Application of Chitosan as a Barrier Coating on Coated Ivory Board

Chitosan solution was applied to coated ivory board as a barrier material, and the surface microstructure, oxygen resistance and water vapor permeability of chitosan-coated paper under different coating weight were studied. According to the images of scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Atomic force microscope(AFM), the coated ivory board surface has a smooth contour without pores and cracks after coating with chitosan. Increasing in coating hold-out of chitosan, the smoothness and the oxygen barrier properties of coated paper were improved considerably, but no improvement on water vapor resistance. An Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 119.0 cm3/m2•24h•0.1MPa was obtained when the coating weight of chitosan was 3.96 g/m2. Single-layer and double-layer techniques were used to coat coated ivory paper with chitosan; it was found that the OTR of paper, obtaining by double-layer coating technique, was lower than that of single-layer paper at similar coating weight. For the purpose of reducing water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of chitosan-coated paper, Poly(vinyldene chloride)(PVDC) was applied on the chitosan-coated paper. Water vapor and oxygen barrier properties were enhanced as the coating weight of PVDC increased from 1.05 g/m2to 7.40 g/m2. While the chitosan and PVDC was coated on coated ivory paper through bi-layer technique for 1.96 g/m2and 7.40g/m2, respectively, the WVTR and OTR of paper decreased by 66.3% and 98.0% separately, compared to that of the chitosan-coated paper for 1.96g/m2.

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Esterified lignin coating as water vapor and oxygen barrier for fiber-based packaging

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2012-0214 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (8) ◽

pp. 899-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Eva-Lena Hult ◽

Klaus Koivu ◽

Janne Asikkala ◽

Jarmo Ropponen ◽

Pauli Wrigstedt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Oxygen Barrier ◽

Continuous Film ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Moisture Barrier Property

Abstract Lignin, esterified with palmitic and lauric acid chloride, has been studied for the application as coating on fiber-based packaging material. The aim was to improve the barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen of paperboard. The esterification was followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography measurements. The lignin esters were applied on paperboard and formed a continuous film. The moisture barrier property of the coated paperboards was characterized by the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). A significant decrease in WVTR was observed, for example, 40 g m-2 (for 24 h) for a paperboard coated with 10.4 g m-2 hardwood kraft lignin palmitate. The contact angle of water on the lignin ester coatings was high and stable. For all paperboard samples coated with lignin esters, a significant decrease in oxygen transmission rate was observed. Accordingly, lignin palmitate and laurate have a high potential as a barrier materials in packaging applications.

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The influence of PCL-ZnO coating composition on coated offset cardboard prints

Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020 ◽

10.24867/grid-2020-p8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tomislav Cigula ◽

◽

Tomislav Hudika ◽

Mihael Katana ◽

Marina Golik Krizmanić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapour ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Colour Difference ◽

Coated Paper ◽

Vapour Permeability ◽

Target Values ◽

Uncoated Paper

The most significant printing branch in these days is packaging printing. Packaging must primarily preserve the product from damaging, but at the same time must attract the consumers to be picked up from the shelf in the store. To ensure protective and aesthetic role of the packaging the prints are commonly coated with varnishes which will improve visual, mechanical, surface, and optical properties. In this paper a coating composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanoscale ZnO was used to coat the offset prints on the cardboard. The coatings were prepared by adding various weight amounts of the ZnO nanoparticles (weight ratios of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) into the mixture of PCL and ethyl-acetate. The coatings were applied onto prepared offset prints. The prints were evaluated before and after coating process by determining colour coordinates, print gloss, water vapour permeability and by calculating colour difference. The results showed that on the uncoated paper coating with prepared OVPs did not affect the colour reproduction outside acceptable tolerance levels, except for magenta coated with w(ZnO) = 0.5 and 1%. The coating with prepared coatings caused almost none change of print gloss on uncoated paper, but increased the print gloss on coated paper. The water-vapor permeability was lowered on both investigated paper types but on the uncoated paper the addition of ZnO nanoparticles decreased barrier properties in comparison to the coating composed of only PCL. Increasing the mass of added ZnO increases barrier properties of the print on both investigated cardboards. To conclude, this research has proved applicability of the PCL-ZnO coatings as a OVP on cardboard offset prints as it did not highly influenced colour reproduction but had decreased water vapour transmission rate. On the coated paper/cardboard one must take into account the increased colour difference of magenta and chose the ink to be closer to the target values at the beginning. In addition, to further investigate applicability in the packaging printing, further research should include investigation of resistance to ink fading in the ageing process, bending tests, adhesion etc.

