Extending Cellulose-Based Polymers Application in Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Review of Recent Approaches

The materials for additive manufacturing (AM) technology have grown substantially over the last few years to fulfill industrial needs. Despite that, the use of bio-based composites for improved mechanical properties and biodegradation is still not fully explored. This limits the universal expansion of AM-fabricated products due to the incompatibility of the products made from petroleum-derived resources. The development of naturally-derived polymers for AM materials is promising with the increasing number of studies in recent years owing to their biodegradation and biocompatibility. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer that possesses many favorable properties to be incorporated into AM materials, which have been continuously focused on in recent years. This critical review discusses the development of AM technologies and materials, cellulose-based polymers, cellulose-based three-dimensional (3D) printing filaments, liquid deposition modeling of cellulose, and four-dimensional (4D) printing of cellulose-based materials. Cellulose-based AM material applications and the limitations with future developments are also reviewed.

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Property Enhancement of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites Prepared by Fused-Deposition Modeling

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering - Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0117-7.ch017 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 455-478

Author(s):

Pravin R. Kubade ◽

Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni ◽

Vinayak C. Gavali

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

Properties Of Composites

Additive Manufacturing or three-dimensional printing refers to a process of building lighter, stronger three-dimensional parts, manufactured layer by layer. Additive manufacturing uses a computer and CAD software which passes the program to the printer to build the desired shape. Metals, thermoplastic polymers, and ceramics are the preferred materials used for additive manufacturing. Fused deposition modeling is one additive manufacturing technique involving the use of thermoplastic polymer for creating desired shape. Carbon fibers can be added into polymer to strengthen the composite without adding additional weight. Present work deals with the manufacturing of Carbon fiber-reinforced Polylactic Acid composites prepared using fused deposition modeling. Mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of composites are studied as per ASTM standards and using sophisticated instruments. It is observed that there is enhancement in thermo-mechanical properties of composites due to addition reinforcement which is discussed in detail.

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Synthesis and properties of modified PBT for FDM

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-12-2015-0197 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 804-810 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shiqing Cao ◽

Dandan Yu ◽

Weilan Xue ◽

Zuoxiang Zeng ◽

Wanyu Zhu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Sebacic Acid ◽

Wire Drawing ◽

Content Type ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Deposition Modeling

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a new modified polybutylene terephalate (MPBT) for fused deposition modeling (FDM) to increase the variety of materials compatible with printing. And the printing materials can be used to print components with a complex structure and functional mechanical parts. Design/methodology/approach The MPBT, poly(butylene terephalate-co-isophthalate-co-sebacate) (PBTIS), was prepared for FDM by direct esterification and subsequent polycondensation using terephthalic acid (PTA), isophthalic acid (PIA), sebacic acid (SA) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The effects of the content of PIA (20-40 mol%) on the mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated when the mole per cent of SA (αSA) is zero. The effects of αSA (0-7mol%) on the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of PBTIS were investigated at nPTA/nPIA = 7/3. A desktop wire drawing and extruding machine was used to fabricate the filaments, whose printability and anisotropy were tested by three-dimensional (3D) printing experiments. Findings A candidate content of PIA introducing into PBT was obtained to be about 30 per cent, and the Izod notched impact strength of PBTIS increased with the increase of αSA. The results showed that the PBTIS (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5mol%) is suitable for FDM. Originality/value New printing materials with good Izod notched impact strength were obtained by introducing PIA and SA (nPTA/nPIA = 7/3, αSA = 3-5 mol%) into PBT and their anisotropy are better than that of ABS.

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EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PROCESS PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 3D PRINTED PLA PRODUCT

Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics ◽

10.33021/jmem.v6i2.1573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Nanang Ali Sutisna ◽

Rakha Amrillah Fattah

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Experimental Procedure ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Deposition Modeling ◽

3D Printed ◽

3D Digital Models

The method of producing items through synchronously depositing material level by level, based on 3D digital models, is named Additive Manufacturing (AM) or 3D-printing. Amongs many AM methods, the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique along with PLA (Polylactic acid) material is commonly used in additive manufacturing. Until now, the mechanical properties of the AM components could not be calculated or estimated until they've been assembled and checked. In this work, a novel approach is suggested as to how the extrusion process affects the mechanical properties of the printed component to obtain how the parts can be manufactured or printed to achieve improved mechanical properties. This methodology is based on an experimental procedure in which the combination of parameters to achieve an optimal from a manufacturing experiment and its value can be determined, the results obtained show the effect of the extrusion process affects the mechanical properties.

