scholarly journals Phytotoxic Activity and Identification of Phytotoxic Substances from Schumannianthus dichotomus

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuzur Rob ◽  
Kawsar Hossen ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Methyl Syringate

The phytotoxic potential of plants and their constituents against other plants is being increasingly investigated as a possible alternative to synthetic herbicides to control weeds in crop fields. In this study, we explored the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of Schumannianthus dichotomus, a perennial wetland shrub native to Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Leaf extracts of S. dichotomus exerted strong phytotoxicity against two dicot species, alfalfa and cress, and two monocot species, barnyard grass and Italian ryegrass. A bioassay-driven purification process yielded two phenolic derivatives, syringic acid and methyl syringate. Both constituents significantly inhibited the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the shoot and root growth of cress were 75.8 and 61.3 μM, respectively, for syringic acid, compared with 43.2 and 31.5 μM, respectively, for methyl syringate. Similarly, to suppress the shoot and root growth of Italian rye grass, a greater amount of syringic acid (I50 = 213.7 and 175.9 μM) was needed than methyl syringate (I50 = 140.4 to 130.8 μM). Methyl syringate showed higher phytotoxic potential than syringic acid, and cress showed higher sensitivity to both substances. This study is the first to report on the phytotoxic potential of S. dichotomus and to identify phytotoxic substances from this plant material.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Activity ofOcimum tenuiflorumExtracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Plant Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Phytotoxic activity ofOcimum tenuiflorum(Lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (Phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. The plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1reduced significantly the total germination percent (GP), germination index (GI), germination energy (GE), speed of emergence (SE), seedling vigour index (SVI), and coefficient of the rate of germination (CRG) of all test species except barnyard grass and GP of lettuce. In contrast, time required for 50% germination (T50) and mean germination time (MGT) were increased at the same or higher than this concentration. The increasing trend ofT50and MGT and the decreasing trend of other indices indicated a significant inhibition or delay of germination of the test species byO. tenuiflorumplant extracts and vice versa. In addition, the shoot and root growth of all test species were significantly inhibited by the extracts at concentrations greater than 10 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. TheI50values for shoot and root growth were ranged from 26 to 104 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL−1. Seedling growth was more sensitive to the extracts compared to seed germination. Results of this study suggest thatO. tenuiflorumplant extracts have phytotoxic properties and thus contain phytotoxic substances. Isolation and characterization of those substances from this plant may act as a tool for new natural, biodegradable herbicide development to control weeds.

scholarly journals Genotypic differences in response to Hygromycin effect on untransformed calli death and rice germination

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanaz Sultana ◽  
Chai Ling Ho ◽  
Parameswari Namasivayam ◽  
Suhaimi Napis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Selection Of

Hygromycin is an efficient selective agent in transformation studies of wide ranges of crop. In this study, different concentrations of hygromycin were used to observe the effect on untransformed calli death, percent germination and seedling growth of three rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) viz BRRI dhan29, MR219 and Taipei309. Hygromycin killed the untransformed calli and inhibited the germination of tested varieties in a concentration dependent manner. Among the tested varieties, the lowest and the highest calli death was observed in MR219 and Taipei309 respectively in all the concentrations of hygromycin. Whereas, the highest and the lowest percent germination were observed in MR219 and Taipei309 respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selection of calli were calculated as 42, 40 and 47 mg/L hygromycin for BRRI dhan29, MR219 and Taipei309 respectively. During germination, 35, 62 and 32 mg/L hygromycin were suitable for the selection of BRRI dhan29, MR219 and Taipei 309 respectively. Shoot and root growth reduction after germination was increased with the increased concentration of hygromycin. Besides, root growth was more sensitive to hygromycin than the shoot. These results suggest that hygromycin increases calli death, decreases percent germination, and shoot and root growth in all varieties with the increasing rate of hygromycin. But these characteristics vary with different degrees in different genotypes as well as different stages.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 38-43

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3542
Author(s):  
Ramida Krumsri ◽  
Kaori Ozaki ◽  
Toshiaki Teruya ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Seedling Length

Phytotoxic substances released from plants are considered eco-friendly alternatives for controlling weeds in agricultural production. In this study, the leaves of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. were investigated for biological activity, and their active substances were determined. Extracts of A. xylocarpa leaf exhibited concentration-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seedling length of Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. xylocarpa leaf extracts led to isolating and identifying two compounds: vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid. Both compounds were applied to four model plants using different concentrations. The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the model plants’ seedling length in a species-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The phytotoxic effects of trans-ferulic acid (IC50 = 0.42 to 2.43 mM) on the model plants were much greater than that of vanillic acid (IC50 = 0.73 to 3.17 mM) and P. pratense was the most sensitive to both compounds. In addition, the application of an equimolar (0.3 mM) mixture of vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid showed the synergistic effects of the phytotoxic activity against the root length of P. pratense and L. sativum. These results suggest that the leaves of A. xylocarpa and its phytotoxic compounds could be used as a natural source of herbicides.

