scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation and Reproductive Capacity of the Bulgarian Endemic Plant Species Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss. (Lamiaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Ivanka B. Semerdjieva ◽  
Jan F. Stevens ◽  
Wenbin Wu ◽  
Charles L. Cantrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss (Lamiaceae) is a Bulgarian endemic species. Overall, the essential oil (EO) composition of M. friwaldskyanum was different from that of the other Marrubium species reported in the literature. The main EO constituents of M. friwaldskyanum were (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and caryophyllene oxide. The effect of the harvest stage was significant only on α-copaene, (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and τ-muurolol. The concentration of α-copaene (1.26–1.83% range of the total oil), (E)-caryophyllene (31–41%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4–11.8%), and τ-muurolol (1.3–2.8%) were the highest at 2–3 pair of leaves or before flowering and lower at flowering. The harvest stage did not significantly affect the concentrations of the other six identified EO compounds β-bourbonene (1.1%), α-humulene (2.8%), germacrene D (23.3%), bicyclogermacrene (2.85%), δ-cadinene (1.1%), and spathulenol (2.8%). In a separate experiment, grinding of the biomass prior to EO extraction had a significant effect only on the concentrations of D-limonene (0.24–3.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (3.6–9.1%). Grinding in water or without water, maceration, and addition of Tween®20 had rather small effects on the EO profile. The identified EO constituents and their mean concentrations in this experiment were (E)-caryophyllene (25.4%), germacrene D (17.6%), caryophyllene oxide (9.1%), spathulenol (6.5%), τ-muurolol (5.0%), carvacrol (3.9%), α-copaene (2.5%), β-bourbonene (2.5%), δ-cadinene (2.4%), α-humulene (1.8%), and Z-β-farnesene (1.3%). Embryological studies observed anther and the development of the male gametophyte and ovule and development of the female gametophyte of M. friwaldskyanum. Furthermore, pollen and seed viability assays were conducted, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of an extract from shoots revealed the presence of 45 natural products, identified as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and (tri)terpenoids. Overall, the phytochemistry and some of the microscopic analyses distinguished this endemic species from other species in Marrubium.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Croton bonplandianus from India

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Croton bonplandianus Baill. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 37 compounds have been identified, representing 96.2% of the total oil. The main constituents were identified as β-caryophyllene (16.7%), germacrene D (14.7%), borneol (8.3%), Z-β-damascenone (6.(%), isobornyl acetate (6.2%), α-humulene (6.1%), germacrene A (5.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60.1%).

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Centaurea Sicana and C. Giardinae Growing Wild in Sicily

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Formisano ◽  
Daniela Rigano ◽  
Felice Senatore ◽  
Maurizio Bruno ◽  
Sergio Rosselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oils of Centaurea sicana (S) and C. giardinae (G) were studied by GC and GC-MS. Thirty constituents for S, representing 81.5% of the total oil, and 24 compounds for G (94.2% of the total) were identified. The oils were rich in sesquiterpenoids (47.9% for S and 54.7% for G) and hydrocarbons (25.9% for S and 31.7% for G). Germacrene D (13.3%), ( E)-β-farnesene (8.3%), nonacosane (7.3%), heptacosane (6.5%) and phytol (6%) were recognized as the main constituents for S, while caryophyllene oxide (17.7%), nonacosane (14.5%), germacrene D (11.5%), caryophyllene (11.2%) and heptacosane (10.3%) were the main compounds for G.

scholarly journals Volatile Components of Two Endemic Species from the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy), Centaurea Arachnoidea and C. Montis-Borlae (Asteraceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
Lucia Viegi ◽  
Mirko Boracchia ◽  
Roberto Cecotti ◽  
Aldo Tava
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Apuan Alps

