scholarly journals Integration of a Virtual Dispensing Simulator “MyDispense” in an Experiential Education Program to Prepare Students for Community Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Johnson ◽  
Jillian Barrack ◽  
Jill M. Fitzgerald ◽  
Diana M. Sobieraj ◽  
Lisa M. Holle
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Experiential Education ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Pharmacy Education ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Technology is increasingly used to enhance pharmacy education. We sought to evaluate student learning and preparedness for community introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) after implementation of “MyDispense” into experiential education. Methods: Both first-year pharmacy students and assigned community IPPE preceptors were eligible. Students were stratified based on previous community pharmacy experience (< or ≥ 50 h), then randomized to complete MyDispense exercises before IPPE (group A) or after 24–32 h of IPPE (group B). We evaluated preceptors’ assessment of student readiness using a 6-item Likert scale survey and students’ readiness and opinion of MyDispense using an anonymous 9-item survey. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize data. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare groups and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of 177 eligible students, 155 were randomized and 56 completed study. Group A included 32 students; 56.3% had prior community practice experience. Group B included 24 students; 50% had prior community practice experience. Forty-eight preceptors were enrolled. Students who completed exercises before rotation received higher preceptor scores for patient counseling of self-care and of medications (p < 0.05 for both). Students self-assessed their counseling skills lower than all other skills; 30.4% and 42.9% of students felt mostly or always prepared to counsel for self-care and medications, respectively. Students found MyDispense straightforward, realistic, and appreciated the ability to practice in a safe, electronic, community pharmacy, patient-care environment. Conclusion: Simulation-based software, such as MyDispense, can enhance learner understanding of the prescription fill and counseling process in a community pharmacy practice setting.

Demographic differences of colorectal cancer in the community and academic setting in patients over the age of 75 compared to those aged 50 to 75.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15594-e15594
Author(s):  
Kafayat Adebukola Busari ◽  
Renee Williams ◽  
Jamie Huston ◽  
Oliver Stewart ◽  
Darrel Gachette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Academic Practice ◽  
Practice Group ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

e15594 Background: The age of life expectancy in the United States is 78.9 years of age and continues to increase with the help of public health initiatives along with scientific and technological breakthroughs in medicine. However, colorectal cancer screening guidelines for those over age 75 are individualized and not recommended in those over 85. We aimed to investigate the demographic differences of colorectal cancer by sex and race in patients aged 75 vs those aged 50-75, in the community and academic practice. Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Cancer Database between 2010-2014. Results were divided into two categories (50-75 year old, >75 year old) and included number of patients, sex and race. Patient characteristics were compared with Mann-Whitney U, Pearson’s Chi-square, and the Kaplan-Meier method. Data was further analyzed comparing sex and race using chi-square analysis. Results: 167, 059 patients were included in the analysis. 49,551 cases identified in the academic practice and 117, 508 in the community practice. In the academic practice, group A (age 50-75), 57.3% (20,810) were male vs. 42.7% (15,488) female. In community practice, group A, 56.5% (43, 915) were male vs 43.5% (33, 742) female (p-value <0.05). Conversely, in the academic practice-group B (age >75), 46.2% (6127) were male vs 53.8% (7126) female. In the community practice-group B, 55.3% (22,027) were female vs 44.7% (17,824) male; (p-value <0.05).For Black patients, decline in cases is seen by age. In academic practice, 16.5% of cases were aged 50-75 vs. 11.9% over age 75. In community practice; 11.5% were aged 50-75 vs. 6.5%, p<0.05). Comparatively there was an increase in cases in White patients by age diagnosed in academic and community practice; 77.5% vs 84.2 in 50-75 and 84.8 vs. 90.9% in >75, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: Women age >75 comprised a statistically significant greater proportion of colorectal cancer cases compared to men age >75 in both the community and academic setting. Contrary to established reports detailing higher incidence rates in males aged 50-75. Furthermore, there is an increase in cases with age in White patients in comparison with a decrease in cases in Black patients. These findings may suggest the need for a more universal and less individualized approach for individuals over age 75.

COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILIZATION AND SELF-EXERCISES IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OF SHOULDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
Ghazala Noor Nizami ◽  
Ali Farhad
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of mobilization and self-exercises in the management of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder STUDY DESIGN Randomized Control Trial SAMPLE SELECTION 30 patients of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder from physiotherapy department of tertiary care hospitals of Karachi were selected through simple random sampling technique. PROCEDURE Treatment was continued for 5 days per week for the period of 3 weeks followed by assessment. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A was treated with midrange mobilization while group B performed self-exercises. Both groups received TENS and hot pack prior to the exercises. Mean ± SD, frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive analysis. ROM via goniometry and pain intensity through VAS was analyzed by paired t-test within the groups and by independent t-test between the groups, using SPSS. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS 60% were females (n=18) and 40% were males (n=12) with mean age of 50.17±6.37 years. Significant improvement (p-value <0.05) in pain and shoulder ROM was observed among patients of Group A as compared to Group B. Pain intensity was decreased to 1.67 ± 0.62 in group A, whereas ROMs in these patients were also better than other group.

CONVENTIONAL VERSUS THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY IN CANCER CERVIX: A COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR COMPLIANCE, RESPONSE AND TOXICITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
D. P. Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Kamal Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Conventional Radiotherapy ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer among Indian women. Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment in all its stages. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combines multiple radiation fields to deliver precise dose of radiation to the affected area. Tailoring each of the radiation fields to focus on the tumor delivers a high dose of radiation to the tumor and avoids nearby healthy tissue. The present study is done to compare conventional radiotherapy versus 3DCRT in cancer cervix for compliance, clinical response and toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients were enrolled and randomised into two radiotherapy plans with radical intent - Group A treated by conventional radiotherapy and group B treated by 3DCRT. Concurrent cisplatin was delivered on weekly (35mg/m2) or tri-weekly (75mg/m2) basis during external beam Radiotherapy and was followed by High Dose Radiotherapy Brachytherapy. Clinical response and complication assessment were evaluated.Collected data was analyzed using standard statistical methods and softwares to calculate level of significance using “p” value by chi square test. RESULTS: In this study mean age of the patients was 48 years (26-67 years). The anemia was the most common side effect seen in both groups (96% vs 88%, p=0.29). Neutropenia was more in group B (36% vs 44%, p= 0.56). Lower GI toxicity was seen only in patients in group A (20% vs 0%, p=0.018). In follow up there were no significant early rectal and bladder reactions in both groups and 2 patients in each group had late rectal reactions of grade I and II (p= 0.312). No significant skin, bladder and small intestinal toxicity were seen in both groups. CONCLUSION: Conventional radiotherapy gives equally efficacious response though accompanied by toxicities which were acceptable.

scholarly journals 465 No Role for Postoperative Antibiotics in Uncomplicated Appendicitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ayoub ◽  
Y Tryliskyy ◽  
M K Baig
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
Uncomplicated Appendicitis ◽  
Perforated Appendix ◽  
Group A ◽  
Preoperative Antibiotics ◽  
Group B ◽  
Variable Practice

Abstract Introduction Several studies have shown benefit from use of preoperative antibiotics in reducing postoperative infection after appendectomy as well as efficacy of postoperative antibiotics in complicated appendicitis (defined as perforated appendix or presence of pus in peritoneum). While for uncomplicated appendicitis, several studies showed no benefit from antibiotics postoperatively but there are no clear NICE guidelines till now and so surgeons have different practice based on their preferences. Method This study included patients who had appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis in Worthing hospital from 1st July 2019 till 30th June 2020. The end point was 30-day follow up postoperatively for wound infection or collection. Results 90 patients were admitted with uncomplicated appendicitis with age 6-80 years (mean of 31.3). 46 patients (51%) did not receive postoperative antibiotics (group A) and 44 (49%) received postoperative antibiotics (group B) with a variable practice from one dose to 8-day course. postoperatively, only 1 patient (2.1%) in group A developed wound infection requiring drainage while none in group B developed complications (p-value=1). Conclusions Administration of postoperative antibiotics in uncomplicated appendicitis showed no superiority over non-administration. in addition, they add extra cost on NHS. So, their routine use postoperatively is not recommended, however, larger studies are required to confirm this.

