scholarly journals Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Miguel Bento ◽  
Sónia Gomes Pereira ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Varietal Diversity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
High Level

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.

scholarly journals Methods for the development of the initial material in the process of winter durum wheat breeding and their efciency

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
T. S. Makarova ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
О. А. Kostylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Level

The success in development of winter durum wheat varieties with a high adaptability to abio- and biotic stress conditions, large and stable productivity is usually determined by the diversity of initial material and methods for its preparation. The most efective method to develop genetic variability among winter durum wheat varieties and other grain crops is hybridization (intraspecifc, interspecifc, and intergeneric). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the breeding material obtained in the breeding process among intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids of diferent types of hybridization according to the main economically valuable traits and properties and to identify a more efective method/type of hybridization. The object of the study was 28 breeding lines of durum winter wheat identifed from the following types of hybridization: the 1st type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired and gradual), 7 samples; the 2nd  type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired), 3 samples; the 3rd  type was F1  (T. winter durum x. T. winter  durum) x T. winter durum, 4 samples; the 4th  type was T. winter aestivum x T. winter durum (direct and reverse), 7 samples; the 5th  type  was F1  (T. winter aestivum x. T. winter durum) x T. winter durum (triple), 7 samples. According to the comparative study results of  breeding material of intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids, it has been found that intraspecifc paired and gradual hybridization, which  provided high productivity and grain quality was a more efective method for developing of winter durum wheat varieties. The rest  types of crossings, primarily interspecifc, could be helpful to obtain initial material with a high level of winter tolerance, resistance to lodging and diseases, for their further use in intraspecifc gradual hybridization.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puccio ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Alfonso S. Frenda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals USING MIXOGRAPH PARAMETERS AND SOME QUALITY PROPERTIES IN SELECTION OF DURUM WHEAT GENOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Seydi Aydogan ◽  
Aysun Gocmen Akcacik
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
B Value ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Wheat Lines

This research was carried out in order to determine some chemical, physical and rheological (mixograph) traits of 4 standard durum wheat varieties and 11 durum wheat lines in 2015-2016 under irrigated conditions in Gözlü and Central location of Konya according to randomized block design with three replications. Means of quality parameters varied for thousand kernel weight (30.26-38.45 g), protein ratio (12.94-14.77%), SDS sedimentation (13.75-29.75 ml), color (b value) (20.45-23.35), mixograph development time (1.55-3.79 min), peak height (46.47-81.38%), softening (slope) (6.46-28.85 min/%), peak width (2.19-15.13%), peak area (54-165 Nm) and total area (energy) (236-407 Nm). Significant differences were found between wheat varieties in terms of examined features. Durum wheat lines having weak, strong and very strong gluten were identified in this research. Keywords: Wheat breeding, landraces, genetic structure, semolina, dough traits, gluten index, mixograph parameters.

scholarly journals Assessment of grain protein composition in old and modern Italian durum wheat genotypes

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. De Santis ◽  
Marcella M. Giuliani ◽  
Luigia Giuzio ◽  
Pasquale De Vita ◽  
Zina Flagella
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Technological Quality

The effect of durum wheat breeding on technological quality was mainly investigated in relation to allelic polymorphism, in particular for glutenins, while fewer information are available on the changes in grain protein proportion. In the present investigation, an old and a modern group of durum wheat genotypes, grown in Mediterranean environment, were evaluated for grain protein composition, according to Osborne extraction procedure. In modern genotypes, a higher relative content of soluble glutenin was observed which might contribute to their better technological performance. Moreover, a slight decrease both in the amount of gliadin fraction, mainly responsible for gluten related disorders, and in the monomeric to polymeric protein ratio was observed in the modern durum wheat varieties. Among the genotypes investigated, Svevo and Saragolla, showed the lowest gliadin and the highest glutenin content, while the old genotypes Cappelli showed an opposite behaviour.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE DURUM VARIETIES (TRITICUM DURUM) ON THE ELEMENTS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PLASTICITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
M. N. Kiryakova ◽  
M. G. Evdokimov ◽  
V. S. Yusov ◽  
D. A. Glushakov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wheat Varieties

In Western Siberia, during the laboratory studies of the durum wheat breeding in the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in 2015-2018 the productivity of durum wheat varieties from the nursery of ecological variety testing was studied. Scientific data on the elements of the crop structure are presented, depending on the agrometeorological conditions of the growing season. Years of research in Omsk were quite contrasting in terms of temperature and moisture supply. Durum wheat productivity was estimated by ripeness groups and correlative interconnections were revealed by productivity elements. The conditions of the growing season significantly affected the productivity of durum wheat. The productive bushiness varied slightly from year to year during the research. The density of the stalk has increased to two productive stems in some species in 2018. There was also found an increase in the spike content of the spike up to 30 pcs in 2018. A correlation between the number of grains in an ear and the grain weight of the main ear was established. A reliable interconnection between productivity and the grain mass of the main ear was observed. The grain weight of the main spike varied between 1.1-1.6 g. Oazis and Omsk emerald were distinguished by all productivity indicators. It was found that most of the studied species formed a high yield in 2018 and the lowest in 2016 with a lack of moisture during harvest. In the course of research, the most productive and plastic species were identified by a number of characteristics. The Omsk emerald species has a high productivity potential and it is resistant to sharp weather  conditions. The calculation of ecological plasticity showed that the species Pamyati Chekhovich and Oasis are most responsive to changing growing conditions, but more demanding on agricultural technology. For cultivation in Omsk region farms the species Omsk Amber, Omsk Steppe, and Pearl of Siberia can be recommended.

