Chemotypes and Their Stability in Mentha longifolia (L.) L.—A Comprehensive Study of Five Accessions

Mentha longifolia (L.) L. is the most widespread wild-growing mint species found, and its chemical composition is extremely diverse. We studied the essential oil (EO) yield, composition, and chemotaxonomy of five, northern Hungarian accessions of the species in a cultivation experiment covering two vegetation years at two parallel sites. The long-term goal is to establish the cultivation of this stress-tolerant species in Hungary as a source of flavoring and preservative agents for commercial use. Essential oil yield (1–2 mL/100 g) was observed to be dependent on both the accession and the year. Accession HV1 is assumed to be a new, presumably rare chemotype containing carvacrol (19.28–20.56%), 1,8-cineole (14.87–17.45%), thymol (13.36–13.90%), carvacryl acetate (8.81–10.40%), and para-cymene (7.24–8.01%). Only minor fluctuations occurred in concentrations of these constituents due to habitats and years. A radical change in essential oil composition was observed in accession HV2, as one batch was based on thymol (19.79%) and 1,8-cineole (14.93%), while the others were rich in dihydrocarvone isomers (up to 69%). Although this needs further investigation, it does explain the coexistence of limonene-oxo and γ-terpinene pathways in horsemint. According to the literature, the pathway leading to thymol isomers and/or esters may be rare in the entire Mentha genus. We also demonstrated that known chemotypes of horsemint may differ in variability of their EO composition. Our results also led to the conclusion that any declaration on chemotype needs detailed examination and is not realistic on the basis of a single sample. Assumptions were made about the potential areas of utilization: beside fragrance and flavoring uses of essential oils free from pulegone and menthofurane, thymol-based ones may be used as antioxidative and anti-spoilage agents.

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Essential Oil Composition of Helichrysum conglobatum from Cyprus

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601101024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601101

Author(s):

Kaan Polatoğlua ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

İhsan Çalιş ◽

Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Tetradecanoic Acid ◽

First Report ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Components ◽

Essential Oil Yield

The essential oil of aerial parts of Helichrysum conglobatum (Viv.) Steudel. (Asteraceae) from Cyprus was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield was 0.01, v/w. Forty five compounds were identified in the oil comprising 96.1% of the total. The essential oil was mainly composed of sesquiterpene type compounds and oxygenated sesquiterpene derivatives. The main components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (14.6%), γ-curcumene (14.1%), hexadecanoic acid (13.5%), tetradecanoic acid (7.5%), rosifoliol (5.4%) and δ-cadinene (5.3%). This is the first report on the essential oil composition of H. conglobatum from Cyprus.

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INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING TIME ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ABIES KOREANA TWIGS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.15056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Min Seo ◽

Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan ◽

Songmun Kim

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Harvesting Time ◽

Abies Koreana ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Objective: In the present study, the influence of harvesting time (April, June, August and October 2015) on the essential oil composition of Abies koreana twigs from Korea was investigated.Methods: The essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results: The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.76 to 1.20% depending on the month of harvesting. The GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 26 different essential oil components from the twigs harvested in the months of April, June, August and October, which were mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.63–72.38%) followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (18.82–25.96%). Harvesting time mainly influenced on the concentration of the major components of the essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana. Limonene (17.38–31.13%), bornyl acetate (13.22–21.17%), camphene (12.56–13.26%), α-pinene (11.05–13.02%), β-pinene (4.55–5.70%), 3-carene (5.21–6.43%) and β-eudesmol (1.49–8.24%) were detected as the major components in the essential oil.Conclusion: The main differences between the essential oil compositions of four different months can be referred to limonene and bornyl acetate. The results showed considerable variations in the composition of essential oil, particularly quantitative variation during different harvesting months.

