scholarly journals Growth Quality and Development of Olive Plants Cultured In-Vitro under Different Illumination Regimes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2214
Author(s):  
Pablo Díaz-Rueda ◽  
Manuel Cantos-Barragán ◽  
José Manuel Colmenero-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Growth Quality

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are useful for the in-vitro micropropagation of plants, but little information is available on woody species. This work compares the effects of light quality and intensity on the growth and development of micropropagated olive plants from two different subspecies. Illumination was provided with fluorescent and LED lamps covering different red/blue ratios (90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40) or red/blue/white combinations, as well as different light intensities (30, 34, 40, 52, 56, 84, 98 and 137 µmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetic photon fluxes, PPF). Olive plants exhibited high sensitivity to light quality and intensity. Higher red/blue ratios or lower light intensities stimulated plant growth and biomass mainly as a consequence of a higher internodal elongation rate, not affecting either the total number of nodes or shoots. In comparison to fluorescent illumination, LED lighting improved leaf area and biomass, which additionally was positively correlated with light intensity. Stomatal frequency was positively, and pigments content negatively, correlated with light intensity, while no clear correlation was observed with light quality. In comparison with fluorescent lamps, LED illumination (particularly the 70/30 red/blue ratio with 34 µmol m−2 s−1 PPF intensity) allowed optimal manipulation and improved the quality of in-vitro micropropagated olive plants.

Quality and Intensity of Light in the In Vitro Development of Microstumps of Eucalyptus urophylla in a Photoautotrophic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natane A Miranda ◽  
Aloisio Xavier ◽  
Wagner C Otoni ◽  
Ricardo Gallo ◽  
Kellen C Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The quality and quantity of light are important factors in controlling in vitro plant growth in photoautotrophic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light quality (fluorescent, white, red, blue, red/blue, and distant red) on microstumps of a Eucalyptus urophylla clone in an in vitro photoautotrophic system, as well as the intensity of fluorescent light (60, 85, 100, and 140 μmol m–2 s–1) in the growth and production of microcutting. The number of shoots and microcutting, the size of the largest shoot, the stomatal density, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content were analyzed. Light quality altered plant growth, and fluorescent light intensity did not affect the microstumps’ production during the evaluation period. In white light-emitting diode (LED) light, there was higher production of carotenoids, with a lower initial production of microcuttings. A smaller number of shoots were obtained in blue LED. In general, the different qualities and light intensities tested allowed for the growth of the Eucalyptus urophylla clone grown in vitro, making it possible to obtain microcuttings under photoautotrophic cultivation. Study Implications In vitro propagation is a stressful process for plants and has limitations for commercial-scale Eucalyptus production. Fluorescent lamps, closed containers, and high sucrose concentrations are traditionally used. To reduce costs and improve production, the use of efficient light sources and photoautotrophic cultivation systems become alternatives. This study investigated the influence of light on the in vitro growth of a Eucalyptus clone in a photoautotrophic system. The quality was more important than the intensity of light. Foresters will be able to indicate the use of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) as a replacement for fluorescent lamps. This approach is useful in enhancing micropropagation techniques.

scholarly journals Light Intensity and Light Quality from Sole-source Light-emitting Diodes Impact Phytochemical Concentrations within Brassica Microgreens

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Craver ◽  
Joshua R. Gerovac ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Phenolic Concentration

Multilayer vertical production systems using sole-source (SS) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be an alternative to more traditional methods of microgreens production. One significant benefit of using LEDs is the ability to select light qualities that have beneficial impacts on plant morphology and the synthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the impacts of SS LEDs of different light qualities and intensities on the phytochemical content of brassica (Brassica sp.) microgreens. Specifically, phytochemical measurements included 1) total anthocyanins, 2) total and individual carotenoids, 3) total and individual chlorophylls, and 4) total phenolics. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes), mustard (Brassica juncea ‘Garnet Giant’), and mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica) were grown in hydroponic tray systems placed on multilayer shelves in a walk-in growth chamber. A daily light integral (DLI) of 6, 12, or 18 mol·m−2·d−1 was achieved from SS LED arrays with light ratios (percent) of red:blue 87:13 (R87:B13), red:far-red:blue 84:7:9 (R84:FR7:B9), or red:green:blue 74:18:8 (R74:G18:B8) with a total photon flux from 400 to 800 nm of 105, 210, or 315 µmol·m−2·s–1 for 16 hours, respectively. Phytochemical measurements were collected using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Regardless of light quality, total carotenoids were significantly lower under increasing light intensities for mizuna and mustard microgreens. In addition, light quality affected total integrated chlorophyll with higher values observed under the light ratio of R87:B13 compared with R84:FR7:B9 and R74:G18:B8 for kohlrabi and mustard microgreens, respectively. For kohlrabi, with increasing light intensities, the total concentration of anthocyanins was greater compared with those grown under lower light intensities. In addition, for kohlrabi, the light ratios of R87:B13 or R84:FR7:B9 produced significantly higher anthocyanin concentrations compared with the light ratio of R74:G18:B8 under a light intensity of 315 µmol·m−2·s−1. Light quality also influenced the total phenolic concentration of kohlrabi microgreens, with significantly greater levels for the light ratio of R84:FR7:B9 compared with R74:G18:B8 under a light intensity of 105 µmol·m−2·s−1. However, the impact of light intensity on total phenolic concentration of kohlrabi was not significant. The results from this study provide further insight into the selection of light qualities and intensities using SS LEDs to achieve preferred phytochemical content of brassica microgreens.

