scholarly journals Feeding Behavior and Virus-transmission Ability of Insect Vectors Exposed to Systemic Insecticides

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Garzo ◽  
Aránzazu Moreno ◽  
María Plaza ◽  
Alberto Fereres
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

The majority of plant viruses depend on Hemipteran vectors for their survival and spread. Effective management of these insect vectors is crucial to minimize the spread of vector-borne diseases, and to reduce crop damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various systemic insecticides on the feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae, as well as their ability to interfere with the transmission of circulative viruses. The obtained results indicated that some systemic insecticides have antifeeding properties that disrupt virus transmission by their insect vectors. We found that some of the tested insecticides significantly reduced phloem contact and sap ingestion by aphids and whiteflies, activities that are closely linked to the transmission of phloem-limited viruses. These systemic insecticides may play an important role in reducing the primary and secondary spread of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and turnip yellows virus (TuYV), transmitted by B. tabaci and M. persicae, respectively.

scholarly journals A proteomic approach reveals possible molecular mechanisms and roles for endosymbiotic bacteria in begomovirus transmission by whiteflies

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Kliot ◽  
Richard S Johnson ◽  
Michael J MacCoss ◽  
Svetlana Kontsedalov ◽  
Galina Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Q Biotype ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

Abstract Background Many plant viruses are vector-borne and depend on arthropods for transmission between host plants. Begomoviruses, the largest, most damaging and emerging group of plant viruses, infect hundreds of plant species, and new virus species of the group are discovered each year. Begomoviruses are transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex in a persistent-circulative manner. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating begomoviruses worldwide and causes major losses in tomato crops, as well as in many agriculturally important plant species. Different B. tabaci populations vary in their virus transmission abilities; however, the causes for these variations are attributed among others to genetic differences among vector populations, as well as to differences in the bacterial symbionts housed within B. tabaci. Results Here, we performed discovery proteomic analyses in 9 whitefly populations from both Middle East Asia Minor I (MEAM1, formerly known as B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype) species. We analysed our proteomic results on the basis of the different TYLCV transmission abilities of the various populations included in the study. The results provide the first comprehensive list of candidate insect and bacterial symbiont (mainly Rickettsia) proteins associated with virus transmission. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the proteomic signatures of better vector populations differ considerably when compared with less efficient vector populations in the 2 whitefly species tested in this study. While MEAM1 efficient vector populations have a more lenient immune system, the Q efficient vector populations have higher abundance of proteins possibly implicated in virus passage through cells. Both species show a strong link of the facultative symbiont Rickettsia to virus transmission.

scholarly journals Factors Determining Transmission of Persistent Viruses by Bemisia tabaci and Emergence of New Virus–Vector Relationships

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Ghosh ◽  
Murad Ghanim
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Persistent Viruses ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

Many plant viruses depend on insect vectors for their transmission and dissemination. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important virus vectors, transmitting more than four hundred virus species, the majority belonging to begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), with their ssDNA genomes. Begomoviruses are transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner, during which the virus breaches barriers in the digestive, hemolymph, and salivary systems, and interacts with insect proteins along the transmission pathway. These interactions and the tissue tropism in the vector body determine the efficiency and specificity of the transmission. This review describes the mechanisms involved in circulative begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci, focusing on the most studied virus in this regard, namely the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its closely related isolates. Additionally, the review aims at drawing attention to the recent knowhow of unorthodox virus—B. tabaci interactions. The recent knowledge of whitefly-mediated transmission of two recombinant poleroviruses (Luteoviridae), a virus group with an ssRNA genome and known to be strictly transmitted with aphids, is discussed with its broader context in the emergence of new whitefly-driven virus diseases.

scholarly journals Investigations of the mechanism of the transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors III. The insect’s saliva

1939 ◽  
Vol 127 (849) ◽  
pp. 526-543 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Transmission Characteristic ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Leaf Hopper

