Tumorous Stem Development of Brassica Juncea: A Complex Regulatory Network of Stem Formation and Identification of Key Genes in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis

Stem mustard is a stem variety of mustard, an important Brassica vegetable. The formation and development of the tumorous stem, which is the key organ for the direct yield and quality, is a complex biological process involving morphogenesis, material accumulation and gene regulation. In this study, we demonstrated through anatomical studies that stem swelling is mainly dependent on the increase in the number of cells and the volume of parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith. To further understand transcript and metabolic changes during stem swelling, we obtained 27,901 differentially expressed genes, of which 671 were specifically detected using transcriptome sequencing technology in all four stages of stem swelling. Functional annotation identified enrichment for genes involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, cell growth, sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Glucosinolates are a group of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which largely exist in the Cruciferous vegetables. HPLC analysis of the contents and components of glucosinolates in four different stem development stages revealed eight glucosinolates, namely, three aliphatic glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucoalyssin and gluconapin), four indole glucosinolates (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin) and one aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). All these types of glucosinolates showed a significant downward trend during the stem swelling period. The content of aliphatic glucosinolates was the highest, with sinigrin being the main component. In addition, qPCR was used to validate the expression of nine genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Most of these genes were down-regulated during stem swelling in qPCR, which is consistent with transcriptome data. These data provide a basic resource for further molecular and genetic research on Brassica juncea.

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Evaluation of effects of arsenic on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism in two contrasting varieties of Brassica juncea

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-013-1370-2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 3377-3389 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Varsha Pathare ◽

Sudhakar Srivastava ◽

Penna Suprasanna

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Sulfur Metabolism

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The Eruca sativa Genome and Transcriptome: A Targeted Analysis of Sulfur Metabolism and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Pre and Postharvest

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.525102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Luke Bell ◽

Martin Chadwick ◽

Manik Puranik ◽

Richard Tudor ◽

Lisa Methven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Metabolism ◽

Eruca Sativa ◽

Glucosinolate Biosynthesis ◽

Targeted Analysis

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Sequencing of sulfur metabolism gene promoters and identification of cadmium regulation in the promoter of a low affinity sulfate transporter from Brassica juncea

10.22215/etd/2009-09374 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Justin Kicks

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Sulfur Metabolism ◽

Gene Promoters ◽

Sulfate Transporter ◽

Metabolism Gene

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Genomic origin, expression differentiation and regulation of multiple genes encoding CYP83A1, a key enzyme for core glucosinolate biosynthesis, from the allotetraploid Brassica juncea

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-014-2205-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 241 (3) ◽

pp. 651-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Meenu ◽

Rehna Augustine ◽

Manoj Majee ◽

Akshay K. Pradhan ◽

Naveen C. Bisht

Keyword(s):

Brassica Juncea ◽

Glucosinolate Biosynthesis ◽

Multiple Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Key Enzyme

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DEVELOPMENT OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE MUSTARD

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-049 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 419-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

H. K. LOVE ◽

G. RAKOW ◽

J. P. RANEY ◽

R. K. DOWNEY

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Interspecific Cross ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Glucosinolate Content ◽

Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽

Plant Grown ◽

Type 3 ◽

Canola Quality ◽

Aliphatic Glucosinolate

The objective of this study was to develop low glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.). This was accomplished through an interspecific cross between an Indian type 3-butenyl glucosinolate containing B. juncea selection and a "Bronowski-gene(s)" containing low glucosinolate B. campestris L. followed by backcrossing to the B. juncea parent. Seed of BC1F2 plants, and selected plants of BC1F3 and BC1F4 generations were analyzed for glucosinolate content by gas chromatography. Total aliphatic glucosinolate contents of individual BC1F2 plants ranged from 57 to 204 μmol g−1 meal. A single BC1F3 plant grown from the BC1F2 plant with the lowest glucosinolate content, identified as 1058, was found to contain less than 1 μmol g−1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. The glucosinolate content in individual plants of the BC1F4 generation of plant 1058 ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 μmol g−1 meal. Field grown progeny of 1058 at three locations in 1987 and at one location in 1988 in Saskatchewan contained less than 10 μmol g−1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. Therefore, the low glucosinolate characteristic of selection 1058 can be considered genetically stable. Progeny of plant 1058 had plant morphology and seed coat reticulation of B. juncea, but poor fertility (< 5 seeds per pod). The development of this low glucosinolate plant is an achievement that should allow the breeding of canola quality oilseed B. juncea mustard.Key words: Mustard, glucosinolate, Brassica juncea, interspecific cross