scholarly journals Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber III ◽  
Paul M. White Jr ◽  
Dwight L. Myers ◽  
James W. Shrefler ◽  
Merritt J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
The Impact

<p>The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of kenaf (<em>Hibiscus cannabinus</em> L.) plant extracts on the post-germination growth of five plant species. Four concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3 and 66.7 g/L) of kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts were applied to the germinated seeds of redroot pigweed (<em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em> L.), green bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.), tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum </em>Mill.), cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus</em> L.), and Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em> Lam.). After 7 days, the developing seedlings were measured to determine the length of their hypocotyls (mm) and radicles (mm), and the number of hair roots. Tomato, Italian ryegrass, and redroot pigweed followed similar negative trends in their responses to the extract source (kenaf bark, core, and leaves) and the impact of extract concentration, whereas, cucumber had a mixed response and green bean reacted positively to the kenaf extracts. Tomato was the most sensitive species tested across all kenaf extracts and concentrations, resulting in decreased hypocotyl, radicle, and root growth. Green bean exhibited no negative effects due to the kenaf extracts, but actually produced increased hypocotyl growth as a result of the kenaf bark, core, and leaf extracts. The kenaf extracts resulted in a mixed response for cucumber. The kenaf leaf and bark extract decreased cucumber radicle growth, whereas, the bark and core extracts increased hypocotyl growth. Italian ryegrass hypocotyl growth decreased across all extract sources (bark, core, and leaf), while the leaf extract also reduced root growth. All kenaf extracts reduced redroot pigweed radicle growth, while the core and leaf extracts reduced hypocotyl growth. The research demonstrated that kenaf leaf extracts were the most allelopathic and the hypocotyls were the most sensitive. Future research should isolate the chemicals responsible for both the negative and positive allelopathic impact on the various plant species, determine if the extracts will influence more mature plants, and pursue cultural practices to utilize these natural allelopathic materials to benefit crop production and limit weed competition.</p>

Influence of BAS-145138 on the Activity of Sulfonylurea and Imidazolinone Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 939-944
Author(s):  
Robert M. Devlin ◽  
Irena I. Zbiec
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

This study demonstrates that corn can be partially safened by BAS-145138 against sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The corn seeds were impregnated with BAS-145138 by soaking the seeds for 6 h in solutions of the safener. BAS-145138 had no effect on corn growth. However, corn shoot and root growth in length, fresh weight, and dry weight was partially protected by BAS-145138 from the phytotoxic effects of the sulfonylurea herbicides thiameturon and CGA -136872. Similar protection was given to corn against the phytotoxic activity of the imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. This study suggests that corn could be safened with BAS-145138 against the phytotoxic effects of residual amounts of sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides found in fields where wheat/corn or soybean/corn rotations take place.

scholarly journals Allelopathic inhibition of germination, seedling growth and cell division of selected plant species by Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Farrukh Hussain ◽  
Aneela Rasool ◽  
Khalid Aziz ◽  
Sapna Raisham ◽  
Sajid Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Test Species

Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. is perennial medicinal obnoxious shrub growing in Pakistan up to 1500 m altitude. Hot and water aqueous extracts from leaves and young stems of C. procera were used against Pennisetum glaucum (Linn.) R. Br., Setaria italica (Linn.) P. Beauv., Brassica campestris Linn. and Lactuca sativa L. under laboratory condition. It was seen that germination, seedling growth, fresh and dry biomass reduced in concentration dependent manner. It was observed that the allelopathic effects depended upon the tested species, growth parameter measured, soaking duration and concentration of the donor plant material. The C. procera litter incorporated into the growth medium inhibited the test species used. The C. procera extracts from leaves were more inhibitory than stem extracts. The tendency of inhibition was radical growth > germination > plumule growth suggesting radicle growth to be a better measure of allelopathy. Leaf extracts significantly reduced division and size of cells. It is suggested that aqueous extract from C. procera can be further assessed against microbes and weed under laboratory and field condition.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive Effects and Antioxidant Capacity of Combined Leaf Extracts of Sesamum angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl. and Hibiscus articulatus on Rhabdomyosarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton E. Siamayuwa ◽  
Loveness K. Nyanga ◽  
Cathrine Chidewe
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Rd Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity Assays ◽  
Increased Activity

