Climatic Diversity and Ecological Descriptors of Wild Tomato Species (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon) and Close Related Species (Solanum sect. Juglandifolia y sect. Lycopersicoides) in Latin America

Conservation and sustainable use of species diversity require a description of the environment where they develop. The objectives were to determine ecological descriptors and climatic diversity of areas along the distribution range of 12 species of wild tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon) and four wild species of phylogenetically related groups (Solanum sect. Juglandifolia and sect. Lycopersicoides), as well as their ecological similarity in Latin America. With 4228 selected tomato accessions and an environmental information system (EIS) composed of 21 climatic variables, diversity patterns of the distribution areas were identified for each species, as well as ecological descriptors through the use of geographic information systems (GIS). The contribution of climatic variables to the species geographical distribution was identified by principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity in species distribution as a function of the variables identified with cluster analysis (CA). Climatic characteristics and the environmental amplitude of wild tomatoes and related species along their distributional range were satisfactorily determined by ecological descriptors. Eleven climate types were identified, predominantly BSk (arid, steppe, cold), BWh (arid, desert, hot), and Cfb (temperate, no dry season, warm summer). PCA determined 10 most important variables were the most important for the geographical distribution. Six groups of species were identified according to CA and climatic distribution similarity. This approach has shown promissory applications for biodiversity conservation of valuable genetic resources for tomato crop breeding.

Download Full-text

Edaphoclimatic Descriptors of Wild Tomato Species (Solanum Sect. Lycopersicon) and Closely Related Species (Solanum Sect. Juglandifolia and Sect. Lycopersicoides) in South America

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.748979 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Ramírez-Ojeda ◽

Iris Edith Peralta ◽

Eduardo Rodríguez-Guzmán ◽

Jaime Sahagún-Castellanos ◽

José Luis Chávez-Servia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Related Species ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Actual Distribution ◽

Wild Tomato ◽

Wild Tomato Species ◽

Tomato Species ◽

Solanum Sect ◽

Edaphic Variables

Wild species related to cultivated tomato are essential genetic resources in breeding programs focused on food security to face future challenges. The ecogeographic analysis allows identifying the species adaptive ranges and most relevant environmental variables explaining their patterns of actual distribution. The objective of this research was to identify the diversity, ecological descriptors, and statistical relationship of 35 edaphoclimatic variables (20 climatic, 1 geographic and 14 edaphic variables) from 4,649 accessions of 12 wild tomato species and 4 closely related species classified in Solanum sect. Lycopersicon and clustered into four phylogenetic groups, namely “Lycopersicon group” (S. pimpinellifolium, S. cheesmaniae, and S. galapagense), “Arcanum group” (S. arcanum, S. chmielewskii, and S. neorickii), “Eriopersicon group” (S. habrochaites, S. huaylasense, S. corneliomulleri, S. peruvianum, and S. chilense), “Neolycopersicon group” (S. pennellii); and two phylogenetically related groups in Solanum sect. Juglandifolia (S. juglandifolium and S. ochranthum), and section Lycopersicoides (S. lycopersicoides and S. sitiens). The relationship between the climate and edaphic variables were determined by the canonical correlation analysis, reaching 89.2% of variation with the first three canonical correlations. The most significant climatic variables were related to humidity (annual evapotranspiration, annual precipitation, and precipitation of driest month) and physicochemical soil characteristics (bulk density, pH, and base saturation percentage). In all groups, ecological descriptors and diversity patterns were consistent with previous reports. Regarding edaphoclimatic diversity, 12 climate types and 17 soil units were identified among all species. This approach has promissory applications for biodiversity conservation and uses valuable genetic resources related to a leading crop.

Download Full-text

Pimpinella ibradiensis (Apiaceae), an unusual new species from Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.217.2.6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 217 (2) ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

İlker Çinbilgel ◽

özkan Eren ◽

Hayri Duman ◽

Mustafa Gökceoğlu

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Related Species ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Identification Key ◽

The Other ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Closely Related Species

Pimpinella ibradiensis, an unusual new species found in the Toka Yayla (İbradı, Antalya) in southern Anatolia, is described and illustrated. Site conditions, synecology and conservation status of P. ibradiensis are considered. In light of the comparison with the other closely related four species, namely P. nephrophylla, P. flabellifolia, P. sintenisii and P. paucidentata, its similarity within the genus are discussed. P. ibradiensis is easly distinguished from its relatives by its white petals, presence of bracts and bracteoles, larger fruits (4–5.5 × 1–2 mm), and having serrulate basal leaves with 60–95 strongly cartilaginous teeth along margins. The geographical distribution of P. ibradiensis and closely related species are mapped and the identification key of those species is updated.