scholarly journals Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22±2 °C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 µmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

scholarly journals Effect of Light on Rhizogenesis of Forest Berry Plants during Clonal Micropropagation

2021 ◽  
pp. 520-528
Author(s):  
Sergey Makarov ◽  
Sergey Rodin ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova ◽  
Anton Chudetsky ◽  
Svetlana Tsaregradskaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Rooting ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
American Cranberry ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Spectral Ranges

Introduction. Forest berry plants are popular on the food market and in pharmacy for their high nutritional and medicinal value. Plantations of forest berry plants can proliferate on unused lands, including depleted peatlands. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective method for obtaining large quantities of high quality planting material. Light-emitting diodes are highly effective for clonal micropropagation. The research objective was to study the effect of different spectral ranges on the process of root formation of forest berry plants in vitro. Study objects and methods. The research featured regenerant plants of half-highbush blueberry, arctic bramble, American cranberry, European cranberry, lingonberry, and Kamchatka bilberry of different cultivars. A set of experiments made it possible to study the effect of lighting type on the growth and development of the root system of forest berry plants in vitro using white fluorescent lamps, white spectrum LED lamps, and LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra at the in vitro rooting stage of clonal micropropagation. Results and its discussion. The largest number (3.4–14.6 pcs.) and the maximum total length (10.0–156.9 cm) of roots were observed under LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra. The effect was by 1.1–2.8 and 2.0–4.5 times higher than in the case of white-spectrum LED lamps, and by 2.3–7.0 and 3.3–14.9 times than in the case of fluorescent lamps. Variety and shape proved to have no significant effect on biometric indicators. Conclusion. LED lamps had a positive effect on the process of rhizogenesis of forest berry plants during clonal micropropagation. They appeared to be more effective than fluorescent lamps. The combination of white, blue, and red spectra increased the biometric parameters of plants at the stage of in vitro rooting.

scholarly journals Effects of Frequency and Duty Ratio on the Growth of Potato Plantlets In Vitro Using Light-emitting Diodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-Chi Jao ◽  
Wei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Intermittent Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Potato Plantlets

Effects of intermittent light on photomixotrophic growth of potato plantlets in vitro and the electrical savings that could be realized by adjusting the frequency and duty ratio of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated and compared to the use of conventional tubular fluorescent lamps (TFLs). TFLs provide continuous fluctuating light at 60 Hz and LEDs provide continuous nonfluctuating or intermittent/pulse light depend on the preset frequency and duty ratio. In total, eight treatments were investigated with varying light source, frequency, duty ratio and photoperiod. Results indicated that if growth rate is the only concern, LEDs at 720 Hz [1.4 milliseconds (ms)] and 50% duty ratio with 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod stimulated plant growth the most. However, if energy consumption is the major concern, using LEDs at 180 Hz (5.5 ms) and 50% duty ratio with 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod would be the best choice for illuminating potato plantlets without significantly sacrificing plant growth, especially when energy for heat removal is also considered.

scholarly journals The influence of nitrogen fertilizations and light intersity on mother plants productivity and the rooting of cuttings of Chrysanthemum (cultivar - Horim Golden)

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Lidia Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
High Intensity Light

Mother plants of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> cv. "Horim Golden" have been cultivated at three levels of nitrogen fertilization, dosage for a 3 l pot was 100,500,1000 mg N. The plants were growing with fluorescent lamps on (5000 lx or 10000 lx). The rooting of the cuttings obtained under such conditions took place with 5000 lx. The effect of nitrogen on the productivity of mother plants depended on the light intensity. Higher nitrogen doses affected favourably the number of cuttings, the growth and number of roots per cuttings - only when higher light intensity was applied for mother plants. Light of various intensity used in the cultivation of chrysanthemum mother plants had a significantly higher effect on the dynamics of rooting that did nitrogen fertilization. High intensity light, irrespective of the nitrogen dose used, also increased the weight and number of roots per cutting. Moreover, a clear correlation has been found between the carbohydrate content in cuttings and the dynamics of rooting and the number and weight of roots formed. The process of root formation took place later and was slower in cuttings in which a higher carbohydrate content was found; however, the number and weight of roots formed by these cuttings were considerably higher. In cuttings characterised by a low carbohydrate; total nitrogen ratio a decrease in the number and weight of roots has been found.

