scholarly journals Nano-Brick Wall Architectures Account for Super Oxygen Barrier PET Film by Quadlayer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes and α-ZrP Nanoplatelets

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Han ◽  
Yiqing Luo ◽  
Qing Ju ◽  
Xujing Xiao ◽  
Min Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Pet Film

Nanobrick wall hybrid coating with super oxygen barrier properties were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using a quadlayer (QL) assembly of polyelectrolytes and nanoplateles. A quadlayer assembly consists of three repeat units of polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and layered α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). PDDA with positive charges can assemble alternatively with both α-ZrP and PAA with negative charges to form nanobrick wall architectures on the surface of PET film via the electrostatic interaction. The lamellar structure of α-ZrP platelets and the dense QL assembly coating can greatly reduce the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of PET film. Compared to pristine PET film, the OTR of PET (QL)19 is reduced from 57 to 0.87 cc/m2/day. Moreover, even with 19 QLs coating, PET (QL)19 composite film is still with an optical transparency higher than 90% and a haze lower than 10%. Therefore, the transparent PET (QL)n composite films with super oxygen barrier properties show great potential application in food packaging and flexible electronic packaging.

scholarly journals Films Based on Mater-Bi® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
José Miguel Ferri ◽  
Marina Patricia Arrieta ◽  
Juan López-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Optical Barrier ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Gum Rosin ◽  
Uv Transmittance

Mater-Bi® NF866 (MB) was blended with gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (labeled as LF and UT), as additives, to produce biobased and compostable films for food packaging or agricultural mulch films. The films were prepared by blending MB with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of each additive. The obtained films were characterized by optical, colorimetric, wettability, and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the additives and the MB-based films were disintegrated under composting conditions and the effect of each additive on the biodegradation rate was studied. All films were homogeneous and optically transparent. The color of the films tended to yellow tones due to the addition of pine resin derivatives. All the formulated films presented a complete UV-transmittance blocking effect in the UVA and UVB region, and those with 5 wt.% of pine resin derivatives increased the MB hydrophobicity. Low amounts of resins tend to maintain the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values of the neat MB, due to its good solubilizing and compatibilizing effects. The disintegration under composting conditions test revealed that gum rosin completely disintegrates in about 90 days, while UT degrades 80% and LF degrades 5%, over 180 days of incubation. As expected, the same tendency was obtained for the disintegration of the studied films, although Mater-Bi® reach 28% of disintegrability over the 180 days of the composting test.

Esterified lignin coating as water vapor and oxygen barrier for fiber-based packaging

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Lena Hult ◽  
Klaus Koivu ◽  
Janne Asikkala ◽  
Jarmo Ropponen ◽  
Pauli Wrigstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Continuous Film ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Moisture Barrier Property

Abstract Lignin, esterified with palmitic and lauric acid chloride, has been studied for the application as coating on fiber-based packaging material. The aim was to improve the barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen of paperboard. The esterification was followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography measurements. The lignin esters were applied on paperboard and formed a continuous film. The moisture barrier property of the coated paperboards was characterized by the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). A significant decrease in WVTR was observed, for example, 40 g m-2 (for 24 h) for a paperboard coated with 10.4 g m-2 hardwood kraft lignin palmitate. The contact angle of water on the lignin ester coatings was high and stable. For all paperboard samples coated with lignin esters, a significant decrease in oxygen transmission rate was observed. Accordingly, lignin palmitate and laurate have a high potential as a barrier materials in packaging applications.

Application of Chitosan as a Barrier Coating on Coated Ivory Board

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Fang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Yu Sha Liu ◽  
Xin Sheng Chai
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Coating Weight

Chitosan solution was applied to coated ivory board as a barrier material, and the surface microstructure, oxygen resistance and water vapor permeability of chitosan-coated paper under different coating weight were studied. According to the images of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Atomic force microscope(AFM), the coated ivory board surface has a smooth contour without pores and cracks after coating with chitosan. Increasing in coating hold-out of chitosan, the smoothness and the oxygen barrier properties of coated paper were improved considerably, but no improvement on water vapor resistance. An Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 119.0 cm3/m2•24h•0.1MPa was obtained when the coating weight of chitosan was 3.96 g/m2. Single-layer and double-layer techniques were used to coat coated ivory paper with chitosan; it was found that the OTR of paper, obtaining by double-layer coating technique, was lower than that of single-layer paper at similar coating weight. For the purpose of reducing water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of chitosan-coated paper, Poly(vinyldene chloride)(PVDC) was applied on the chitosan-coated paper. Water vapor and oxygen barrier properties were enhanced as the coating weight of PVDC increased from 1.05 g/m2to 7.40 g/m2. While the chitosan and PVDC was coated on coated ivory paper through bi-layer technique for 1.96 g/m2and 7.40g/m2, respectively, the WVTR and OTR of paper decreased by 66.3% and 98.0% separately, compared to that of the chitosan-coated paper for 1.96g/m2.