scholarly journals Post-Operative Outcomes of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion on Major Abdominal Surgery in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Control Trial in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Nirupama Saha ◽  
Nadiuzzaman Khan ◽  
Mirza Kamrul Zahid ◽  
Shah Alam Talukder ◽  
ASM Meftahuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Major Abdominal Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Lidocaine ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Group B

Background: Post-operative outcomes of a major abdominal surgery depend on careful & effective post-operative management. But it is a critical job especially in children. Obtaining adequate analgesia after major surgery is a problematic issue and postoperative pain still imposes a major burden of suffering in surgical patients.Objectives: The principle objectives of the study is to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine infusion in pain management of pediatric population undergone in major abdominal surgery; to reduce post-operative morbidity & enhance better surgical outcome in children.Methodology: This is a randomized control trial carried out from January 2015-June2015,in a tertiary care hospital among 60 cases of 4 to 14 years children with major abdominal surgery without having any pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic or renal insufficiency. Grouping of patients that is lidocaine infusion group (Group A) and control group (Group B) was made among admitted cases for elective abdominal surgery by simple random technique by means of lottery. For assessment of postoperative pain FLACC Scale was used in both groups. Clinical examination findings & specifically designed data collection sheet with a set questionnaire were used as research instruments. Formulated data was analyzed by SPSS version 17, taking p value <0.05 as significant.Results: It is noted that, after 24 hours of operation most of the patients 56.7% of group A had mild pain whereas 90% patients of group B had moderate pain (p<0.001)& during that time there was no patient with severe pain in group A whereas in group B 10% patients were with severe pain. At 48 hours, pain was absent in 13.3% children of group A and 6.7% in group B. In group A most of the children 76.7%had mild pain compared to moderate pain 18 (60%) in group B children at that hours (P<0.001). Again, regarding required amount of analgesics, patients received I/V lidocaine required less amount of analgesics than its counterpart. In present study, complications was noted only 3.3% patien in group A, where as in the opposite group it was found in 23.3% & p was <0.05. In group A, in 50% patients post operative bowel sound was returned within 72 hours, compared to 73.3% patients in group B. The p value was 0.001. About post-operative hospital stay, 83.3% children of the group A were released from hospital after 5th P.O.D whereas, in group B, only 50% children were released after 7th P.O.D of operation. The P value was 0.03 that is also significant.Conclusion: Intravenous lidocaine could improve immediate and late post-operative pain with early recovery after major abdominal surgery in children & it can contribute to rapid postoperative rehabilitation programs.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2018, Vol.10(1); 23-27

Association of Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Cirrhosis Presented with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134-1135
Author(s):  
M. A. Chhutto ◽  
A. H. Mugheri ◽  
A. H. Phulpoto ◽  
I. A. Ansari ◽  
A. Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Disease Study

Objective: To determine the association of adverse outcomes in term of mortality in patients with cirrhosis presented with coronavirus disease. Study Design: Retrospective/observational study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st March 2019 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and twenty covid-19 patients of both genders with or without chronic liver disease were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized in to two groups. Group A (with cirrhosis 60 patients) and group B (without cirrhosis 60 patients). Outcomes in term of mortality between both groups were examined. Results: There were 38 (63.33%) males and 22 (36.67%) were females with mean age 46.14±8.44 years in group A while in group B, 40 (66.67%) and 20 (33.33%) patients were males and females with mean age 45.26±9.34 years. Patients with cirrhosis had high mortality rate as compared to patients without cirrhosis (33.33% Vs 13.33%) with p-value 0.0001. Conclusion: A significant association of adverse outcomes was found in cirrhotic patients with coronavirus disease. Keywords: Chronic Liver Disease, Corvid-19, Mortality