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Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Anise from Different Distillation Times

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.11.1393 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 1393-1396 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽

Tess Astatkie ◽

Barry O'Brocki ◽

Ekaterina Jeliazkova

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Oil Composition ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use ◽

Total Oil ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a spice, an essential oil crop, and a medicinal plant with a long history of use. Anise seed oil is extracted from anise seed through steam distillation. There is no experimentally established optimal time for distillation of anise seed. We hypothesized that the distillation time (DT) can be customized for optimum yield and composition of anise essential oil. In this study, we determined the effect of nine steam DTs (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes) on essential oil yield and essential oil composition of anise seed. We developed regression models to predict essential oil yield, the concentration of individual constituents, and the yield of these constituents as a function of DT. Highest essential oil yield (2.0 g/100 g seed, 2%) was obtained at 360-minute DT. The concentration of transanethole, the major anise oil constituent, varied from 93.5% to 96.2% (as a percent of the total oil) and generally was high at 15- to 60-minute DT and low at 240- to 480-minute DT. However, the yield of transanethole (calculated from the essential oil yield and the concentration of transanethole in the oil) increased with increasing DT to reach maximum at 360-minute DT. The concentration of the other oil constituents varied significantly depending on the DT, and some of them were higher at the shorter DT than at the longer DT. However, the yields of these constituents were highest at longer DT (either 360 or 480 minutes). DT can be used to obtain anise essential oil with different composition that would benefit the essential oil industry. This study demonstrated the need for providing DT in reports where anise seed essential oil yield and composition are discussed. This article can also be used as a reference point for comparing studies in which different DTs were used to extract essential oil from anise seed.

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Rose-scented Geranium (Pelargonium spp.) Plant Growth, and Essential Oil Yield and Composition as Affected by Paclobutrazol Application

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11452-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 991-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bahlebi K. Eiasu ◽

Ntombekhaya Matafeni ◽

Viwe Dyafta ◽

Kenias Chigwaya

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Block Design ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

University Of Fort Hare ◽

The University ◽

Time And Energy ◽

Essential Oil Yield

Rose-scented geranium oil is extracted from the shoots (mostly the leaves) of the Pelargonium spp. through steam- or hydro-distillation. To extract less than 0.2% oil, farmers must transport and distil bulky herbage. This makes geranium oil production costly, and high time- and energy-consuming process. To investigate the effect of different paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 mg/L of water) on vegetative growth, and oil yield and composition of rose-scented geranium, three pot experiments were conducted. The experiments were conducted in a glasshouse of the University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa (located at 25°45′S and 28°16′E, an altitude of 520 m above sea level), between Oct. 2011 and May 2013. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in four replications. The PBZ was sprayed on the plants at 1 month of regrowth stage. Chlorophyll content increased with concentration of PBZ. The reduction of plant height in all PBZ-treated plants was significant, ranged between 18% and 33%. Plant canopy also reduced by 5% to 23%, and the differences were more noticeable in the plants grown between January and May (summer/autumn season), producing compact plants. Leaf area and internode length reduced as PBZ concentration increased. Paclobutrazol had no significant effect on leaf number, and essential oil yield and composition. This implies that, through applying PBZ, compacted (less bulky) rose-scented geranium could be produced without significant change in essential oil yield per plant and essential oil composition.

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Glandular trichome density and essential oil composition in leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth (Verbenaceae) in the Brazilian Cerrado

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140376 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 943-953 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Luiz R.S. Tozin ◽

Marcia O.M. Marques ◽

Tatiane M. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Glandular Trichome ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Trichome Density ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽

Density Analysis ◽

Essential Oil Yield

The essential oils from leaves and inflorescences of Lippia origanoides Kunth present aromatic and medicinal potential and have been used to treat several diseases, including melanoma. In Brazil, L. origanoides is commonly found in campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu, physiognomies featured mainly by the differential light conditions to which short and medium-sized plants are subjected. Our aim was to investigate the glandular trichome density and the yield and chemical composition of the essential oils in leaves and inflorescences of L. origanoides from campo cerrado and cerrado stricto sensu. For glandular density analysis, leaves and inflorescences were processed according to conventional techniques for scanning electron microscopy. The essential oils of leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and identified with gas chromatography. Bracts and sepals showed the highest glandular density, followed by petals and leaves. The glandular density in the abaxial leaf surface was higher in individuals from the campo cerrado. In both populations the essential oil yield was higher in inflorescences than in leaves. The chemical composition of the essential oils varied among individuals from different areas and inside a same population. Our results demonstrated the chemical plasticity of L. origanoides suggesting the importance of monitoring its popular use.