The Morphology of SiOx Coated PET Film by Ultrasonic Atomic Force Microscopy and Barrier Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1600-1605
Author(s):  
Gai Mei Zhang ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Cun Fu He ◽  
Shou Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Pet Film

The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of SiOx coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) affected by fine defects is discussed in this paper. With an ultrasonic AFM (UAFM), which is an advantageous to distinguishing tiny defects on/ in the deposited films, it is found that the OTR of the coated films is relevant to the morphology scanned by UAFM. Herein SiOx layers with a thickness in the order of nano-scale were fabricated in 13.56 MHz-radio frequency (RF) -plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The monomer for the coating fabrication is hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). Fourier transform inferred (FTIR) spectra of the deposited coating with a strong peak at 1062 cm-1, corresponding to Si-O-Si stretching vibration, confirm the formation of SiOx coatings through PECVD. The higher OTR value of SiOx coated PET is consistence with defects on film surface and in the subsurface of coatings through UAFM. It obtains that the OTR value of the defect free SiOx coated film was reduced by ca. 89% compared with the defect existence SiOx coated PET.

scholarly journals Renewable cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging to avoid fossil fuel plastic pollution: a review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Qasim ◽  
Ahmed I. Osman ◽  
Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽  
Charlie Farrell ◽  
Mohammed Al-Abri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Cellulose Nanoparticles

Abstract The extensive use of petroleum-based synthetic and non-biodegradable materials for packaging applications has caused severe environmental damage. The rising demand for sustainable packaging materials has encouraged scientists to explore abundant unconventional materials. For instance, cellulose, extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, has gained attention owing to its ecological and biodegradable nature. This article reviews the extraction of cellulose nanoparticles from conventional and non-conventional lignocellulosic biomass, and the preparation of cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging. Cellulosic nanocomposites exhibit exceptional mechanical, biodegradation, optical and barrier properties, which are attributed to the nanoscale structure and the high specific surface area, of 533 m2 g−1, of cellulose. The mechanical properties of composites improve with the content of cellulose nanoparticles, yet an excessive amount induces agglomeration and, in turn, poor mechanical properties. Addition of cellulose nanoparticles increases tensile properties by about 42%. Barrier properties of the composites are reinforced by cellulose nanoparticles; for instance, the water vapor permeability decreased by 28% in the presence of 5 wt% cellulose nanoparticles. Moreover, 1 wt% addition of filler decreased the oxygen transmission rate by 21%. We also discuss the eco-design process, designing principles and challenges.

Effect of Protein Variety on Properties of Gelatin Edible Films

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Nan Xun ◽  
Qiao Lei ◽  
Jian Qiang Bao ◽  
Zhi Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Soybean Protein Isolate ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate

Influences of whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (NaCas) and soybean protein isolate (SPI) on gelatin (GA) film properties were investigated by comparing with common plastic films. The results suggested that WPI and NaCas caused tensile strength (TS) of GA film increasing from 6.38MPa to 7.17MPa,7.52MPa; water vapor permeability (WVP) decreasing from 18.46*10-13g m-1 s-1 Pa-1 to 17.92*10-13g m-1 s-1,16.46*10-13g m-1 s-1; and resulted in oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) decreasing from 128.315cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1 to 37.352 cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1, 38.129 cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1.WVP of GA films increased 13.2% and O2TR decreased 4.1% as the addition of SPI. NaCas-GA composite films was the optimal group which had significant advantage on Ts, optical properties and barrier properties.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Films from Cassava Starch/Gelatin Biocomposite Fortified with Quercetin and TBHQ and Their Applications in Food Models

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn ◽  
Lisa J. Mauer ◽  
Sasitorn Wongruong ◽  
Pensiri Sriburi ◽  
Alissara Reungsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Ft Ir