Download Full-text

New distribution records for Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) in Latin America

Check List ◽

10.15560/11.6.1810 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1810

Author(s):

Kirstern Lica Follmann Haseyama ◽

Alessandre Pereira-Colavite ◽

Claudio José Barros De Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

New Records ◽

New Distribution

The geographical distribution of Muscidae from Latin America has been extended. The following eight genera, including 28 species, were collected: Cyrtoneurina (2 spp.), Cyrtoneuropsis (8 spp.), Dolichophaonia (1 sp.), Neomuscina (7 spp.), Ophyra (1 sp.), Phaonia (2 spp.), Philornis (5 spp.), and Polietina (2 spp.). New records and additional collecting data have been provided for Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica, including reference maps for the species listed.

Download Full-text

Fritillaria arsusiana (Lilieae, Liliaceae), a new species from southern Anatolia

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.502.2.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 502 (2) ◽

pp. 149-159

Author(s):

HASAN YILDIRIM ◽

MEHTAP TEKŞEN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Related Species ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Flower Colour ◽

Identification Key ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Diagnostic Characters ◽

A New Species ◽

Shape And Size

In this study, Fritillaria arsusiana (Liliaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Hatay province in southern Anatolia, Turkey. It is related to F. amana and F. hermonis by habitus features and broadly campanulate flowers, but differs mainly by its bulb shape and size, smaller leaf and flower features, and flower colour. It has also been morphologically compared with F. wendelboi, F. pinardii, and F. latakiensis. The detailed description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and phenology, etymology, conservation status, and identification key of the new and the related species are presented in this study. IUCN conservation status of F. arsusiana is suggested as Critically Endangered (CR).

Download Full-text

Synthetic acylsugars and their effects on the control of arthropod pests

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542017412031416 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208

Author(s):

Anni Cristini Silvestri Gomes ◽

Maria das Graças Cardoso ◽

Juliano Vilela Resende ◽

Sérgio Scherrer Thomasi ◽

Luana Isac Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Biological Effect ◽

Sodium Acetate ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Wild Tomato Species ◽

Tomato Species ◽

Biological Tests ◽

Arthropod Pests ◽

Low Rate

ABSTRACT One of the main problems facing agriculture is the loss of production as a result of the attack of agricultural pests. Alternative ways to work around this problem are being sought. There are substances called acylsugars that are naturally produced by the wild tomato species S. pennellii and affect arthropod pests. The objectives of this work were to synthesize two acylsugars and assess the biological effect of these on the arthropod pests Bemissia tabaci and Tetranycus urticae. The syntheses were performed via the reactions of glucose and sucrose (saccharose) with acetic anhydride using sodium acetate as the catalyst. The products of these reactions were sucrose octa-acetate and glucose penta-acetate, the structures of which were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. In a resistance test against the mite, a linear correlation between the concentration of the synthesized substances, and the dislocation of the mite was obtained. A delay in the hatching of the arthropod eggs was observed, causing a mortality rate of approximately 95% in the 1st instar larvae of mites that was confirmed in adults. In the biological tests with Bemisia tabaci, there was a low rate of hatching and emergence, and the effect on the nymphs was the deformation of the emergent adults.

Download Full-text

Rhamnella intermedia (Rhamnaceae), a new evergreen species from southwest Guangxi

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.159.53177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

pp. 115-126

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Lu ◽

Yongshuai Sun

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Related Species ◽

Principal Component ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Sequence Variations ◽

Dried Fruit ◽

Nuclear Its

Rhamnella intermedia, a new evergreen species from southwest Guangxi, is described and illustrated in this study. This species is similar to R. brachycarpa by the size and ratio of length to width of dried fruit and seeds, by which it differs from R. rubrinervis and R. tonkinensis. However, it differs from R. brachycarpa by rarely mucronate seed apices, larger ratio of length to width of leaves, leaf apices acuminate to long acuminate, shorter leaf petioles, and longer fruiting pedicels. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic traits further recognised three separated groups. Rhamnella rubrinervis and R. tonkinensis were clustered into one group; the other two groups represented R. brachycarpa and two Guangxi populations, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS sequence variations highly supported that the two Guangxi populations represented an independent evolutionary lineage and were closest to R. rubrinervis. Four fixed nucleotide sites were found and were different from R. rubrinervis. However, besides the differentiated traits in seeds and fruit, densely pilose young branches also separated them from R. rubrinervis. In addition, during our field investigations, none of the three closely related species were found at locations where this new species was distributed. Therefore, this new species, based on the two Guangxi populations, is named R. intermedia. The key to four closely related species is also presented.