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Essential Oil Composition of Thyme (Thymus zygioides Griseb. var. lycaonicus (Celak.) Ronniger) Wild Growing in Turkey

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.61-63.2692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Erman Duman ◽

Mehmet Musa Özcan ◽

Zrira Saadiab ◽

Mustafa Mete Özcan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Weight Basis ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Linalool Oxide ◽

Main Components ◽

Essential Oil Yield

The chemical composition of essential oil, which is isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Thymus zygioides growing wild in Turkey, have been determined by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield on a dry weight basis of aerial parts from T. zygioides was 0.45%. A total of twenty two constituents were identified by GC-MS analyses, the main components representing 92.3% the oil was identified as limonene (24.11%), cis-linalool oxide (22.91%), eucalyptol (8.65%). 3-octonol (7.04%), nerol (4.47%) geranyl acetate (3.19%), carvacrol (2.74%), linalyl propanoate (2.95%) and sabinene (2.23%). The essential oil of T. zygioides was characterized by its high content of limonene (24.11%).

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Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia

Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2011.57.008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gjoshe Stefkov ◽

Ivana Cvetkovikj ◽

Marija Karapandzova ◽

Svetlana Kulevanova

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Republic Of Macedonia ◽

Three Samples ◽

Different Populations ◽

Salvia Officinalis L ◽

Main Components ◽

Essential Oil Yield

The main objective of this study was to analyze and identify the essential oil composition of S. officinalis populations growing in Republic of Macedonia and to evaluate these data according to different standards’ requirements for, commercially most utilized, Dalmatian sage. The essential oil yield, obtained after hydrodestilation from leaves, of three different populations of Salvia officinalis L. from Republic of Macedonia was determined, varying from 1.40 to 3.46%. The GC/FID/MS analysis of the composition of the essential oils revealed 63, 57 and 51 components in Galicica Mtn., Jablanica Mtn. and Karaorman Mtn. sage populations, respectively. The main components of the oil, in all three samples, were the terpene hydrocarbons, encompassing the monoterpenes: camphor (13.15 - 25.91%), α-thujone (19.25 - 26.33%), β-thujone (2.03 - 5.28%), 1,8-cineole (6.51 – 13.60%), α-pinene (0.93 – 1.47%), borneol (1.07 – 4.67%), then sesquiterpenes: trans (E)-caryophyllene (1.72 – 5.33%), α-humulene (2.89 – 7.99%), viridiflorol (4.27 – 7.99%), and the diterpene manool (2.13 - 3.79%). Thus, our results for the essential oil composition of sage complied with the reference values specified in the DAC 86 monograph for Salvia essential oil.

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Essential oil yield and composition of native species of the Myrtaceae family from “Campos Gerais” of the Atlantic Forest in Parana State

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x40405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. e45

Author(s):

Luiz Everson da Silva ◽

Wanderlei Do Amaral ◽

Cícero Deschamps ◽

Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽

Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Native Species ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Botanical Species ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Essential Oil Yield

This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The sample collections for essential oil extraction, photographic records and herbarium specimen’s preparation for botanical species identification were made at the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNP) Butuguara in Palmeira (PR), with “Campos Gerais” formations. Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes, being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species

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Population variability in Thymus glabrescens Willd. from Serbia: Morphology, anatomy and essential oil composition

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs0803475d ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 475-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Zora Dajic-Stevanovic ◽

I. Sostaric ◽

P.D. Marin ◽

D. Stojanovic ◽

M. Ristic

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Stem Anatomy ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Leaf Morphological Traits

In five indigenous populations of Thymus glabrescens Willd. collected in the region of Banat (Serbia), the variability on leaf morphological traits, leaf and stem anatomy, and composition of the essential oil was studied. The major component in the studied populations was either thymol or ?-terpinene. Distinct differentiation of populations with respect to chemical composition of essential oils might be related to spatial distribution of the studied populations. No correlations between morphology, anatomy, and essential oil yield and composition were determined. Both capitate and peltate glandular trichomes were found on calyces, whereas the latter were noticed on the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface.

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