Battery Charge Affects the Stability of Light Intensity from Light-emitting Diode Light-curing Units

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tongtaksin ◽  
C Leevailoj
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Battery Charge ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARY This study investigated the influence of battery charge levels on the stability of light-emitting diode (LED) curing-light intensity by measuring the intensity from fully charged through fully discharged batteries. The microhardness of resin composites polymerized by the light-curing units at various battery charge levels was measured. The light intensities of seven fully charged battery LED light-curing units—1) LY-A180, 2) Bluephase, 3) Woodpecker, 4) Demi Plus, 5) Saab II, 6) Elipar S10, and 7) MiniLED—were measured with a radiometer (Kerr) after every 10 uses (20 seconds per use) until the battery was discharged. Ten 2-mm-thick cylindrical specimens of A3 shade nanofilled resin composite (PREMISE, Kerr) were prepared per LED light-curing unit group. Each specimen was irradiated by the fully charged light-curing unit for 20 seconds. The LED light-curing units were then used until the battery charge fell to 50%. Specimens were prepared again as described above. This was repeated again when the light-curing units' battery charge fell to 25% and when the light intensity had decreased to 400 mW/cm2. The top/bottom surface Knoop hardness ratios of the specimens were determined. The microhardness data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey test at a significance level of 0.05. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine significant correlations between surface hardness and light intensity. We found that the light intensities of the Bluephase, Demi Plus, and Elipar S10 units were stable. The intensity of the MiniLED unit decreased slightly; however, it remained above 400 mW/cm2. In contrast, the intensities of the LY-A180, Woodpecker, and Saab II units decreased below 400 mW/cm2. There was also a significant decrease in the surface microhardnesses of the resin composite specimens treated with MiniLED, LY-A180, Woodpecker, and Saab II. In conclusion, the light intensity of several LED light-curing units decreased as the battery was discharged, with a coincident reduction in the units' ability to polymerize resin composite. Therefore, the intensity of an LED light-curing unit should be evaluated during the life of its battery charge to ensure that sufficient light intensity is being generated.

scholarly journals Effects of Light Quality on Vegetative Growth and Flower Initiation in Phalaenopsis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Yohana Theresia Maria Astuti ◽  
Lila Natasaputra ◽  
P. Parmi
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
White Leds ◽  
Cytokinin Content

The effects of LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) emitting different colours namely red, blue, red andblue, and white lights on vegetative growth and fl ower initiation of Phalaenopsis have been evaluated.Phalaenopsis“otohine/taisuco fi re bird” seedlings in vitro were subjected to different light qualities for either2 or 4 weeks, and then each seedling was planted in a plastic pot containing sphagnum and grown in thegrowth chamber under similar light quality for 3 months. For fl ower induction, mature Phalaenopsis plantshaving 4 – 6 leaves were grown for 3 months in the growth chamber under different light qualities. The leafspan, chlorophyll, gibberellin and cytokinin content were determined. In addition, the expressions of FT-likegene in the leaf, axillary bud, fl ower bud and stalk were examined.Vegetative growth was enhanced under blue, red-blue or white LEDs compared to that of the control.Gibberellin and cytokinin content increased in the seedlings subjected to white LEDs. Based on the averageof leaf span increment it was suggested that the growth of Phalaenopsis seedlings can be promoted by givingeither blue, red-blue or white LEDs. From the second experiment, it was found that fl ower induction inPhalaenopsis can be obtained in plants that had just fi nished fl owering without the application of LEDs. Theexpression of FT-like gene in the leaf as well as fl ower bud and stalk suggests that this gene is involved infl ower regulation of Phalaenopsis.

Responses of seed germination and protocorm formation to light intensity and temperature in epiphytic and terrestrial Liparis (Orchidaceae)

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Tsutsumi ◽  
Kazumitsu Miyoshi ◽  
Tomohisa Yukawa ◽  
Masahiro Kato
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Terrestrial Species ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Protocorm Formation

Epiphytes begin their life history with seed germination on trees and live on the trees throughout the lives. In contrast, the seeds of terrestrial plants germinate on the ground. To clarify differences in early life history between epiphytes and terrestrial species, we compared the responses of in vitro asymbiotic seed germination and protocorm formation to various light intensities and temperatures between the epiphyte Liparis fujisanensis and two closely related terrestrial species, Liparis koreojaponica and Liparis kumokiri (Orchidaceae). Epiphytic germination was higher at low temperature and under high light intensity than that of the terrestrial species. Protocorms were formed only in the dark in the three species. Field measurements of temperature and photosynthetically active radiation in six natural habitats of the species from 2005 to 2006 showed that the habitats of the epiphyte were exposed to higher light intensities than those of the terrestrial species. The high germination capability of epiphyte seeds in wider ranges of light intensity and temperature may be beneficial to its seedling growth in the early growing season in exposed aboveground habitats.

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