scholarly journals Hydrophobic Modification of Cashew Gum with Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Biswas ◽  
H. N. Cheng ◽  
Sanghoon Kim ◽  
Carlucio R. Alves ◽  
Roselayne F. Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
Octenyl Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Polymeric Emulsifiers ◽  
Better Than

Cashew gum (CG) shows promise of being useful as an agro-based raw material for the production of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymers. In this work, we modified this water-soluble polymer with alkenyl succinic anhydride in order to attach a hydrophobic group to it. The modification used two reagents: octenyl succinic anhydride and tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride. Reactions were conducted at 120 °C using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, with conversions better than 88%. Samples with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.02 and 0.20 were made. The resulting polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, TGA, and GPC. The addition of the hydrophobe decreased the affinity of cashew gum for water absorption. Hydrophobically modified polysaccharides are often used as polymeric emulsifiers, thickeners, and compatibilizers; we anticipate that these new hydrophobically modified CGs may be used for the same applications.

Flow of Hydrophobically Modified Water-Soluble-Polymer Solutions in Porous Media: New Experimental Insights in the Diluted Regime

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Dupuis ◽  
David Rousseau ◽  
René Tabary ◽  
Bruno Grassl
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Adsorbed Layer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Improved Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified

Summary The specific molecular structure of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers (HMWSPs), also called hydrophobically associative polymers, gives them interesting thickening and surface-adsorption abilities compared with classical water-soluble polymers (WSPs), which could be useful in polymer-flooding and well-treatment operations. However, their strong adsorption obviously can impair their injectivity, and, conversely, the shear sensitivity of their gels can be detrimental to well treatments. Determining for which improved-oil-recovery (IOR) application HMWSPs are best suited, therefore, remains difficult. The aim of this work is to bring new insight regarding the interaction mechanisms between HMWSPs and rock matrix and the consequences concerning their propagation in reservoirs. A consistent set of HMWSPs with sulfonated polyacrylamide backbones and alkyl hydrophobic side chains together with an equivalent WSP was synthesized and fully characterized. HMWSP and WSP solutions were then injected in model granular packs. As expected, with HMWSPs, high resistance factors (or mobility reductions, Rm) were observed. Yet, within the limit of the injected volumes, the effluent showed the same viscosity and polymer concentration as the injected solutions. A first significant outcome concerns the specificities of the Rm curves during HMWSP injections. Rm increases took place in two steps. The first corresponded to the propagation of the viscous front, as observed with WSP, whereas the second was markedly delayed, occurring several pore volumes (PV) after the breakthrough. This result is not compatible with the classical picture of multilayer adsorption of HMWSPs but suggests that injectivity is controlled solely by the adsorption of minor polymeric species. This hypothesis was confirmed by reinjecting the collected effluents into fresh cores; no second-step Rm increases were observed. Brine injections in HMWSP-treated cores revealed high residual resistance factors (or irreversible permeability reductions, Rk), which can be attributed to the presence of thick polymer-adsorbed layers on the pore surface. Nevertheless, Rk values strongly decreased when increasing the brine-flow rate. This second significant outcome shows that the adsorbed-layer thickness is shear-controlled. These new results should lead to proposing new adapted filtration and injection procedures for HMWSPs, aimed, in particular, at improving their injectivity.

scholarly journals Photocatalysis and flocculation processes for recycling aquaculture effluent into nutrient-rich irrigation water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maad F. Al Juboury ◽  
Muhammad Abdulredha ◽  
Basim K. Nile
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Tamarind Kernel ◽  
Maximum Turbidity ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Maximum Removal ◽  
Aquaculture Effluent

Abstract This research aimed to create a novel technique for recovering fertilizers from aquaculture effluent to overcome potential non-renewable fertilizers shortages. There are two steps: Photocatalyst technique for nutrient mobilization, succeeded by solids precipitating with two natural and one synthetic flocculant. The photocatalytic degradation of organonitrogen compounds in batch experiments started under the irradiation of sunlight. Following that, photocatalytic breakdown of organonitrogen compounds produces inorganic nitrogen constituents like NH4+, NO2−, and NO3−, which could be used as manure. It was found that, after 12 h of circulating, the concentration of inorganic nitrogen become as NH4+ = 17.2 g/L, NO2− = 18.1 mg/L, and NO3− = 15.9 mg/L. The jar test was adopted to assess the capacity of two natural compounds (tamarind kernel polysaccharide (TKP) and tannin-based product (TBS)) and synthetic water-soluble polymer cationic polyacrylamide (SWP) to reduce turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), COD and colour. The findings reveal that with a dose of 20 mg/L of TBS, 20 mg/L of TKP, and 50 mg/L of SWP, the maximum turbidity reductions were 95, 93, and 94%, respectively. The TBS was slightly better than TKP and highly better than SWP in terms of coagulation activities with TSS, COD and colour maximum removal efficiencies.

Influence of Weak Hydrophobic Interactions on in Situ Viscosity of a Hydrophobically Modified Water-Soluble Polymer

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alette Løbø Viken ◽  
Kristine Spildo ◽  
Roland Reichenbach-Klinke ◽  
Ketil Djurhuus ◽  
Tormod Skauge
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Polymer ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Saccharum officinarum L. (Sugarcane) Leaves as a Disintegrant in Tablet Formulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Julie Ann S. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Better Than

Purpose : Complete recycling of the crop residues of sugarcane in the Philippines remains to be achieved. This study purposed to derive microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from sugarcane leaves and test its disintegrating properties in tablet formulation. Methods: Saccharum officinarum L. (sugarcane) leaves were used to prepare MCC powder. According to the conventional method, the preparation of cellulose powder requires heating the raw material with acid and alkali followed by washing, bleaching, and sieving. Hydrolysis of the bleached product was carried out using hydrochloric acid to obtain MCC powder, and the physicochemical properties of the produced MCC powder were studied including its organoleptic properties, pH value, %loss on drying, %water soluble substances and Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. Results: The resulting powder was evaluated for its disintegrating property in the preparation of blank tablets, which were compared to tablets prepared using commercially available MCC. MCC powder derived from sugarcane leaves had properties at par with commercially available MCC and was in conformance with National Formulary (NF) specifications. Conclusion: Disintegrating properties were also significantly better than the commercially available MCC.

Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyimides (PI) and Polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) against Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Norfaezah Mazalan ◽  
Mazatulikhma Mat Zain ◽  
Nor Saliyana Jumali ◽  
Norhanim Mohalid ◽  
Zurina Shaameri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Brain Delivery ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Novel Drugs

Recently, research and development in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS) facilitating site-specific therapy has reached significant progression. DDS based on polymer micelles, coated micro- and nanoparticles, and various prodrug systems including water-soluble polymer have been prepared and extensively studied as novel drugs designed for cancer chemotherapy and brain delivery. Since polymers are going to be used in human, this study has the interest of testing two types of polymer, polyimides (PI) and polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) on neuronal cells. The objective of this study was to determine the possible neurotoxicity and potential neuroprotective effects of PI and PPV towards SH-SY5Y neuronal cells challenged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. Cells were pretreated with either PI or PPV for 1 hour followed by incubation for 24 hour with 100 µM of H2O2. MTS assay was used to assess cell viability. Results show that PI and PPV are not harmful within the concentration up to 10 µM and 100 µM, respectively. However, PI and PPV do not protect neuronal cells against toxicity induced by H2O2 or further up the cell death.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document