The volatile fractions of Centaurea arachnoidea and C. montis-borlae, two endemic species growing wild in the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy), were isolated by steam distillation from fresh leaves and flowerheads, and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The yield of essential oil ranged from 0.01% to 0.09% of fresh material. A wide variety of volatile compounds was detected in the examined plant species and organs, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. Sesquiterpenes were the major constituents, ranging from 18.9% to 73.2% of the total oil. Alcohols (1.6-25.8%), aldehydes (1.5-12.0%), hydrocarbons (1.8-11.9%), acids (0.2-25.4%), esters (0.2-1.3%), monoterpenes (0.7-1.4%), and miscellaneous compounds (0.6-2.6%), were also detected in variable amounts in all different sample tissues. A series of unidentified compounds was also isolated from the two species, both in leaves and flowerheads, accounting for 2.4-6.7% of the total oil. According to MS spectral data, these substances were likely to be polyunsaturated compounds; moreover, they appear to be species-specific, as their presence was only detected in either one or the other Centaurea species.

scholarly journals Compositional Comparison of Essential Oils Extracted from Flowers and Aerial Parts of Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong Harvested in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 2438-2442
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Ngoc Mai ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Van ◽  
Chu Quang Truyen ◽  
Tran Dinh Thang ◽  
Tran Quoc Toan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Aromatic Ketone ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Important Chemical ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong is a plant contains an essential oil characterized by an important chemical transformation. Essential oils were isolated from Elsholtzia winitiana var. dongvanensis Phuong flowers and aerial parts by hydrodistillation and analyzed for chemical constituents by GC-MS. Twenty-two components accounting for 99.99% of the total oil of flowers and twenty-three components accounting for 98.72 % of the total oil of aerial parts were identified. The composition of the essential oil contains aldehyde, aromatic ketone, monoterpenoid and secquiterpenoid. Major components found in two essential oil samples were andehyde, terpenoid, ketone benzaldehyde, germacrene D, E-caryphyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Moreover, essential oil sample isolated from flowers and aerial parts of E. winitiana var. dongvannensis was dominated by the high content of rosefuran (75.67%) and rosefuran epoxide (71.33%), respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Myorelaxant, Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of Rabdosia rugosus Wall. (Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Prakash Singh, Ravendra Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash, Anil Kumar Pant ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Valary A. Isidorov, Lech Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

For the present investigation Rabdosia rugosus Wall. Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.  was collected from Pancheshwar, Uttarakhand on the way to Badrinath. The GC and GC-MS analysis, revealed the presence of more than forty compounds out of which 35 compounds were identified amounting to 97.3% of the total oil. The essential oil of R. rugosus was rich in sesquiterpinoids (~90%) and was poor in monoterpenoids (8.1%). α-bisabolol (41.9%) was the major constituent of the oil and the other identified major compounds were germacrene-D (9.7%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%), dehydroabietane (5.2%), ar-curcumene (5.0), trans-ferruginol (3.3%) α-cadinol (3.2%), τ-muurolol (2.3%),   p-Cymene (3.2%) and  γ-terpinene (2.0%). The  essential  oil  of  Rabdosia rugosus showed insignificant  anti-inflammatory  and  analgesic  activity  but  shows  significant  antipyretic,   myorelaxant and  antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Constituents of essential oils from leaves and seeds of Laurus nobilis L.: A chemotaxonomic approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-901
Author(s):  
Omer Elkiran ◽  
Emel Akbaba ◽  
Eyup Bagci
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Total Oil

In the present study, chemical compositions of essential oils from seeds and leaves of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) were evaluated using GC-GC/MS system. Sixty nine different compounds were identified constituting 86.7% of the total oil from the seed, while 76 compounds were determined, constituting 95.8% of the total oil extracted from the leaves. The major compounds of essential oil from laurel seeds included eucalyptol (17.2%), α-terpinyl acetate (9.0%), caryophyllene oxide (6.1%), spathulenol (5.0%) and methyl eugenol (4.2%), constituting 41.5% of the total oil. However, eucalyptol (18.0%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.1%), sabinene (7.8%), α-pinene (4.5%), 2 (4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N,2-trimethyl-1-pyrroline (4.4%) were identified as the major compounds in the oil from laurel leaves, constituting 47.8% of the total oil. Eucalyptol and α- terpinyl acetate, belonging to monoterpenoids, were determined in the highest concentrations within both oils. However, the other principle compounds differ between the two volatile oils.