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Renewable cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging to avoid fossil fuel plastic pollution: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1007/s10311-020-01090-x ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Umair Qasim ◽

Ahmed I. Osman ◽

Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb ◽

Charlie Farrell ◽

Mohammed Al-Abri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Cellulose Nanoparticles

Abstract The extensive use of petroleum-based synthetic and non-biodegradable materials for packaging applications has caused severe environmental damage. The rising demand for sustainable packaging materials has encouraged scientists to explore abundant unconventional materials. For instance, cellulose, extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, has gained attention owing to its ecological and biodegradable nature. This article reviews the extraction of cellulose nanoparticles from conventional and non-conventional lignocellulosic biomass, and the preparation of cellulosic nanocomposites for food packaging. Cellulosic nanocomposites exhibit exceptional mechanical, biodegradation, optical and barrier properties, which are attributed to the nanoscale structure and the high specific surface area, of 533 m2 g−1, of cellulose. The mechanical properties of composites improve with the content of cellulose nanoparticles, yet an excessive amount induces agglomeration and, in turn, poor mechanical properties. Addition of cellulose nanoparticles increases tensile properties by about 42%. Barrier properties of the composites are reinforced by cellulose nanoparticles; for instance, the water vapor permeability decreased by 28% in the presence of 5 wt% cellulose nanoparticles. Moreover, 1 wt% addition of filler decreased the oxygen transmission rate by 21%. We also discuss the eco-design process, designing principles and challenges.

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Nano-Brick Wall Architectures Account for Super Oxygen Barrier PET Film by Quadlayer Assembly of Polyelectrolytes and α-ZrP Nanoplatelets

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10101082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1082 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dongmei Han ◽

Yiqing Luo ◽

Qing Ju ◽

Xujing Xiao ◽

Min Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zirconium Phosphate ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Composite Films ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Oxygen Barrier ◽

Brick Wall ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Repeat Units ◽

Pet Film

Nanobrick wall hybrid coating with super oxygen barrier properties were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using a quadlayer (QL) assembly of polyelectrolytes and nanoplateles. A quadlayer assembly consists of three repeat units of polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) and layered α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP). PDDA with positive charges can assemble alternatively with both α-ZrP and PAA with negative charges to form nanobrick wall architectures on the surface of PET film via the electrostatic interaction. The lamellar structure of α-ZrP platelets and the dense QL assembly coating can greatly reduce the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of PET film. Compared to pristine PET film, the OTR of PET (QL)19 is reduced from 57 to 0.87 cc/m2/day. Moreover, even with 19 QLs coating, PET (QL)19 composite film is still with an optical transparency higher than 90% and a haze lower than 10%. Therefore, the transparent PET (QL)n composite films with super oxygen barrier properties show great potential application in food packaging and flexible electronic packaging.

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Effects of flexing, optical density, and lamination on barrier and mechanical properties of metallized films and aluminum foil centered laminates prepared with polyethylene terephthalate and linear low density polyethylene

Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting ◽

10.1177/8756087920963532 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 875608792096353

Author(s):