PRECIPITATING FACTORS AND EFFICACY OF COMBINING LACTULOSE PLUS RIFAXIMIN IN THE TREATMENT OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY DUE TO CIRRHOSIS AT CHO RAY HOSPITAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Phat Ho Tan ◽  
Tam Vu Thi Minh ◽  
Trong Huynh Nguyen Dang ◽  
Phuong Tran Nhat Thi Anh ◽  
Ngan Tran Thi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy is an important evidence that confirms impairment of liver function, may occur in about 40% of cirrhotics. Data about efficacy of rifaximin plus lactulose in the treatment of Vietnamese patients was still limited. This study aimed to determine the precipitating factors and to access the efficacy of lactulose plus rifaximin in overt hepatic encephalopathy. Patients and Methods: The prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial, 43 cirrhotics with overt hepatic encephalopathy without portal systemic shunting addmitted to gastroenterology department of Cho Ray Hospital from March 2019 to August 2019, were randomized into two groups (group A lactulose plus rifaximin 1.100 mg/day, n = 21; and group B only lactulose; n = 22). All patients were recorded for onset factors, clinical characteristics and assessing the recovery of hepatic encephalopathy. Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 54.8 ± 12.1 years (the ratio of male to female patients is 4.38 : 1). The leading cause of cirrhosis was alcohol (39.5%). The most common clinical symptoms were jaundice (83.7%), spider naevi (41.9%) and ascites (37.2%). The most common triggers were infection (51.2%), gastrointestinal bleeding (37.2%) and constipation (25.6%). The percentage of patients with complete improvement after treatment with lactulose plus rifaximin was 81% compared to 63.6% in the lactulose-treated patients only (95% CI: 0.539 - 1.147, p value = 0.206). Conclusion: Our data revealed that common triggers of hepatic encephalopathy were infections, gastrointestinal bleeding and constipation. The combination of lactulose plus rifaximin was more effective than rifaximin alone in the treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Key words: hepatic encephalopathy, precipitating factor, lactulose, rifaximin

Comparison of Outcome of one Versus two Drains Insertion for Seroma Formation Following Modified Radical Mastectomy in Breast Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Shiraz Shaikh ◽  
Ambreen Munir ◽  
Shahnawaz Abro ◽  
Shahida Khatoon ◽  
Zameer Hussain Laghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Modified Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: Comparative outcome of one versus two drains insertion for in the term of seroma formation following modified radical mastectomy in breast carcinoma. Methodology: This Prospective Interventional trial was conducted at Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from February 2018 to January 2019.  Females with breast carcinoma admitted for modified radical mastectomy were included. Patients were divided into two groups.  Groups I underwent one drain placement and group II underwent two drains placement. All patients were observed to measure and record the volume of the fluid. Patients were discharged from Hospital in stable condition and after removal of drains, and followed up weekly for one month. Data was recorded on self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS-20. Results: Total of 80 patients were selected, 38 in group A and 42 in group B. Mean age of patients of group A was 49.08 ± 9.89 years and group B was 51.40 ± 13.59 years. , Excised Mass weight was lesser in group A as compared to group B. Mean volume of drain discharge was significantly higher in Group B 323.43 ± 158.88 ml, while it was in group A 230.29± 200.98, findings were statistically significant 0.013. Seroma formation was statistically insignificant among both groups as 8(21.1%) in group A and   10(23.8%) in group B, p-value 0.768. Conclusion: One-drain and two-drain insertion are equally effective to reduce the seroma formation after modified radical mastectomy; however, one drain insertion leads to more patient compliance and comfort with probably less morbidity and cost.

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