Download Full-text

Transcriptome resequencing analysis of the responses of Ty-5-Mediated resistance to TYLCV via in resistant vs. susceptible tomato cultivars

10.7287/peerj.preprints.26578 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Qingqi Chen ◽

Xiangyang Xu ◽

Jingbin Jiang ◽

Jingfu Li

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Glutathione Metabolism ◽

Functional Classification ◽

Wild Tomato Species ◽

Tomato Species ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Susceptible Tomato

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomato in both tropical and subtropical regions. Five major genes (Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4 and Ty-5) from wild tomato species have been associated with resistance to TYLCV. Researchers have recently attempted to determine the functions of these resistance genes, but molecular mechanisms underlying the observed resistance remain unclear. Here, resistant (cv. CLN3212A-23, carrying Ty-5) and susceptible (cv. Moneymaker) plants were either left untreated (R and S, respectively) or artificially inoculated with TYLCV via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (RT and ST, respectively). The transcriptomes of the plants in the four groups were then analyzed by RNA-Seq, and the results identified 8,639 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the R and RT groups, 2,818 DEGs between the RT and ST groups, 8,899 DEGs between the S and ST groups, and 707 DEGs between the R and S groups. The gene expression profiles in both the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars appeared to undergo notable changes after viral inoculation, and functional classification revealed that most DEGs were associated with 18 GO terms. Moreover, the functional classification of the response of Ty-5-carrying tomato plants to TYLCV infection identified the importance of the GO term “response to stimulus” in the BP category, which is related to disease resistance. In addition, 28 genes were significantly enriched in the “Plant hormone signal transduction”, “Carbon metabolism”, “ Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms ” and “ Glutathione metabolism ” pathways. The differential expression levels of 12 select genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The present study indicates that the Ty-5 gene activates the expression of multiple genes involved in the resistance process and will aid a more in-depth understanding of the effects of the Ty-5 gene on resistance based on its molecular mechanism with the aim of improving TYLCV disease management in tomato.

Download Full-text

Body size information in large-scale acoustic bat databases

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5370 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Caterina Penone ◽

Christian Kerbiriou ◽

Jean-François Julien ◽

Julie Marmet ◽

Isabelle Le Viol

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Large Scale ◽

Principal Component ◽

Acoustic Signals ◽

Species Traits ◽

Climatic Variables ◽

Characteristic Frequencies ◽

Acoustic Data ◽

Forearm Length ◽

Broad Scale

Background Citizen monitoring programs using acoustic data have been useful for detecting population and community patterns. However, they have rarely been used to study broad scale patterns of species traits. We assessed the potential of acoustic data to detect broad scale patterns in body size. We compared geographical patterns in body size with acoustic signals in the bat species Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Given the correlation between body size and acoustic characteristics, we expected to see similar results when analyzing the relationships of body size and acoustic signals with climatic variables. Methods We assessed body size using forearm length measurements of 1,359 bats, captured by mist nets in France. For acoustic analyses, we used an extensive dataset collected through the French citizen bat survey. We isolated each bat echolocation call (n = 4,783) and performed automatic measures of signals, including the frequency of the flattest part of the calls (characteristic frequency). We then examined the relationship between forearm length, characteristic frequencies, and two components resulting from principal component analysis for geographic (latitude, longitude) and climatic variables. Results Forearm length was positively correlated with higher precipitation, lower seasonality, and lower temperatures. Lower characteristic frequencies (i.e., larger body size) were mostly related to lower temperatures and northern latitudes. While conducted on different datasets, the two analyses provided congruent results. Discussion Acoustic data from citizen science programs can thus be useful for the detection of large-scale patterns in body size. This first analysis offers a new perspective for the use of large acoustic databases to explore biological patterns and to address both theoretical and applied questions.

Download Full-text