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The effect of geometry on mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V ELI scaffolds manufactured using additive manufacturing technology

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s43452-020-0011-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patrycja Szymczyk ◽

Viktoria Hoppe ◽

Grzegorz Ziółkowski ◽

Michał Smolnicki ◽

Marcin Madeja

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Manufacturing Technology ◽

Additive Manufacturing Technology

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4D Printing: A Review on Recent Progresses

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11090796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Honghui Chu ◽

Wenguang Yang ◽

Lujing Sun ◽

Shuxiang Cai ◽

Rendi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Complex Structures ◽

Future Prospects ◽

4D Printing ◽

Stimulation Method ◽

Shape Property ◽

External Stimuli

Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has been gradually popularized. However, the microstructures fabricated using 3D printing is static. To overcome this challenge, four-dimensional (4D) printing which defined as fabricating a complex spontaneous structure that changes with time respond in an intended manner to external stimuli. 4D printing originates in 3D printing, but beyond 3D printing. Although 4D printing is mainly based on 3D printing and become an branch of additive manufacturing, the fabricated objects are no longer static and can be transformed into complex structures by changing the size, shape, property and functionality under external stimuli, which makes 3D printing alive. Herein, recent major progresses in 4D printing are reviewed, including AM technologies for 4D printing, stimulation method, materials and applications. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of 4D printing were highlighted.

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A Review Study on Mechanical Properties of Obtained Products by FDM Method and Metal/Polymer Composite Filament Production

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2020/6187149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ümit Çevik ◽

Menderes Kam

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Production Method ◽

Context Analysis ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Composite Filament ◽

Metal Polymer

In addition to traditional manufacturing methods, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become a widespread production technique used in the industry. The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method is one of the most known and widely used additive manufacturing techniques. Due to the fact that polymer-based materials used as depositing materials by the FDM method in printing of parts have insufficient mechanical properties, the technique generally has limited application areas such as model making and prototyping. With the development of polymer-based materials with improved mechanical properties, this technique can be preferred in wider application areas. In this context, analysis of the mechanical properties of the products has an important role in the production method with FDM. This study investigated the mechanical properties of the products obtained by metal/polymer composite filament production and FDM method in detail. It was reviewed current literature on the production of metal/polymer composite filaments with better mechanical properties than filaments compatible with three-dimensional (3D) printers. As a result, it was found that by adding reinforcements of composites in various proportions, products with high mechanical properties can be obtained. Thus, it was predicted that the composite products obtained in this way can be used in wider application areas.

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Additive Manufacturing and size-dependent mechanical properties of three-dimensional microarchitected, high-temperature ceramic metamaterials

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2018.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 360-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Huachen Cui ◽

Ryan Hensleigh ◽

Hongshun Chen ◽

Xiaoyu Zheng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Temperature ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Size Dependent ◽

Image Position

Abstract

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Structural Optimization and Additive Manufacturing

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.811 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 611-612 ◽

pp. 811-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Julen Ibabe ◽

Antero Jokinen ◽

Jari Larkiola ◽

Gurutze Arruabarrena

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Finite Element ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Structural Optimization ◽

Finite Element Simulations ◽

Optimization Process ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Complex Geometries ◽

Additive Manufacturing Technology

Additive Manufacturing technology offers almost unlimited capacity when manufacturing parts with complex geometries which could be impossible to get with conventional manufacturing processes. This paper is based on the study of a particular real part which has been redesigned and manufactured using an AM process. The challenge consists of redesigning the geometry of an originally aluminium made part, in order to get a new stainless steel made model with same mechanical properties but with less weight. The new design is the result of a structural optimization process based on Finite Element simulations which is carried out bearing in mind the facilities that an AM process offers.

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Polymer-Derived Biosilicate®-like Glass-Ceramics: Engineering of Formulations and Additive Manufacturing of Three-Dimensional Scaffolds

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14185170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5170

Author(s):

Fulden Dogrul ◽

Paulina Ożóg ◽

Martin Michálek ◽

Hamada Elsayed ◽

Dušan Galusek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Gas Release ◽

Carbon Phase ◽

Digital Light Processing ◽

Direct Ink Writing ◽

Additive Manufacturing Technology

Silicone resins, filled with phosphates and other oxide fillers, yield upon firing in air at 1100 °C, a product resembling Biosilicate® glass-ceramics, one of the most promising systems for tissue engineering applications. The process requires no preliminary synthesis of parent glass, and the polymer route enables the application of direct ink writing (DIW) of silicone-based mixtures, for the manufacturing of reticulated scaffolds at room temperature. The thermal treatment is later applied for the conversion into ceramic scaffolds. The present paper further elucidates the flexibility of the approach. Changes in the reference silicone and firing atmosphere (from air to nitrogen) were studied to obtain functional composite biomaterials featuring a carbon phase embedded in a Biosilicate®-like matrix. The microstructure was further modified either through a controlled gas release at a low temperature, or by the revision of the adopted additive manufacturing technology (from DIW to digital light processing).

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