scholarly journals Embryological features, pollen and seed viability of Arnica montana (Asteraceae) – a threatened endemic species in Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova ◽  
Petka Yurukova-Grancharova ◽  
Georgi Baldjiev ◽  
Antonina Vitkova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Embryological Study ◽  
Mature Pollen ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction ◽  
Arnica Montana ◽  
High Viability

Abstract The embryological features, mode of reproduction and reproductive capacity (pollen and seed viability) on two naturalized populations of Arnica montana in Bulgaria were studied. The embryological study shows that A. montana is a facultative apomictic species in which sexual reproduction predominates. In this species, it was established that there is a comparatively high viability of the mature pollen and embryos, which enables the successful realization of its reproductive capacity. The results of the study on A. montana reveal that both sexual and asexual vegetative reproduction with rhizomes undoubtedly play more important roles than the apomixis (namely diplospory) for support and preservation of the populations.

scholarly journals Aspidiotus bornmuelleri Lindinger, 1911, rev. comb. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), a neglected endemic species from Macaronesia, with comments on the genus Cryptophyllaspis, and further notes on the scale insect fauna of Canary Islands, Spain

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4300 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPINA PELLIZZARI ◽  
FRANCESCO PORCELLI
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Taxonomic History

Cryptophyllaspis bornmuelleri (Lindinger) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an endemic plant-galling species from the Canary Islands, has been re-collected in Tenerife. The galls induced by this species on Globularia salicina leaves and the diaspidid adult female are redescribed and illustrated. Detailed study of the species has resulted in the combination Aspidiotus bornmuelleri Lindinger being revived, with C. bornmuelleri sunk as a junior synonym. Its taxonomic history, and comments on the genus Cryptophyllaspis and the other species pertaining to it, are reported. Further data on the scale insect fauna of Canary Islands are also presented. 

scholarly journals Seed germination requirements of Hypericum scruglii, an endangered medicinal plant species of Sardinia (Italy)

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
Martina Sanna ◽  
Sara Serra ◽  
Maria Manconi ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Germination Requirements

Hypericum scruglii Bacch., Brullo & Salmeri is an endangered endemic plant of Sardinia, and the phloroglucinol compounds identified in this species have been reported to inhibit the activity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Seed banks are a genetic repository that effectively preserve taxa of conservation interest, and they hold knowledge about the biology and germination ecophysiology of the taxa they preserve. The main goals of this study were to investigate the germination requirements for H. scruglii, to evaluate the seed viability after eight years of long-term conservation and to suggest an efficient protocol for germination. Seeds stored at –25 °C in the seed bank were tested at temperatures from 5 to 30 °C and 25/10 °C. Base temperature (Tb) and thermal time (θ50) for germination were estimated. Seeds of H. scruglii germinated over a wide range of temperatures, responding positively to high temperatures and 25/10 °C. Tb was estimated at 4.92 °C, and θ50 was estimated at 198.27 degree days. The high viability detected in seeds of H. scruglii allows us to suggest the use of seeds stored in a seed bank when fresh material for plant propagation is scarce. Our results provide new and useful baseline information for implementing conservation and multiplication strategies for this endangered medicinal plant.

scholarly journals The critical condition of hutias in Cuba

Oryx ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Berovides Alvarez ◽  
Antonio Comas González
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Critical Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Range ◽  
Grave Danger

Cuba is home for 10 endemic species of hutia. Three of these have become scarce, or extinct, in some parts of their historical range, but remain sufficiently abundant elsewhere to make their conservation of no immediate concern. Of the other seven species, one is believed to be extinct and the rest are in grave danger. The pressures they face include capture by man, competition with introduced rats and destuction of their habitat. Urgent measures are required if these species are to survive.

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