c) feeding combinations (50% pellets and 50% trash fish). The initial length of coral trout grouper seeds were 3 cm long. The pellet used was a commercial pellet with dose of 5-10% biomass, while the trash fish was clupeid fish. Feeding times were twice a daya at 08:00 and 16:00 local time. A complete random design was used as an experiment design. Data was analysed using ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Water qualities during larva rearing included water temperature, pH, salinity, DO, ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate. The results showed that growth dan survical rates was significantly affected by combination feeding method (50% pellet and 50% trash fish) with growth rate of 0.08% cm/day and survival rate of 60.20±2.34%. Keywords: Feed, trash fish, juvenile coral trout grouper, growth, and survival.

Growth and Survival of Hormone-Sterilized Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Kokanee Salmon (O. nerka) in a Lacustrine Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Parkinson ◽  
Kanji Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Normal Life Span ◽  
And Control

Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) were sterilized using 17α-methyltestosterone treatments and released into a lacustrine environment. The treatment appeared to be successful and sizes at capture were similar for treated and control fish. Return rates of hormone-treated groups of fish were much lower than those of the control groups. Differences in return rates were assumed to be due to differences in survival rates but the possibility of differential vulnerability to the capture gear could not be ruled out. The proportion of treated kokanee in the catch increased with age, indicating that treated kokanee survived beyond the normal life span of the species.

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