For the type of virus transmission characteristic of leaf hopper vectors, there is convincing evidence that the virus passes through the insect's body. The manner in which it emerges from the insect and comes to be inoculated into a plant is much less certainly known. It has generally been assumed that the saliva is the vehicle of the inoculation. For this assumption there is even now little direct evidence. I now describe observations on the excretion of saliva by a leafhopper and attempts to demonstrate experimentally in this saliva the virus of which this insect is a specific vector.

scholarly journals Dengue arbovirus affecting temperate Argentina province for more than a decade 2009-2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. López ◽  
Daniela I. Jordan ◽  
Evelyn Blatter ◽  
Elisabet Walker ◽  
Andrea A. Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Dengue disease is found in tropical and subtropical climates and within the last decade it has extended to temperate regions. Santa Fe, a temperate province in Argentina, has experienced an increase in dengue cases and virus circulation in the last decade, with the recent 2020 outbreak being the largest since dengue transmission was first reported in the province in 2009. The aim of this work is to perform a description of spatio-temporal fluctuations of dengue (DENV) cases from 2009 to the present in Santa Fe province. The data presented in this work provide a detailed description of dengue virus transmission for Santa Fe province by department. This information is useful to assist in better understanding the impact of ongoing dengue emergence in temperate regions across the world. Indeed, this work provides data useful for future studies including those investigating socio-ecological, climate, and environmental factors associated with dengue transmission, as well as those investigating other variables related to the biology and the ecology of vector-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Comparative plant transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis and Camelina infested with Myzus persicae aphids acquiring circulative and non-circulative viruses reveals virus- and plant-specific alterations relevant to aphid feeding behavior and transmission

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Chesnais ◽  
Victor Golyaev ◽  
Amadine Velt ◽  
Camille Rustenholz ◽  
Véronique Brault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Transmission Mode ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Aphid Vector

Background: Evidence accumulates that plant viruses alter host-plant traits in ways that modify their insect vectors' behavior. These alterations often enhance virus transmission, which has led to the hypothesis that these effects are manipulations caused by viral adaptation. However, the genetic basis of these indirect, plant-mediated effects on vectors and their dependence on the plant host and the mode of virus transmission is hardly known. Results: Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa plants infected with turnip yellows virus (TuYV) or cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and infested with the common aphid vector Myzus persicae revealed strong virus- and host-specific differences in the gene expression patterns. CaMV infection caused more severe effects on the phenotype of both plant hosts than did TuYV infection, and the severity of symptoms correlated strongly with the proportion of differentially expressed genes, especially photosynthesis genes. Accordingly, CaMV infection modified aphid behavior and fecundity stronger than did infection with TuYV. Conclusions: Overall, infection with CaMV — relying on the non-circulative transmission mode — tends to have effects on metabolic pathways with strong potential implications for insect-vector / plant-host interactions (e.g. photosynthesis, jasmonic acid, ethylene and glucosinolate biosynthetic processes), while TuYV — using the circulative transmission mode — alters these pathways only weakly. These virus-induced deregulations of genes that are related to plant physiology and defense responses might impact aphid probing and feeding behavior on both infected host plants, with potentially distinct effects on virus transmission. Keywords: Caulimovirus, polerovirus, aphid vector, transmission, feeding behavior, insect-plant interactions, transcriptome profiling, RNA-seq.

scholarly journals Application of Genomics for Understanding Plant Virus-Insect Vector Interactions and Insect Vector Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Daniel K. Hasegawa ◽  
Kai-Shu Ling ◽  
William M. Wintermantel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The relationships between plant viruses and their vectors have evolved over the millennia, and yet, studies on viruses began <150 years ago and investigations into the virus and vector interactions even more recently. The advent of next generation sequencing, including rapid genome and transcriptome analysis, methods for evaluation of small RNAs, and the related disciplines of proteomics and metabolomics offer a significant shift in the ability to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in virus infection and transmission by insect vectors. Genomic technologies offer an unprecedented opportunity to examine the response of insect vectors to the presence of ingested viruses through gene expression changes and altered biochemical pathways. This review focuses on the interactions between viruses and their whitefly or thrips vectors and on potential applications of genomics-driven control of the insect vectors. Recent studies have evaluated gene expression in vectors during feeding on plants infected with begomoviruses, criniviruses, and tospoviruses, which exhibit very different types of virus-vector interactions. These studies demonstrate the advantages of genomics and the potential complementary studies that rapidly advance our understanding of the biology of virus transmission by insect vectors and offer additional opportunities to design novel genetic strategies to manage insect vectors and the viruses they transmit.