scholarly journals Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Umberto Anastasi ◽  
Michele Bizzini ◽  
Stefania Montemagno ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Abstract Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. A strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named “Bufala”, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and used for the production of a traditional bread type locally appreciated. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect pattern of diversity for 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was than conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both “Bufala” and “Bufala-related” rivet landraces. To the third group old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed as “Bufala” genotypes are characterized by lower ear density compared with the other studied genotypes, a major ear length and a later earing time. The generated knowledge about the levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution for parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs in order to define a plant ideotype suitable for low-input and organic cropping systems, as well as for germplasm conservation and management.

scholarly journals Molecular Similarity Relationships Among Iranian Bread Wheat Cultivars and Breeding Lines Using ISSR Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza DARVISHZADEH ◽  
Iraj BERNOUSI
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dice Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Information Index ◽  
High Level

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to characterize and assess genetic diversity of Iranian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using 101 cultivars and breeding lines. Twenty-three ISSR primers amplified a total of 267 loci, of which 224 (83.9%) were polymorphic among the genotypes. The percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) for primers ranged from 54% (UBC808) to 100% (441, A12 and UBC820). The mean of expected heterozygosity (He) for the primers varied from 0.26 (UBC808, UBC827 and A14) to 0.48 (A12, 441). The PPL, He, Shannon’s information index (I), and number of effective alleles (Ne) for breeding lines were slightly higher than those of cultivars. The Dice similarity coefficient for the germplasm ranged from 0.76 (between two breeding lines) to 0.91 (between two breeding lines). The dendrogram grouped samples in four main clusters; most cultivars were placed into the same cluster close to each other with regard to their geographic origin. The genotypes in different groups might be used as potential parents in bread wheat breeding programs. Also, a high level of genetic similarity detected in this collection may demonstrate the narrow genetic base of Iranian wheat germplasm.

scholarly journals Genetic and Morpho-Agronomic Characterization of Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Germplasm

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Angelo Sicilia ◽  
Umberto Anastasi ◽  
Michele Bizzini ◽  
Stefania Montemagno ◽  
Carmelo Nicotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. One strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named Bufala, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and characterized by adaptability in terms of cold tolerance, ability to grow in marginal soils, weed competitiveness and resistance to diseases. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect patterns of diversity in 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was then conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both Bufala and Bufala-related rivet landraces. To the third group, old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed that Bufala genotypes are characterized by lower ear density, major ear length and later earing time compared with the other studied genotypes. The levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution to parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs, as well as to germplasm conservation and management.

scholarly journals PROBABILITY OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN FORMATION WITH SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN IN THE STEPPES OF ORENBURG URAL REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Тимошенкова ◽  
Tatyana Timoshenkova ◽  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Wheat Form ◽  
Selection Of

Analysis of the technological qualities of spring wheat grain showed, that high-natural grain can be obtained from the varieties of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov breeding - 62.5% of years. All studied varieties of spring durum wheat form high-natural grains of 87.5% years. Grain with high glassiness is characteristic to varieties of spring wheat of Samara breeding of 75.0% years and Orenburg and Saratov breeding - 87.5% years. High glassiness grain of spring durum wheat varities of Samara and Saratov breeding constitute 87.5% of the years, and the Orenburg selection of 100% of the years. Grain, which protein content is greater than 14% or more in Orenburg steppe, was formed only by varieties of soft wheat Orenburg breeding and Ukrainian durum wheat breeding in years of 12.5%. Grain, corresponding to 1 class by the content of gluten, in our experiments was obtained from following varieties: soft wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov - in 62.5% of the years; durum wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 25.0% of the years, and Ukrainian - 62.5% years. The investigation of soft wheat varieties form grain of I-III quality group and grade durum wheat - II-III quality group.

scholarly journals THE METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS’ PART IN WINTER DURUM WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
O. A. Dubinina ◽  
A. P. Samofalov ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties

In the regions of insufficient and unstable moisture, hydrothermal conditions are the main natural factors that determine the level of crop productivity. The purpose of our study was to identify the role of the main meteorological factors in the formation of winter durum wheat productivity at different periods of its growth and development. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2003–2014. The objects of the study were winter durum wheat varieties and breeding lines of competitive variety testing, sown in black fallow, in four replications, with a plot area of 25 m². The current paper presents the analysis results of the average daily temperature, precipitation, hydrothermal index (HTI) by the periods of winter durum wheat growth and development through the years of study, average varietal productivity for each year. It has been established that the characteristic features of the studied years are a temperature rise, especially in the pre-sowing and sowing periods, during the wintering period and the resumption of spring vegetation, and irregular precipitation, their shift in the fall from November to October, in the winter from February to January, in the spring from April to March, and its decrease or absence during the active growing season. The conducted correlation analysis between main meteorological factors and productivity showed a decisive role of the temperature regime in winter durum wheat productivity formation. It turned out to be less significant in relation to precipitation. This indicates that winter durum wheat productivity does not depend on the total amount of precipitation, but on its distribution, moisture presence in soil, and temperature. According to the analysis of the main meteorological factors, their connection with productivity, there have been identified positive and negative points in the ontogenesis of winter durum wheat associated with climate change, which must be taken into account in breeding and growing technology. There have been determined the main objectives for winter durum wheat breeding, aimed at improving such adaptive properties as drought resistance, heat resistance, especially at the initial stages of growth and development, winter tolerance, disease and pest resistance occurred due to climate change (septorisis, pyrenophorosis, bacteriosis and fusarium of heads and kernels).

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