Sesamum angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl. and Hibiscus articulatus contain compounds that have antimutagenic properties. The rise in rhabdomyosarcoma in paediatrics and prognosis of the disease in infants compared to adults calls for newer, less toxic alternatives in treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the anticancer activity and antioxidant capacity of combined leaf extracts of Sesamum angustifolium (Oliv.) Engl. and Hibiscus articulatus (SAHA), against rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) using rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line and mouse (L20B) cell line. Cytotoxicity, morphology, apoptosis induction, and antioxidant capacity assays were done. Of the four solvents used for extraction, the dichloromethane SAHA extract was the most cytotoxic with IC50 of 106 μg/mL after doxorubicin, the reference anticancer drug with IC50 of 0.8 μg/mL. The SAHA extracts had a stronger cytotoxicity effect on the cancerous RD cells than on normal L20B cells. Morphological assessment showed untreated cells maintained their normal striated appearance of muscle cells whereas cells treated with doxorubicin or SAHA extracts exhibited cell shrinkage, loss of surface adherence, reduced cell density along with cell debris, which is a characteristic of apoptosis. Normal L20B cells when treated with doxorubicin or SAHA extracts, maintained their cell shape, and remained adherent to the surface. The apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 was induced in a concentration dependent manner upon treatment of the RD cells with SAHA extracts or doxorubicin. Induction of caspase-3 was ten times less in treated L20B cells compared to the RD cells. Low induction of caspase-9 enzyme was observed in both treated RD and L20B cells. Treatment of both RD and L20B cells with SAHA extracts or doxorubicin resulted in increased activity of peroxidase and reduction of oxidative stress. Results of the study show that the SAHA extracts are potential sources of compounds that may serve as useful agents for treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Herbicidal Activity of Three Sesquiterpene Lactones on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Their Possible Mode of Action

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil ◽  
Neama Abdel-Razeek ◽  
Salah A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Starting Point

Inhibitory effects of two sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and parthenolide, isolated from dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of southern magnolia and a parthenolide derivative, 1,10-epoxyparthenolide, were evaluated on germination and seedling growth of wild oat. The sesquiterpene lactones effected a significant reduction of seed germination, particularly at the highest concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1, with costunolide being the most active one. Furthermore, the three sesquiterpenes strongly inhibited root and shoot growth of the weed. However, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. Parthenolide inhibited growth of both root and shoot more strongly than the other compounds and a reference herbicide imazamethabenz. At a concentration of 100 mg L−1, parthenolide caused 87 and 41% growth inhibition of root and shoot, respectively. Parthenolide was tested for its effect on acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. The compound inhibited the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of 51.44 µM. The results of this study indicated that the herbicidal activity of the isolated sesquiterpene may be attributed to inhibition of ALS. The promising phytotoxic activity of sesquitepene lactones reported here could be considered a starting point for developing environmentally safer herbicides.

Response of Selected Grass and Broadleaf Species to Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Residues

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Charles T. Bryson ◽  
John D. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

Effects of cogongrass foliage and rhizome plus root residues on germination and shoot and root growth of barnyardgrass, bermudagrass, browntop millet, hemp sesbania, Italian ryegrass, and prickly sida were investigated in greenhouse experiments. Ground residues of dried cogongrass foliage and rhizomes plus roots were mixed separately with sterilized sand to obtain residue concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8%. These residue concentrations were investigated on bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass, and the 8% residue concentrations were also evaluated on hemp sesbania, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and browntop millet. Foliage and rhizome plus root residues at concentrations as low as 0.25% inhibited seed germination and shoot and root growth of all species except hemp sesbania. Germination of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass was reduced by as much as 97% and shoot and root growth by as much as 94% at the highest residue concentrations. Rhizome plus root residues reduced germination and shoot and root growth of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass more than foliage residues. Foliage and rhizome plus root residues reduced germination and shoot and root biomass of prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and browntop millet at similar levels. Results indicate that cogongrass tissue may contain allelochemicals that contribute to its invasiveness and extreme competitiveness.

scholarly journals Three Active Phytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves of Albizia richardiana (Voigt.) King and Prain for the Development of Bioherbicides to Control Weeds

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2385
Author(s):  
Kawsar Hossen ◽  
Kaori Ozaki ◽  
Toshiaki Teruya ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Albizia Richardiana ◽  
Global Population

The global population is increasing day by day. To meet the food demand for such a huge number of people, crop production must increase without damaging the environment, and to prevent synthetic chemical herbicides from polluting the environment, controlling weeds using bioherbicides is essential. Accordingly, using phytotoxic substances obtained from plants for biological weed management has attracted attention. The plant Albizia richardiana possesses phytotoxic compounds that have been previously recorded. Hence, we have conducted this research to characterize more phytotoxic compounds in Albizia richardiana. Aqueous methanolic extracts of Albizia richardiana plant significantly restricted the growth of the examined plants lettuce and Italian ryegrass in a species- and concentration-dependent manner. Three active phytotoxic compounds were isolated through various chromatographic methods and identified as compound 1, 2, and 3. Compound 3 exhibited stronger phytotoxic potentials than the other two compounds and significantly suppressed the growth of Lepidium sativum (cress). The concentration of the compounds required for 50% growth reduction (I50 value) of the Lepidium sativum seedlings ranged between 0.0827 to 0.4133 mg/mL. The results suggest that these three phytotoxic compounds might contribute to the allelopathic potential of Albizia richardiana.

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