Edible and active packaging are attractive for use in food packaging applications due to their functionality and sustainability. This research developed new antioxidant active food packaging materials from cassava starch/gelatin (7:3 w/w) composite films with varied antioxidant types (quercetin and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) and concentrations (0–200 mg/200 mL film-forming solution) and evaluated their properties. Antioxidant addition altered the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. At 34% relative humidity (RH), increasing the concentration of quercetin increased the tensile strength and decreased the elongation at break of the composite films. Increasing quercetin and TBHQ contents increased the film water solubility and water vapor transmission rate. Intermolecular interactions between the antioxidants and films, as found in Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and XRD micrographs, were related to the changed film functionalities. In food application studies, the cassava starch/gelatin films containing quercetin and TBHQ retarded the oxidation of lard (more than 35 days) and delayed the redness discoloration of pork. Cassava starch/gelatin composite films integrated with quercetin and TBHQ can be utilized as active packaging that delays oxidation in foods.

scholarly journals Impact of Backbone Amide Substitution at the Meta- and Para-Positions on the Gas Barrier Properties of Polyimide

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Qian Wen ◽  
Ao Tang ◽  
Chengliang Chen ◽  
Yiwu Liu ◽  
Chunguang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Flexible Display ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Gas Barrier Properties

This study designed and synthesised a meta-amide-substituted dianiline monomer (m-DABA) as a stereoisomer of DABA, a previously investigated para-amide-substituted dianiline monomer. This new monomer was polymerised with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to prepare a polyimide film (m-DABPI) in a process similar to that employed in a previous study. The relationship between the substitution positions on the monomer and the gas barrier properties of the polyimide film was investigated via molecular simulation, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) to gain deeper insights into the gas barrier mechanism. The results showed that compared with the para-substituted DABPI, the m-DABPI exhibited better gas barrier properties, with a water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as low as 2.8 g·m−2·d−1 and 3.3 cm3·m−2·d−1, respectively. This was because the meta-linked polyimide molecular chains were more tightly packed, leading to a smaller free volume and lower molecular chain mobility. These properties are not conducive to the permeation of small molecules into the film; thus, the gas barrier properties were improved. The findings have significant implications for the structural design of high-barrier materials and could promote the development of flexible display technology.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Enhanced Antimicrobial Breathable Biodegradable Polymeric Films for Food Packaging Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3527
Author(s):  
Mona M. Abd Al-Ghani ◽  
Rasha A. Azzam ◽  
Tarek M. Madkour
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽  
Microporous Films ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

The principle of breathable food packaging is to provide the optimal number of pores to transfer a sufficient amount of fresh air into the packaging headspace. In this work, antimicrobial microporous eco-friendly polymeric membranes were developed for food packaging. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were chosen as the main packaging polymers for their biodegradability. To develop the microporous films, sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were used as porogenic agents and the membranes were prepared using solvent-casting techniques. The results showed that films with of 50% NaCl and 10% PEO by mass achieved the highest air permeability and oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) with PLA. Meanwhile, blends of 20% PLA and 80% PCL by mass showed the highest air permeability and O2TR at 100% NaCl composition. The microporous membranes were also coated with cinnamaldehyde, a natural antimicrobial ingredient, to avoid the transportation of pathogens through the membranes into the packaged foods. In vitro analysis showed that the biodegradable membranes were not only environmentally friendly but also allowed for maximum food protection through the transportation of sterile fresh air, making them ideal for food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Compostable Polylactide and Cellulose Based Packaging for Fresh-Cut Cherry Tomatoes: Performance Evaluation and Influence of Sterilization Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Rapisarda ◽  
Cristina Patanè ◽  
Alessandra Pellegrino ◽  
Angelo Malvuccio ◽  
Valeria Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fresh Cut

For food packaging, plastic materials display large appeal, mostly due to their versatility, mechanical, optical and barrier properties. However, they play an important role in environmental concerns and waste management issue. Compostable bioplastics represent alternative materials designed for a lower environmental impact. In this work, a biobased compostable packaging, constituted by polylactide (PLA) trays and NatureFlex™ film, was evaluated for fresh-cut cherry tomato. A comparative analysis was accomplished using traditional packaging materials, that is, polyethylene terephtalate (PET) trays and polypropylene (PP Coex) film. Structural stability under food contact conditions, mechanical and physical-chemical properties were investigated. Tensile mechanical properties, puncture resistance, contact angle (CA) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), before and after UV or radiofrequency (RF) sterilization treatment, were evaluated. UV irradiation method resulted the less invasive one. Therefore, oxygen and water vapor transmission rate (OTR and WVTR), overall chemical migration test, biodegradation assessment by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) according to ISO 14851 and disintegration test by ISO 20200 were carried out to establish the further influence of UV sterilization on the packaging. Overall, data showed that the biobased compostable packaging for a prolonged shelf-life of fresh-cut cherry tomato has better properties that were surprisingly enhanced by the UV treatment.

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