Changfeng Ge ◽

Suraj Singh Verma ◽

Jack Burruto ◽

Nazar Ribalco ◽

Janice Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Aluminum Foil ◽

Oxygen Barrier ◽

Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽

Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Water Vapor Transmission ◽

Lamination Process ◽

Oxygen Transmission

Flex barrier and optical density (OD) are two unique properties for metallized films and aluminum foil. This study investigated the effect of flexing on barrier properties of a laminate comprising metallized films and aluminum foil, as well as OD and adhesive lamination process on the overall multilayer laminate performance. Three (3) barrier layers, namely aluminum foil, metallized polyethylene terephthalate (met OPET) film with a high OD, and standard metallized PET film(met OPET), were laminated with the same printing layer OPET and sealing layer linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), into OPET/adhesive/foil/adhesive/LLDPE and OPET/adhesive/met OPET/adhesive/LLDPE structures. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were measured before and after flexing. The aluminum foil centered laminate had an excellent oxygen barrier after the 20-cycle flexing test and failed to retain its oxygen barrier after the 270-cycle flexing. Compared to the aluminum foil centered laminate, the metallized film centered laminates were less affected by the flexing on the oxygen barrier. For all laminates, the water vapor barrier was less severely affected by flexing than the oxygen barrier. This study suggests that the ASTMF392 Gelbo D (20- cycle flexing) can determine if aluminum foil and metallized film centered laminates are resistant to flex-formed pinhole failures. A higher OD, a thicker film thickness and lamination process improved laminate’s actual barrier, resulting in lower measured transmission rates versus that predicted using Henry's solubility law and Fick's diffusion law. The laminate’s water vapor transmission rate is 55–74% lower than predicted. The oxygen transmission rate is 15–31% lower than predicted.

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Effect of Protein Variety on Properties of Gelatin Edible Films

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1040 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 365-366 ◽

pp. 1040-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qian Nan Xun ◽

Qiao Lei ◽

Jian Qiang Bao ◽

Zhi Ying Huang

Keyword(s):

Transmission Rate ◽

Soybean Protein ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Films ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Soybean Protein Isolate ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate

Influences of whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (NaCas) and soybean protein isolate (SPI) on gelatin (GA) film properties were investigated by comparing with common plastic films. The results suggested that WPI and NaCas caused tensile strength (TS) of GA film increasing from 6.38MPa to 7.17MPa,7.52MPa; water vapor permeability (WVP) decreasing from 18.46*10-13g m-1 s-1 Pa-1 to 17.92*10-13g m-1 s-1,16.46*10-13g m-1 s-1; and resulted in oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) decreasing from 128.315cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1 to 37.352 cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1, 38.129 cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1.WVP of GA films increased 13.2% and O2TR decreased 4.1% as the addition of SPI. NaCas-GA composite films was the optimal group which had significant advantage on Ts, optical properties and barrier properties.

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Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Carbonate Reinforced Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biocomposites

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413716999200723120228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Semra Kirboga ◽

Mualla Öner ◽

Süleyman Deveci

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Storage Modulus ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Low Cost ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Neat Polymer ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Composite Samples

Background: The objective of this work was to develop biopolymer/calcium carbonate biocomposites with enhanced properties, relative to the neat polymer, by using low-cost filler calcium carbonate (CaCO3). To this end, we selected as matrices Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, PHBV), which has attracted the most considerable interest among the biopolymer in industry. Methods: Novel biodegradable PHBV/CaCO3 composites with 0.1-1 wt% of CaCO3 content were manufactured by melt extrusion. The effect of the CaCO3 on the thermal, barrier and dynamic mechanical properties of the PHBV was comprehensively investigated by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, DSC, and DMA. The water and oxygen barrier properties of the biocomposites were also measured. Results: DSC and XRD analysis showed that CaCO3 served as a nucleating agent, promoting crystallinity and crystal size. The addition of CaCO3 particles has a small effect on the lamellae thickness and distribution. DMA measurements showed that considerable improvements in storage modulus and viscose damping by incorporating CaCO3 particles. The storage modulus of the PHBV at 20°C in the DMA was increased up to 76% and loss modulus was increased up to 175% when composite prepared 0.1wt% coated CaCO3 particle. Water vapor and oxygen permeability were measured to study the effect of particles on the barrier properties of composite samples. Biocomposites exhibited smaller oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) due to the increase of crystallinity and tortuosity of the composite samples. Conclusion: The results of this study have demonstrated that properties of biocomposites prepared by using low-cost commercially available filler are greatly improved to obtain the high-performance composites.

