scholarly journals Super Transition Arrays: A Tool for Studying Spectral Properties of Hot Plasmas

Plasma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-64
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Pain
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Extreme Uv ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Electronic Configurations ◽  
Transition Array

For the theoretical study of X and extreme-UV spectra of ions in plasmas, quantum mechanics brings more detailed results than statistical physics. However, it is impossible to handle individually the billions of levels that must be taken into account in order to properly describe hot plasmas. Such levels can be gathered into electronic configurations or superconfigurations (groups of configurations) and the corresponding calculations rely on appropriate statistical methods, for local or non-local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas. In this article we present the basic principles of the Super-Transition-Array approach as well as its practical implementation. During the last decades, calculations performed with the SCO code (Superconfiguration Code for Opacity) have been compared to opacity measurements. The code includes static screening of ions by plasma and is well suited for studying plasma density effects (for example pressure ionization) on opacity and equation of state. The recently developed SCO-RCG code (Superconfiguration Code for Opacity combined with Robert Cowan’s “G” subroutine) combines statistical methods from SCO and fine-structure (detailed-level-accounting) calculations using subroutine RCG from Cowan’s code. SCO-RCG enables us to obtain very detailed spectra and to significantly improve the interpretation of experimental spectra. The Super-Transition-Array formalism is still the cornerstone of several opacity codes, and new ideas are emerging, such as the Configurationally Resolved-Super-Transition-Array approach or the extension of the Partially Resolved-Transition-Array concept to the superconfiguration method.

scholarly journals The Sun and stars: Giving light to dark matter

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (37) ◽  
pp. 1440001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Casanellas ◽  
Ilídio Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
New Physics ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Stellar Interiors ◽  
Neutrino Fluxes ◽  
The Universe

During the last century, with the development of modern physics in such diverse fields as thermodynamics, statistical physics, and nuclear and particle physics, the basic principles of the evolution of stars have been successfully well understood. Nowadays, a precise diagnostic of the stellar interiors is possible with the new fields of helioseismology and astroseismology. Even the measurement of solar neutrino fluxes, once a problem in particle physics, is now a powerful probe of the core of the Sun. These tools have allowed the use of stars to test new physics, in particular the properties of the hypothetical particles that constitute the dark matter (DM) of the Universe. Here we present recent results obtained using this approach.

Have You Read …?

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Philip Peak
Keyword(s):  
Real Number ◽  
Rational Number ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Rational Numbers ◽  
Polynomial Equations ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Ideas

One of the basic principles we follow in our teaching is to relate new ideas with old ideas. Dr. Forbes has done just this in his article about extending the concept of rational numbers to real numbers. He points out how this extension cannot follow the same pattern as that of extensions positive to negative integers or from integers to rationals. If we look to a definition for motivating the extension we at best can only say, “Some polynomial equations have no rational number solutions and do have some real number solutions.” We might use least-upperbound idea, or we might try motivating through nonperiodic infinite decimals. However, Dr. Forbes rejects all of these and makes the tie-in through a geometric approach.

Whose Criminals Are These? Church, State, and Patronatos and the Rehabilitation of Female Convicts (Buenos Aires, 1890-1940)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila M. Caimari
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
School Crime ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
New Science ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Female Convicts ◽  
European Immigration

Turn-of-the century Argentine political leaders were deeply influenced by new ideas about the origin and treatment of criminality developed by the Italian positivist school of criminology. According to this school, crime was not the fruit of the criminal's wickedness, as classic penology had claimed, but was rather the result of a complex web of social and psycho-biological determinations of which the criminal had been a victim. This pathology called “crime” could be corrected if its origin was scientifically determined and if the new methods of rehabilitation prescribed for criminals and potential criminals were enforced. Although not all of the premises of the criminological school led by Lombroso, Ferri, and Garofalo were accepted uncritically in Argentina, the basic principles of the new science were widely adopted by jurists, doctors, hygienists and psychiatrists. These ideas were received in the context of massive European immigration, accelerated urbanization, and the emergence of a large working class.

scholarly journals Lawyers role in the development of the Belarusian legal terminology (1920s–1930s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
H. I. Kulesh
Keyword(s):  
Active Participation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Linguistic Ideology ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Science And Education

On the well-known jurists’ publications from the 1920s – 1930s their priority role in creating and streamlining Belarusian legal terminology in comparison with philologists’ role was identified. It shows the active participation in the Belarusization of legal science and education, except for the natives of Belarus, and legal specialists invited to work in the BSSR because of the lack of their own personnel. The features of practical implementation of basic principles of creating the dictionary of legal terminology developed by the Scientific and Terminology Commission under the People’s Commissariat of Education of the BSSR are clarified, changes in attitude to these principles during specified time are tracked depending on changes in linguistic ideology in the BSSR.