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Phenotypic Stability Analysis for Seed Yield and its Associated Traits in Advanced Lines of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1011.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

Danisa Dube Th. Renuka Devi ◽

Ph. Ranjit Sharma N. B. Singh

Keyword(s):

Stability Analysis ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Phenotypic Stability ◽

Stability Parameters ◽

Gxe Interaction ◽

Main Component

Phenotypic Stability Analysis for Seed Yield and its Associated Traits In advanced lines of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)” was carried out to study the effects of different environments on seed yield and its associated traits, to estimate the magnitude of Genotype x Environment interaction and to find out the most stable and high yielding genotype among the selected lines of Indian mustard under different environments of different topography, soil texture and prevailing climatic conditions of Manipur. Fifteen genotypes were evaluated in 3 different locations (Andro, Iroisemba and Senapati) in RBD with 3 replications over two seasons viz; Rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20. The environment wise ANOVA revealed highly significant differences among all the genotypes studied for all the 11 characters of seed yield and its associated traits. The pooled ANOVA also indicated significant differences among the environments, genotypes as well as genotype by environment (GXE) interaction for all the traits. Genotype X Location interaction was observed as the main component for GXE interaction. Genotypes performed better in 2019-20 rabi season as compared to rabi 2018-19. Environment (E-5) i.e. Iroisemba, valley area was the best for expression of most of the characters studied. Stability Analysis using Eberhart and Russell indicated the significance of GXE (linear) for no. of siliqua/plant, no. of seeds/siliqua, siliqua length, no. of primary branches, no. of secondary branches, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to 80% maturity and 1000 seed weight except for plant height and seed yield per plot which shows the substantial amount of predictable G X E interaction for the expression of these characters in the selected genotypes. All the 15 genotypes were tested for 3 stability parameters, viz mean, bi and S2 di. The genotypes CAURMM-3, CAURMM-4, CAURM- 5, CAURM-4, PM- 25, CAURMM-1 and JM-1 were identified to be the high yielding and stable, hence they can be recommended for general cultivation under varied environments of Manipur. CAURM-1 CAURM-2, CAURM-3 had more stable characters although their yield was below the population mean, Therefore, proposed as promising genotypes for general cultivation under intensive input supply as they performed best in favourable environments, while NRCHB 101 found to be suitable for cultivation under poor environments.

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Sucrose synthase gene family in Brassica juncea: genomic organization, evolutionary comparisons, and expression regulation

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10878

Author(s):

Mengyao Li ◽

Qi He ◽

Ying Huang ◽

Ya Luo ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Sucrose Synthase ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Sucrose Metabolism ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Abiotic Stress Factors ◽

Stem Development

Sucrose synthase (SUS) plays an important role in sucrose metabolism and plant development. The SUS gene family has been identified in many plants, however, there is no definitive study of SUS gene in Brassica juncea. In this study, 14 SUS family genes were identified and comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The analyzed parameters included their family member characteristics, chromosomal locations, gene structures and phylogenetic as well as transcript expression profiles. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 14 members could be allocated into three groups: SUS I, SUS II and SUS III. Comparisons of the exon/intron structure of the mustard SUS gene indicated that its structure is highly conserved. The conserved structure is attributed to purification selection during evolution. Expansion of the SUS gene family is associated with fragment and tandem duplications of the mustard SUS gene family. Collinearity analysis among species revealed that the SUS gene family could be lost or mutated to varying degrees after the genome was doubled, or when Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra hybridized to form Brassica juncea. The expression patterns of BjuSUSs vary among different stages of mustard stem swelling. Transcriptomics revealed that the BjuSUS01-04 expression levels were the most elevated. It has been hypothesized that they play an important role in sucrose metabolism during stem development. The expression levels of some BjuSUSs were significantly up-regulated when they were treated with plant hormones. However, when subjected to abiotic stress factors, their expression levels were suppressed. This study establishes SUS gene functions during mustard stem development and stress.

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