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Films Based on Mater-Bi® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13091506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1506

Author(s):

Miguel Aldas ◽

Cristina Pavon ◽

José Miguel Ferri ◽

Marina Patricia Arrieta ◽

Juan López-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Oxygen Barrier ◽

Biodegradation Rate ◽

Optical Barrier ◽

Pine Resin ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Gum Rosin ◽

Uv Transmittance

Mater-Bi® NF866 (MB) was blended with gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (labeled as LF and UT), as additives, to produce biobased and compostable films for food packaging or agricultural mulch films. The films were prepared by blending MB with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of each additive. The obtained films were characterized by optical, colorimetric, wettability, and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the additives and the MB-based films were disintegrated under composting conditions and the effect of each additive on the biodegradation rate was studied. All films were homogeneous and optically transparent. The color of the films tended to yellow tones due to the addition of pine resin derivatives. All the formulated films presented a complete UV-transmittance blocking effect in the UVA and UVB region, and those with 5 wt.% of pine resin derivatives increased the MB hydrophobicity. Low amounts of resins tend to maintain the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values of the neat MB, due to its good solubilizing and compatibilizing effects. The disintegration under composting conditions test revealed that gum rosin completely disintegrates in about 90 days, while UT degrades 80% and LF degrades 5%, over 180 days of incubation. As expected, the same tendency was obtained for the disintegration of the studied films, although Mater-Bi® reach 28% of disintegrability over the 180 days of the composting test.

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Cracking at the fold in double layer coated paper: the influence of latex and starch composition

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj18.2.93 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 93-99

Author(s):

SEYYED MOHAMMAD HASHEMI NAJAFI ◽

DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD, ◽

MEHDI TAJVIDI

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Double Layer ◽

Starch Content ◽

Single Layer ◽

Double Layers ◽

Coated Paper ◽

Coated Papers ◽

Coating Layers ◽

Scanned Images ◽

Packaging Paper

Cracking at the fold of publication and packaging paper grades is a serious problem that can lead to rejection of product. Recent work has revealed some basic mechanisms and the influence of various parameters on the extent of crack area, but no studies are reported using coating layers with known mechanical properties, especially for double-coated systems. In this study, coating layers with different and known mechanical properties were used to characterize crack formation during folding. The coating formulations were applied on two different basis weight papers, and the coated papers were folded. The binder systems in these formulations were different combinations of a styrene-butadiene latex and mixtures of latex and starch for two different pigment volume concentrations (PVC). Both types of papers were coated with single and double layers. The folded area was scanned with a high-resolution scanner while the samples were kept at their folded angle. The scanned images were analyzed within a constant area. The crack areas were reported for different types of papers, binder system and PVC values. As PVC, starch content, and paper basis weight increased, the crack area increased. Double layer coated papers with high PVC and high starch content at the top layer had more cracks in comparison with a single layer coated paper, but when the PVC of the top layer was low, cracking area decreased. No measurable cracking was observed when the top layer was formulated with a 100% latex layer.

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Impact of Backbone Amide Substitution at the Meta- and Para-Positions on the Gas Barrier Properties of Polyimide

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2097

Author(s):

Qian Wen ◽

Ao Tang ◽

Chengliang Chen ◽

Yiwu Liu ◽

Chunguang Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transmission Rate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Polyimide Film ◽

Flexible Display ◽

Gas Barrier ◽

Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Oxygen Transmission Rate ◽

Display Technology ◽

Gas Barrier Properties

This study designed and synthesised a meta-amide-substituted dianiline monomer (m-DABA) as a stereoisomer of DABA, a previously investigated para-amide-substituted dianiline monomer. This new monomer was polymerised with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to prepare a polyimide film (m-DABPI) in a process similar to that employed in a previous study. The relationship between the substitution positions on the monomer and the gas barrier properties of the polyimide film was investigated via molecular simulation, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) to gain deeper insights into the gas barrier mechanism. The results showed that compared with the para-substituted DABPI, the m-DABPI exhibited better gas barrier properties, with a water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as low as 2.8 g·m−2·d−1 and 3.3 cm3·m−2·d−1, respectively. This was because the meta-linked polyimide molecular chains were more tightly packed, leading to a smaller free volume and lower molecular chain mobility. These properties are not conducive to the permeation of small molecules into the film; thus, the gas barrier properties were improved. The findings have significant implications for the structural design of high-barrier materials and could promote the development of flexible display technology.

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