scholarly journals Antiplatelet therapy in stroke prevention after non-cardioembolic transient ischemic attack

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
A. V. Fonyakin ◽  
L. A. Geraskina ◽  
M. Yu. Maksimova
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Minor Ischemic Stroke ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Ischemic Attack

The review shows modern concepts on the role of antiplatelet therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients after non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). We present an analytical characteristic of all antiplatelet agents that have been studied in randomized controlled trials worldwide. We demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each agent in monotherapy and in combination. New ideas about the rationality of the use of combined antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid in the first 24 hours and no more than 90 days in patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA are discussed. The efficacy and safety of new antiplatelet agents are analyzed. The basic principles of choosing antiplatelet agents in patients after ischemic noncardioembolic stroke/TIA are outlined.

scholarly journals On practical application of Zubov’s optimal damping concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-315
Author(s):  
Evgeny I. Veremey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Optimal Damping ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Essential Connection ◽  
Significant Attention

This article presents some new ideas connected to nonlinear and nonautonomous control laws based on the application of an optimization approach. There is an essential connection between practical demands and the functionals to be minimized. This connection is at the heart of the proposed methods. The discussion is focused on the optimal damping concept first proposed by V. I. Zubov in the early 1960’s. Significant attention is paid to various modern aspects of the optimal damping theory’s practical implementation. Emphasis is given to the specific choice of the functional to be damped to provide the desirable stability and performance features of a closed-loop system. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach are confirmed by an illustrative numerical example.

scholarly journals The Community Initiative LEADER I and the implementation and results of the Hungarian Pilot LEADER programme in rural development

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba RuszkaiCDFMR ◽  
Tibor KovácsCDFMR
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Community Initiative ◽  
Territorial Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Action Groups

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present the basic methodological elements of the LEADER Community Initiative in rural development established in 1991 and its practical implementation in geography. The most important principle of the LEADER programme is the territorial approach and the appearance of local communities in a relevant subregional and landscape context. The determination and creation of a natural and cultural geographical framework is not at all an easy task, although the LEADER cautiously puts down basic principles and makes clear references to spatial definition of local action groups. The aim of LEADER I is to demonstrate the spatial segregation of these communities and to evolve a particular image and a kind of critical mass (population, resources) to build a relative self-sufficiency

scholarly journals To the problem of interpreting the genre of choral miniatures in the creation of Lesya Dichko (on the example of choral miniatures on poetic texts „Winter”, „Na chovni”, „Spring”)

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
І. М. Рябцева
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Choral Works ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Poetic Texts

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the genre ofUkrainian choral miniature and to identify the basic principles of theirimplementation in the choral works by Lesya Dychko. The purpose of thework determines the relevant tasks, which are in identifying the genrestyle landmarks of the musical language of L. Dichko, available in selectedchoral miniatures for poetic texts and, based on their analysis, outline anumber of immanent features inherent in the creativity of the composer.The methods of the research is formed by the using of empiricalapproaches of scientific investigation, namely observations, analyzes and generalizations, which allow the practical implementation of this studyingthemetic destination. The textological and semantic analytical approachesof the poetic text are also used in the work. The scientific novelty of thearticle is determined by the factor of primacy of the complex analysis ofselected choral miniatures from the standpoint of revealing immanentgenre-stylistic traits of L. Dychko’s creativity. Conclusions. The analysisof choral miniatures „Winter”, „Na chovni”, „Spring” on poetic textsallows to classify them as extremely bright, artistically expressiveexamples of modern interpretation of the genre with a relief display ofnationally characteristic stylistic features, which can be considered as anexample of the synthesis of neo-folklore neo-romantic orientation ofcreativity of L. Dychko. The choir miniature of Lesya Dychko is nowfirmly in the repertoire of numerous choirs of Ukraine. The composerforms a comprehensive outlook model of being in interaction with creativethinking. Her vision of the artistic text takes place at the same time in thedimension of literature, music and painting due to the constantinvolvement of elements of the visual arts vocabulary in her works,orientation to „painting”, and work with poetic images.

The Six Principles, Philosophy, and Applying Human Ethics to Animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Julian Savulescu
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Harm Principle ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Animal Research Ethics ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Human Ethics

Beauchamp and DeGrazia’s framework of six principles of animal research ethics is arguably the most constructive step forward in the ethics of animal experimentation in the past fifty years. Their advance beyond the influential Three-Rs framework is due to their display of the core values and basic principles in animal research ethics. Further work on the practical implementation of their principles can start by focusing on how to better weigh human interests against animal interests. This is where a great fudge can loom large: either human benefit is overestimated or harm to animals is underestimated. How benefits and harms can be more precisely understood, evaluated, and balanced is critical. To this end, this commentary expands on Beauchamp and DeGrazia’s principle of sufficient value to justify harm, principle of basic needs, and principle of upper limits to harm.

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