scholarly journals Impact of Mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana Metabolic Pathways on Polerovirus Accumulation, Aphid Performance, and Feeding Behavior

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Bogaert ◽  
Aurélie Marmonier ◽  
Elodie Pichon ◽  
Sylvaine Boissinot ◽  
Véronique Ziegler-Graff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus

During the process of virus acquisition by aphids, plants respond to both the virus and the aphids by mobilizing different metabolic pathways. It is conceivable that the plant metabolic responses to both aggressors may be conducive to virus acquisition. To address this question, we analyze the accumulation of the phloem-limited polerovirus Turnip yellows virus (TuYV), which is strictly transmitted by aphids, and aphid’s life traits in six Arabidopsis thaliana mutants (xth33, ss3-2, nata1, myc234, quad, atr1D, and pad4-1). We observed that mutations affecting the carbohydrate metabolism, the synthesis of a non-protein amino acid and the glucosinolate pathway had an effect on TuYV accumulation. However, the virus titer did not correlate with the virus transmission efficiency. Some mutations in A. thaliana affect the aphid feeding behavior but often only in infected plants. The duration of the phloem sap ingestion phase, together with the time preceding the first sap ingestion, affect the virus transmission rate more than the virus titer did. Our results also show that the aphids reared on infected mutant plants had a reduced biomass regardless of the mutation and the duration of the sap ingestion phase.

scholarly journals Different Plant Viruses Induce Changes in Feeding Behavior of Specialist and Generalist Aphids on Common Bean That Are Likely to Enhance Virus Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis O. Wamonje ◽  
Ruairí Donnelly ◽  
Trisna D. Tungadi ◽  
Alex M. Murphy ◽  
Adrienne E. Pate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses

scholarly journals Co-Acquired Nanovirus and Geminivirus Exhibit a Contrasted Localization within Their Common Aphid Vector

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Di Mattia ◽  
Faustine Ryckebusch ◽  
Marie-Stéphanie Vernerey ◽  
Elodie Pirolles ◽  
Nicolas Sauvion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nuclear Shuttle Protein ◽  
Aphid Vector ◽  
Taxonomic Criterion ◽  
Alfalfa Leaf ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) plant viruses belong to the families Geminiviridae and Nanoviridae. They are transmitted by Hemipteran insects in a circulative, mostly non-propagative, manner. While geminiviruses are transmitted by leafhoppers, treehoppers, whiteflies and aphids, nanoviruses are transmitted exclusively by aphids. Circulative transmission involves complex virus–vector interactions in which epithelial cells have to be crossed and defense mechanisms counteracted. Vector taxa are considered a relevant taxonomic criterion for virus classification, indicating that viruses can evolve specific interactions with their vectors. Thus, we predicted that, although nanoviruses and geminiviruses represent related viral families, they have evolved distinct interactions with their vector. This prediction is also supported by the non-structural Nuclear Shuttle Protein (NSP) that is involved in vector transmission in nanoviruses but has no similar function in geminiviruses. Thanks to the recent discovery of aphid-transmitted geminiviruses, this prediction could be tested for the geminivirus alfalfa leaf curl virus (ALCV) and the nanovirus faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) in their common vector, Aphis craccivora. Estimations of viral load in midgut and head of aphids, precise localization of viral DNA in cells of insect vectors and host plants, and virus transmission tests revealed that the pathway of the two viruses across the body of their common vector differs both quantitatively and qualitatively.

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